Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship最新文献

{"title":"Strong ties, information seeking, and ecosystem brokerage among actors in the Atlantic Canadian entrepreneurial ecosystem","authors":"K. McKague, Chad Saunders, Stephanie H Gilbert, Ellen Farrell","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.2015895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.2015895","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While weak ties have received considerable research attention, less is known about the role of strong ties in this context or the interplay among different types of ties. This study addressed this gap, at least partially, by investigating the outreach made by Atlantic Canadian entrepreneurs to improve their businesses through a survey of knowledge-seeking behaviors of 533 Atlantic Canadian entrepreneurs identified 1666 different ecosystem actors among 3397 separate knowledge-seeking events. The findings from this study highlight the importance of a confluence of strong and weak ties in serving as conduits through which entrepreneurs secure resources from ecosystem support providers. When a breadth of knowledge is required (i.e. both business and technical), entrepreneurial firms establish strong ties with specific government agencies and universities. When primarily business knowledge is needed, entrepreneurial firms form strong ties with government agencies, while government agencies in turn establish strong ties with a wider range of stakeholders across the ecosystem actors. Finally, when primarily technical knowledge is needed the strong ties are leveraged primarily by entrepreneurial firms to embed themselves within the partner organizations, which tend to be universities and professional service organizations. The article concludes with implications for theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"9 1","pages":"871 - 889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87791392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theorizing ‘pivot’ in small and micro business","authors":"Ayoob Sadeghiani, Alistair R. Anderson, Sadra Ahmadi, Sajjad Shokouhyar","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.2014205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.2014205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83182015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborations in innovation activities of rural SMEs: a configurational analysis","authors":"Kadia Georges Aka, Crispin Agadusameso Enagogo","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.2004072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.2004072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88361785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un cas du bricolage: le financement de la création de toutes petites entreprises par les femmes à Thiès (Sénégal)","authors":"Félix Ntep","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1993766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1993766","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The debate on the funding of business creation focuses on the provision of funds by banks. Our study examines the financial behavior of eighteen women who set up small craft and commercial activities. It is based on a theoretical approach and on a qualitative methodology, which give a central place to the temporal and exploratory dimension in the understanding of the various interactions between the creators of the companies and their closer financial environment. The results of the study show a case of DIY. The latter is revealed in the ability of women to assign new objectives to financial resources, which they have mobilized from the banks of the financial system, mutual tontines, relatives and friends. This tinkering is a source of understanding for the State, the actors of the financial system and civil society, who participate in the renewal of the business park, in Thiès, in the Escale-Nord district, in Senegal.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"60 1","pages":"130 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84654153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese entrepreneurship in a globalized world: place, space, and mobilities","authors":"Xiaohua Lin, Min Zhou","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1999106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1999106","url":null,"abstract":"Diasporic Chinese entrepreneurship is a longstanding phenomenon for scholarly research (Zhou 2021). While the study of overseas Chinese entrepreneurs is an important subject matter in itself, much of the social science literature has taken on the perspectives of migrant-receiving countries and drawn on the diverse adaptation or integration experiences of Chinese migrants and their descendants to develop concepts such as ethnic enclaves, social capital, embeddedness, bounded solidary, and enforceable trust (Portes and Zhou 1992; You and Zhou 2019). Although historically, entrepreneurship has been a vital aspect of diasporic Chinese life and is crucial for understanding Chinese migration, immigrant transnationalism, and ancestral homeland or hometown development, scholars have increasingly shifted their focus to consider a rising China as the context from which contemporary Chinese entrepreneurship is developed and globalized. In Mainland China, nation-wide economic reforms enacted since the late 1970s have given rise to a burgeoning entrepreneurial sector, in which participants consist of not only Chinese citizens, but also diasporic Chinese, including internationally educated students, migrant returnees and transnationals (Saxenian 2002; Wang, Zweig, and Lin 2011), as well as international migrants who have arrived in China to pursue economic opportunities with or without initial intention to be entrepreneurs (Lyons, Brown, and Li 2012). While many scholars of Chinese entrepreneurship have written on the relations between diasporic Chinese entrepreneurs and their ancestral homeland from historical and cultural perspectives, few have attempted to examine China as the “host” context for diverse entrepreneurial undertakings. How unique is China for entrepreneurship? What does China mean as a place for individuals to launch their entrepreneurial pursuits? In this special issue, we address these questions through four studies of entrepreneurship by Chinese mainlanders, diasporic Chinese, and international migrants in China. We challenge the widely held cultural explanation of Chinese entrepreneurship and highlight the significance of China as a host context in which place and space intersect through the movement of international and internal migrants in affecting entrepreneurship. This editorial first provides a brief overview of the four contributions to this special issue, followed by some thoughts to move this line of research forward.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"26 1","pages":"357 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87937343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic literature review of determinants of immigrant entrepreneurship motivations","authors":"Carson Duan, B. Kotey, K. Sandhu","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1997490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1997490","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Immigrant entrepreneurship (IE) has significant impacts on socioeconomic development in ethnic communities and in host and home countries. Understanding immigrant entrepreneurial motivation (IEM) is therefore crucial for scholars, policymakers and practitioners. This paper undertakes a systematic literature review to identify and analyze individual and environmental factors that pull or push immigrants into entrepreneurship. The review identifies five dimensions of individual push-pull factors that predominantly determine IEM: demographics; personal circumstances; personal values and other personality characteristics; business ideas and opportunities; and self-efficacy. IEM is also determined by three dimensions of environmental factors: the ethnic enclave and host- and home-country contexts. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that pull factors (e.g., entrepreneurial desire, prior experience, need for personal improvement) have greater effects on IEM than push factors (e.g., lack of skills or legal migration documents, discrimination). The paper confirms that having the motivation to set up a business based on one’s own skills is the most effective IEM pull factor, followed by prior business experience and family business background. The paper also finds that lack of labor market competition due to the liability of foreignness and discrimination is a critical IEM push factor.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"24 1","pages":"599 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72967343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivating and retaining non-family employees in the absence of fair policies and procedures: a family firm perspective","authors":"J. Haynie, A. Franco-Watkins, J. Ring","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1995814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1995814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84186123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effet de l’inclusion financière sur la formalisation des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises au Cameroun","authors":"Faustine Kede Ndouna, Roger Tsafack Nanfosso","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1980679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1980679","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is empirical evidence of the effect of financial inclusion on the growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. However, little is known about its effect on the formalization of informal firms. This paper therefore aims to analyze the role of financial inclusion in the formalization process of SMEs in Cameroon. Using data from the Enterprise Survey 2016, we construct a financial inclusion index to assess the effect of overall access to inclusive financial services on the one hand. On the other hand, using a discrete choice model, we analyze the specific effect of each financial service. The result is that financial inclusion is associated with increased formalization of firms. Specifically, simultaneous access to several inclusive financial services increases the probability of formalization of firms by 5.3%. Furthermore, access to specific financial instruments such as credit and savings accounts increases the probability of registration for informally operating SMEs. Finally, the use of Mobile Money reduces this probability by 17.9%. These results underline the need to promote the development of certain inclusive financial services (such as access to credit, bank account creation) and to better organize the use of mobile financial services.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"32 1","pages":"56 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73768265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women-focused entrepreneurial support organizations: creating change in entrepreneurial ecosystems through building gender capital?","authors":"G. Grandy, Angela Culham","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1981730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1981730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite implementation of policies and programs aimed to increase women’s participation, there is still a significant gap in the percentage of women owned businesses compared to men. We explore how a women-focused entrepreneurial support organization (ESO) builds gender capital and how it might contribute to generating change and creating more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). We adopt a Bourdieusian lens and a qualitative case study approach interviewing 18 participants associated with a local ESO in Saskatchewan, Canada (Women Entrepreneurs of Saskatchewan). Findings reveal that the ESO does contribute to building gender capital with an emphasis on cultural and social capital. This findings also raise additional questions. First, the extent to which some of the work of this ESO is reinforcing a masculine norm is unclear, as well as the policy implications of this (e.g., focus upon scaling up as a measure of success). Second, women entrepreneurs are not a heterogeneous group and it is challenging for one organization to generate gender capital in ways which account for women entrepreneurs’ varied experiences and motivations.","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"48 1","pages":"502 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88489494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gender role identity on the entrepreneurial intention of university students","authors":"A. Datta, C. Bazan, Kara A. Arnold","doi":"10.1080/08276331.2021.1981729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1981729","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the influence of gender role identity (GRI) on the precursors of entrepreneurial intention (EI) of university students. Understanding the EI of university students is essential since this is the stage in life when they need to make career choices, including that of becoming self-employed. Most studies in the past have focused on examining the gender gap in entrepreneurial behavior by analyzing EI as influenced by a person’s biological sex, i.e. a binary difference between men and women (e.g. man = 0, woman = 1). That approach for studying the gender gap in entrepreneurial behavior has produced inconsistent results. We argue that the discrepancies in those results are due to the over-simplistic approach involving biological sex instead of their self-perception of their gender. This study devised a mathematical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social role theory to examine the influence of GRI in shaping the EI of university students and investigate the mediating role of the TPB’s constructs in the relationship. Research on EI as influenced by GRI leads to a more in-depth understanding of entrepreneurial behavior since both men and women may incorporate higher or lower levels of masculine and feminine characteristics into their self-identities. By analyzing the influence of GRI on EI, this study can explain the gender-related factors shaped by cultural and social dimensions that are absent in previous studies. One of the most important findings of this study is an understanding of the pathways by which GRI affects the EI of university students through the more proximal antecedents of EI. This new understanding can inform universities trying to increase gender equality in entrepreneurship. RÉSUMÉ Cette étude examine l’influence de l’identité de rôle de genre (IRG) sur les précurseurs de l’intention entrepreneuriale (IE) des étudiants universitaires. Il est essentiel de comprendre l’IE des étudiants universitaires puisque c’est à ce stade de la vie qu’ils doivent faire des choix de carrière, y compris celui de devenir indépendant. Dans le passé, la plupart des études se sont concentrées sur l’examen de l’écart entre les sexes en matière de comportement entrepreneurial, en analysant l’IE comme étant influencé par le sexe biologique d’une personne, c’est-à-dire une différence binaire entre les hommes et les femmes (par exemple, homme = 0, femme = 1). Cette approche de l’étude de l’écart entre les sexes dans le comportement entrepreneurial a donné des résultats contradictoires. Nous soutenons que les divergences dans ces résultats sont dues à l’approche trop simpliste impliquant le sexe biologique plutôt que l’auto-perception du genre. Cette étude a conçu un modèle mathématique basé sur la théorie du comportement planifié (TCP) et la théorie du rôle social pour examiner l’influence de l’IRG dans la formation de l’IE des étudiants universitaires et le rôle médiateur des constructions de la TCP dans ","PeriodicalId":37293,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship","volume":"72 1","pages":"618 - 644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76304857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}