International Journal of One Health最新文献

{"title":"Generating evidence on antibiotic use across human and animal health sectors using the World Health Organization’s Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification: Exploratory pilot study in rural Pune, India","authors":"A. Kudale, Sakshi Shantanu Hiralkar, Pravin Arun Sawant, Yogita Purushottam Hulsurkar, Nikhil Rajkumar Fatate, Priya Padmakar Waghmare, A. Randive, Mugdha Sharad Phutane, Prashant Pawar, Prashant Mhase","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.166-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.166-171","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Human antibiotic formulations in animal feed for therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes have contributed to antimicrobial resistance worldwide; however, little evidence is available in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to generate evidence of antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors by investigating the overlap in antibiotic use in community settings in rural blocks of Pune District, India, following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Materials and Methods: An exploratory pilot study using a cross-sectional design in two randomly selected rural blocks of the Pune district included 138 interviews with general physicians (GPs, n = 62), pharmacists (n = 60), and veterinary practitioners (n = 16) using semi-structured interview schedules and the WHO AWaRe classification. IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 21.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and to calculate the proportions of the different antibiotic groups. The WHO AWaRe classification was used to describe antibiotic use by the study participants and to assess the overlap in antibiotic use. Results: Our study provides evidence of an overlap in human and animal antibiotic use in rural community settings across the human and animal health sectors. Amoxicillin (access group), penicillin (access group), and ofloxacin (watch group) were used in both human and animal health. Amoxicillin and penicillin were used to treat common bacterial infections, ofloxacin was used to treat skin infections in humans and animals, and ofloxacin was used to treat pneumonia in animals and urinary bladder infections in humans. In contrast, azithromycin (watch group), cefixime (watch group), and amoxicillin (Access Group), with or without other antibiotics, were the most commonly used antibiotics by GPs in humans. Conclusion: We confirmed the overlap in antibiotic use across the human and animal health sectors in rural community settings, suggesting the need for interventions following the One Health approach. Further, research is required to assess the patterns of this overlap, as well as behavior, knowledge, and potential solutions to help avoid this overlap and prevent the rampant use of antibiotics in the animal and human health sectors in rural community settings. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics use, overlap, rural India, WHO AWaRe.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene program with biosecurity: A One Health approach to reduce the prevalence and exposure of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the livestock community","authors":"Y. Paramitadevi, C. Priadi, Iftita Rahmatika, Andriansjah Rukmana, S. Moersidik","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.181-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.181-193","url":null,"abstract":"The global spread of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health and is one of the main causes of this problem. Livestock farming plays a significant role in the horizontal and vertical transmission of treatment-resistant genes and bacteria. These processes involve contact with agricultural products and the environment, raising concerns for public health, and farming communities. The farming community is composed of a staggering 608 million farms worldwide, and their livelihood depends heavily on livestock farming. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary One Health approach focusing on integrated monitoring and intervention for humans, animals, and the environment is essential. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, by obstructing the transmission route between humans and animals. Additional risk reduction measures for ESBL E. coli infection in animals include vaccination and biosecurity program implementation. Water, sanitation, and hygiene and biosecurity measures must be combined to maximize the effectiveness of the One Health program. Therefore, this study aimed to describe recent advances in biosecurity and WaSH interventions in the livestock environment, analyze the effects of these interventions on human and animal health, and investigate potential future scenarios within the quantitative microbial risk assessment framework. This study used an integrative literature review through searches of four databases, a review of World Health Organization documents through websites, and an examination of relevant texts from previously obtained reference lists. Although hygiene and sanitation are often combined, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of integrating WaSH with biosecurity in livestock. In addition, the integration of the WaSH program with biosecurity has potential as a One Health intervention in the coming years. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biosecurity, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli, One Health, scenario, water, sanitation, and hygiene.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices of food handlers related to food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit Province in Iraq","authors":"M. Kanaan, I. Salim, A. Tarek, Suraida Abdullah","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.150-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.150-158","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Food safety and hygiene are global health concerns, particularly in underprivileged nations, due to the increased incidence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) and associated mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices toward food safety in Al-Suwaira City, Wasit governorate, Iraq. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, researchers interviewed 130 food handlers to assess their knowledge, attitude, and hygiene regarding food safety in Al-Suwaira, Wasit governorate, Middle Eastern Iraq, from October 2022 to March 2023. The data regarding their age, sex, place of residence, education, employment history, marital status, and monthly income were collected through a questionnaire, as were details on their knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene habits about food safety. Results: Overall, most participants demonstrated poor knowledge of food hygiene and preservation but showed good knowledge of personal hygiene. Knowledge gaps were identified about the healthy ways to clean and use cooking utensils (35.38%), storage of food in the refrigerator (33.85%), and the possible exposure to foodborne pathogens when utensils are reused to cook vegetables and meat (12.31%). Nearly all participants in this study had positive attitudes toward food safety. Most participants (n = 100, 76.7%) agreed that separating raw and cooked food is the best way to avoid spreading germs. Moreover, 109 respondents (83.85%) agreed that washing hands before preparing food efficiently reduces the spread of FBDs. Furthermore, 117 participants (90%) disagreed that disposing of expired perishable foods is necessary, while 91.54% disagreed that monitoring meals for cleanliness and health is important. Our findings showed that 57.15% of the participants had low-to-intermediate competence in food safety procedures, such as avoiding cross-contamination, checking food temperatures, and washing hands thoroughly before and after handling food. Conclusion: The participants in this study exhibited poor compliance and awareness of food safety procedures and practices, respectively. Therefore, educational opportunities and training are necessary to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and cleanliness levels. Keywords: food handlers, food safety, Iraq, knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practices, Wasit province.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health and research with freshwater fish: A systematic review","authors":"Julia Fernanda de Camargo Teles Miranda, Karla Fernanda Sanches Rodrigues, Beatriz Regina Rodrigues Carvalho, José Rodrigo de Arruda, Valéria de Souza, Welber Senteio Smith","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.134-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.134-140","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, published between 2015 and 2022, were primarily concentrated in Asia and Africa. Notably, the focal points of these articles addressed antimicrobial resistance, parasites, and heavy metals, which are challenges associated with consuming contaminated fish. Conclusion: Thus, the One Health approach is the most efficient method for managing environmental risks. By harnessing the collaborative efforts of diverse professionals and experts in the fields of environmental, human, and animal health, this approach serves as a robust framework for addressing challenges involving the triad of human, animal, and environmental spheres. Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial resistance, heavy metals, human health, parasites.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the chains: Advancements in antiviral strategies to combat Nipah virus infections","authors":"Fredmoore L. Orosco","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.122-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.122-133","url":null,"abstract":"Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates in humans and animals, thus, requiring a “One Health” approach. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for NiV infection, making the development of effective antiviral agents against this virus a critical research priority. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to identify and develop antiviral agents targeting the various stages of NiV pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses current research on antiviral agents against NiV. The promising results obtained with several compounds, including repurposed drugs, nucleoside analogs, phytochemicals, and multi-target inhibitors, are also highlighted. Developing effective antiviral agents against NiV remains a major challenge; however, recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NiV pathogenesis and identifying potential targets for antiviral agents have provided hope for the future. Further research is required to identify and optimize antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against NiV and other related viruses.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandarin farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use in mandarin orchards and the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mandarin orchard workers in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand","authors":"Mewika Hamtook, Parichat Ongartborirak, Aksara Thongprachum, Usanee Wattananandkul, Warangkana Naksen","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.95-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.95-105","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Inappropriate antibiotic use in the agricultural sector is a crucial driver of antibiotic resistance which is a global public health concern. Although there are many studies on antibiotic use in livestock production, studies on antibiotic use in crop production are relatively scarce. This study aimed to determine farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward antibiotic use in Mandarin orchard and investigate their associations with the antibiotic susceptibility patterns among Mandarin orchard farmers in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fang District between November and December 2021. The participants in this study were 151 farmers (farm owners and farm workers) in ten Mandarin orchards. All participants completed face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected from 100 participants. The disk diffusion and staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec typing methods were used to test the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Results: All farmers involved in the activities related to antibiotic exposure, 39.7% prepared or mixed antibiotics, and 82.8% injected antibiotics into Mandarin trees. Overall, farmers in this study had moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes and good antibiotic use practices. There was a significant association between attitudes and practices (r = 0.312, p < 0.001). In the analysis of drug resistance of the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 16 of 100 nasal swab samples, with resistance to penicillin (16/16), methicillin (cefoxitin) (1/16), and tetracycline (6/16). Conclusion: This is the first report on farmers' and farm workers' KAP and antibiotic use in crop production, specifically Mandarin production. The findings of this research will help in developing plans and strategies to encourage the appropriate use of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance or microbial resistance in plant production. Keywords: antibiotic use, attitudes, farmers, knowledge, mandarin orchard, practices.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing how One Health is defined and used within primary research: A scoping review","authors":"Sydney D. Pearce, David F. Kelton, Charlotte B. Winder, Jan M. Sargeant, Jamie Goltz, E. Jane Parmley","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.74-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.74-86","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach can be used in multiple ways to tackle a wide range of complex problems, making OH research applications and definitions difficult to summarize. To improve our ability to describe OH research applications, we aimed to characterize (1) the terms used in OH definitions within primary research articles reporting the use of the OH approach, and (2) the who, what, where, when, why, and how (5Ws and H) of the OH primary research articles. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using nine databases and the search term “One Health” in June 2021. Articles were screened by two reviewers using pre-specified eligibility criteria. The search yielded 11,441 results and screening identified 252 eligible primary research articles. One Health definitions and 5Ws and H data were extracted from these studies. Results: Definitions: One Health was labeled as an “approach” (n = 79) or “concept” (n = 30) that is “multi/cross/inter/trans-disciplinary” (n = 77), “collaborative” (n = 54), “interconnected” (n = 35), applied “locally/regionally/nationally/globally” (n = 84), and includes health pillars (“human” = 124, “animal” = 122, “environmental/ecosystem” = 118). WHEN: Article publication dates began in 2010 and approximately half were published since 2020 (130/252). WHERE: First authors most often had European (n = 101) and North American (n = 70) affiliations, but data collection location was more evenly distributed around the world. WHO: The most common disciplines represented in affiliations were human health/biology (n = 198), animal health/biology (n = 157), food/agriculture (n = 81), and environment/geography (n = 80). WHAT: Infectious disease was the only research topic addressed until 2014 and continued to be the most published overall (n = 171). Antimicrobial resistance was the second most researched area (n = 47) and the diversity of topics increased over time. HOW: Both quantitative and qualitative study designs were reported, with quantitative observational designs being the most common (n = 174). WHY: Objectives indicated that studies were conducted for the benefit of humans (n = 187), animals (n = 130), physical environment (n = 55), social environments (n = 33), and plants (n = 4). Conclusion: This scoping review of primary OH research shows a diverse body of work, with human health being considered most frequently. We encourage continued knowledge synthesis work to monitor these patterns as global issues and the application of OH approaches evolve. Keywords: global One Health research, knowledge synthesis, one health applications, one health definitions.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential for foodborne disease stemming from the consumption of quail products: A systematic review","authors":"Trianing Tyas Kusuma Anggaeni, Sulthon Aqil Muhana, Roostita Lobo Balia, Gemilang Lara Utama","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.106-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.106-114","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Investigation of the zoonotic potential of quail-derived food items, including eggs and meat, and their consequential impact on the health of the general population is insufficient. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the potential hazards associated with consuming quail eggs and meat products with a One Health approach based on the existing body of knowledge derived from multi-disciplinary studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 studies from 2004 to 2021 were procured from four distinct databases following a two-stage screening process involving practical and methodological screening. The utilization of a descriptive qualitative method with a meta-aggregation approach was employed to scrutinize these studies, leading to a definitive conclusion regarding the risks of foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of quail meat products. Results: A total of 7555 studies were retrieved and 146 were qualified based on the predetermined criteria. Of 146 studies, 90 studies were eliminated based on duplication screening. Of the 90, 37 were determined to be related to the aim of this research. Conclusion: The consumption of quail eggs and meat products poses a significant risk for foodborne diseases, with potentially greater ramifications than currently recognized, particularly in the areas of food safety, public health, conservation, and the economy. Keywords: foodborne disease, One Health, quail.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elephant tourism: An analysis and recommendations for public health, safety, and animal welfare","authors":"C. Warwick, A. Pilny, C. Steedman, R. Grant","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.49-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.49-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Elephants are exploited for public entertainment tourism throughout Asia and Africa. Areas of concern include public health and safety and animal welfare.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: We examined over 500 scientific publications with respect to our primary objectives, as well as non-peer-reviewed materials relating to other relevant subject matters (e.g., tourism promotional websites and YouTube films) for background purposes, although these additional materials were not included in this review.\u0000\u0000Results: We identified at least 12 confirmed or potential zoonotic and other transmissible infections relevant to the elephant tourism sector, and at least 13 areas of animal welfare concern.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Infection and injury risks between humans and captive elephants cannot be safely controlled where close contact experiences are involved, arguably creating an unredeemable and indefensible public health and safety situation. Elephant welfare within some sectors of the close contact interactive tourism industry continues to involve significant mistreatment and abuse. To alleviate key One Health concerns outlined in this study, we recommend several types of regulation, monitoring, and control regarding interactions at the human-captive elephant interface. These include legal bans on the promotion and performance of close contact experiences, combined with strong enforcement protocols; new policies toward discouraging elephant tourism; 24/7 surveillance of captive elephants; and the adoption of independent scientific positive list systems for tourism promoters or providers regarding public observation of free-ranging elephants within national parks and protected areas.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal welfare, elephant tourism, One Health, public health, safety, zoonoses.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recent update on the use of antimicrobials for animal health in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Agustina Dwi Wijayant, Antasiswa Windraningyas Rosetyadew, A. Pratama, Aria Ika Septana, Dwi Cahyo Budi Setyawan, Ida Fitriana","doi":"10.14202/ijoh.2023.67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2023.67-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Animal antimicrobials must be studied to determine if they have the same types, norms of use, and resistance patterns as those used in humans. This study aimed to facilitate the analysis of data on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and to aid in developing a strategy to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Data were obtained through a survey of 101 veterinarians working in animal clinics and independent practice in five regencies of Yogyakarta province.\u0000\u0000Results: Both of the antibiotics, antiparasitic (78.6%) and, antiseptic and disinfectant (68.0%), and antifungal (31.1%) were the most frequently used types of antimicrobials, while antivirals were the least used (9.7%). The most often treated animals with antimicrobials are pets (37%), followed by large and small livestock (30%), poultry (15%), and exotic animals (14%). Of the respondents, 89% were aware of the factors contributing to AMR, but only 47% monitored developments and expanded their understanding of AMR. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillin (71), tetracyclines (50), sulfonamides (41), fluoroquinolones (31), and aminoglycosides (27).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: All antimicrobials used in the animal health sector are also used in human medicine, which requires special consideration. This cross-use of antibiotics was a crucial factor in determining the cause of the spread of AMR between humans and animals.\u0000\u0000Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial use, Yogyakarta.","PeriodicalId":37300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of One Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48808708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}