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M.K. Gandhi – “An Autobiography or Story of my Experiments with Truth” 甘地——《我的自传或真理实验的故事》
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.156
T. Tyszka, R. Dacey
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引用次数: 0
Primacy Effects and Voting Methods (Literature Review) 原始效应与投票方法（文献综述）
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.151
S. Linder
{"title":"Primacy Effects and Voting Methods (Literature Review)","authors":"S. Linder","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.151","url":null,"abstract":"The primacy effect has long been considered a decisive factor in determining election outcomes and has consequently developed a robust literature dedicated to studying it in different scenarios and contexts. However, existing research has offered limited insight into how the choice of voting method, particularly by-mail voting, may infl uence its impact on elections by altering how and when voters participate. This article fi rst reviews why the primacy effect exists, how researchers identify its infl uence, and its overall impact on election outcomes. It then discusses why the use of by-mail voting should be expected to alter the primacy effect, and analyzes two works where this relationship has been explored. Their results highlight several of the issues faced when trying to examine this relationship, but also indicate that further study is warranted and likely to be fruitful.","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
W te gry więźniowie nie grają. Instytucje rzeczywistej subkultury więziennej łagodzące konflikt i przemoc w kontraście do eksperymentu Zimbardo 囚犯不会玩这些游戏。与津巴多实验相比，缓解冲突和暴力的真正监狱亚文化制度
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.153
Marek M. Kamiński
{"title":"W te gry więźniowie nie grają. Instytucje rzeczywistej subkultury więziennej łagodzące konflikt i przemoc w kontraście do eksperymentu Zimbardo","authors":"Marek M. Kamiński","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43992856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gary S. Becker i Kevin M. Murphy – „Ekonomia społeczna. Co wpływa na zachowania jednostki” Gary S. Becker和Kevin M. Murphy -“Ekonomia społeczna”。Co wpływa na zachowania jednoski”
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.154
K. Idzikowska
{"title":"Gary S. Becker i Kevin M. Murphy – „Ekonomia społeczna. Co wpływa na zachowania jednostki”","authors":"K. Idzikowska","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maurice Allais o podejmowaniu decyzji
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.155
Maciej Malawski, L. Jasiński
{"title":"Maurice Allais o podejmowaniu decyzji","authors":"Maciej Malawski, L. Jasiński","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Primacy Effects in Poland – supplement to Steven Linder 首要效应在波兰-补充史蒂芬林德
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.152
Jacek Haman
{"title":"Primacy Effects in Poland – supplement to Steven Linder","authors":"Jacek Haman","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.152","url":null,"abstract":"The text supplements the article by S. Linder and contains information about research on the primacy effect in Poland. The subject of J. Raciborski’s analyzes were elections to national councils (local government bodies) in 1988 – the last elections before the fall of communism in Poland, elections to the Sejm in 1989 and 1991. T. Żółtak investigated the existence of the primacy effect in the elections to the Senate in 1991-2007. However, the primacy effect in the 2014 regional elections was of greatest political importance. The strength of this effect was measured by J. Flis. Analyzes were also carried out on the effect of a candidate’s position on the party semi-open list in proportional elections. However, this is a completely different issue, as in this case the position on the list is related to the actual political weight of the candidate. In Poland, the relationship of the primacy effect with postal elections has never been studied, which results from the marginal importance of the latter, as well as the procedures used in elections, which prevent a separate analysis of the content of votes cast by post and at the polling station.","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Show issue Year 6/2021  Issue 35 Sensitivity of numerate individuals to large asymmetry in outcomes: A registered replication of Traczyk et al. (2018) 第6/2021年第35期数字个体对结果大不对称的敏感性:Traczyk等人的注册复制(2018)
Decyzje Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.150a
Supratik Mondal
{"title":"Show issue Year 6/2021  Issue 35 Sensitivity of numerate individuals to large asymmetry in outcomes: A registered replication of Traczyk et al. (2018)","authors":"Supratik Mondal","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.150a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.150a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46368908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensitivity to interventions and the relationship with numeracy 对干预的敏感性及其与计算能力的关系
Decyzje Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.147
Michał Dzieżyk, Weronika Hetmańczuk, Jakub Traczyk
{"title":"Sensitivity to interventions and the relationship with numeracy","authors":"Michał Dzieżyk, Weronika Hetmańczuk, Jakub Traczyk","doi":"10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.147","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this research was to investigate whether people exhibit algorithm aversion—a tendency to avoid using an imperfect algorithm even if it outperforms human judgments—in the case of estimating students’ percentile scores on a standardized math test. We also explored the relationships between numeracy and algorithm aversion and tested two interventions aimed at reducing algorithm aversion. In two studies, we asked participants to estimate the percentiles of 46 real 15-year-old Polish students on a standardized math test. Participants were offered the opportunity to compare their estimates with the forecasts of an algorithm—a statistical model that predicted real percentile scores based on fi ve explanatory variables (i.e., gender, repeating a class, the number of pages read before the exam, the frequency of playing online games, socioeconomic status). Across two studies, we demonstrated that even though the predictions of the statistical model were closer to students’ percentile scores, participants were less likely to rely on the statistical model predictions in making forecasts. We also found that higher statistical numeracy was related to a higher reluctance to use the algorithm. In Study 2, we introduced two interventions to reduce algorithm aversion. Depending on the experimental condition, participants either received feedback on statistical model predictions or were provided with a detailed description of the statistical model. We found that people, especially those with higher statistical numeracy, avoided using the imperfect algorithm even though it outperformed human judgments. Interestingly, a simple intervention that explained how the statistical model works led to better performance in an estimation task","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Culture, learning and rational decision-making: evidence from a TV show 文化、学习和理性决策:来自一个电视节目的证据
Decyzje Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.144
Júlio Lobão
{"title":"Culture, learning and rational decision-making: evidence from a TV show","authors":"Júlio Lobão","doi":"10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the French and the Vietnamese versions of the TV game show “The Price is Right”, using data from 130 episodes. We focus on the bidding game, covering 434 rounds and 1,736 bids. We document that players deviate signifi cantly from what is predicted by the model of rational expectations, especially in the French population. Moreover, Vietnamese fourth bidders are found to win more frequently than their French counterparts in spite of using strategic bids less often. We attribute these results to cultural reasons. Contestants from the collectivistic, uncertainty-tolerant culture (i.e., Vietnam) are more reluctant to engage in strategic bidding than individuals from the individualistic, uncertainty-avoidant culture (i.e., France). However, Vietnamese contestants pay more attention to the estimates of the previous players and thus make a better use of the informational advantage inherent to the sequential nature of the game. Overall, our evidence suggests that culture is an important omitted variable in studies that examine cross-country differences in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44909226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Klęska Filistynów 非利士人的失败
Decyzje Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7206/dec.1733-0092.149
J. Haman
{"title":"Klęska Filistynów","authors":"J. Haman","doi":"10.7206/dec.1733-0092.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7206/dec.1733-0092.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37255,"journal":{"name":"Decyzje","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45195104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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