International Review of Social Research最新文献_第7页

Personal Network Analysis and Health among Latinas 拉丁美洲人的个人网络分析与健康

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0020

L. Frank, S. Murphy, S. Ball-Rokeach

{"title":"Personal Network Analysis and Health among Latinas","authors":"L. Frank, S. Murphy, S. Ball-Rokeach","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interpersonal contacts play important roles in women’s health decisions. By using personal network analysis with a focus on specific role relationships, we can better examine interpersonal influences on health decision-making. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys of Hispanic women (N = 1632). Using an ego network name generator and name interpreters, participants detailed their personal networks for discussion about women’s health issues. Participants reported a mean of 1.99 (SD = 1.33) social network contacts with whom they discuss women’s health issues, of whom the most commonly reported contacts were female friends, sisters, mothers, and husbands, boyfriends, or partners. Many of the contacts nominated were family members, yielding a high personal network density (M = 0.84, SD = 0.32). Controlling for participant demographics and other forms of social influence, role relations’ encouragement to get a Pap test and personal network exposure to Pap test discussions were associated with Pap test status. Personal network analysis should leverage information on specific role relations. Given the importance of personal network contacts for women’s health status, health educators and medical professionals must account for women’s personal social networks in developing health interventions.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"172 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Women’s Social Capital in Academia: A Personal Network Analysis 学术界女性社会资本:个人网络分析

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0022

L. Barthauer, Daniel Spurk, S. Kauffeld

{"title":"Women’s Social Capital in Academia: A Personal Network Analysis","authors":"L. Barthauer, Daniel Spurk, S. Kauffeld","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Developmental networks are ego-centered networks, and were found to be beneficial for career success and advancement. Especially in academia, the benefits of developmental networks are critical due to limitations in career stability, and its up-or-out character. Overall, they facilitate career success and advancement by providing access to social capital, which is more or less attainable depending on certain structural network characteristics. Diverging access to social capital for women and men is well known, however, little is known about developmental networks of female and male academic staff. Therefore, this study investigated cohesion and brokerage as indicators for access to social capital to explore gender differences. The sample consisted of n = 594 ego-networks of PhDs and postdocs, working at German universities and research institutes. Cohesion was measured by density and degree; brokerage by effectiveness and constraint. Results revealed that based on Coleman’s cohesion theory (1988, 1990), female researchers showed less access to social capital through less dense networks, but bigger ones implying more social capital. Moreover, based on Burt’s brokerage theory (1992, 2005), female researchers showed, against our assumptions, more brokerage social capital by showing greater effectiveness, and less constraint. Results provide insight into men’s and women’s access to social capital.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"195 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2016-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Analysing social networks in rural development: a gender approach 分析农村发展中的社会网络:性别方法

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0023

J. Esparcia, J. J. Serrano

{"title":"Analysing social networks in rural development: a gender approach","authors":"J. Esparcia, J. J. Serrano","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gender issues are of growing importance in the European and Spanish rural areas. The literature reflects that women have traditionally been linked to marginal positions in economic life, social activities and even political representation at the local level. Local development programs that have been implemented in Europe’s rural areas have had among its objectives the improvement of the articulation of local communities. To reach them, it has been fostered, among others, a gender perspective, promoting both productive activities led by women and their participation as stakeholders in the management and decision-making structures of such programmes. In this paper, we addressed this latter issue. The study focuses on a sample of 30 relevant social actors linked to the implementation of a rural development programme in the county of Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, Spain) from the mid-1990s to recent date. Through Social Network Analysis, gender differences and women’s roles within the social network are studied in two differentiated periods. This analysis reveals that despite women representing a minority among the relevant stakeholders, their level of participation, prestige, position in the network, and frequency of relationships, among other indicators, are comparable with respect to those sustained by men. Therefore, it cannot be said, as reflected in some of the literature, that women tend to occupy marginal positions in the structure of social relations of local development programs.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"206 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Diffusion of Islam in the United States: Comparative Personal Conversion Social Networks 伊斯兰教在美国的传播:比较个人皈依社会网络

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0024

Şakin Erin

{"title":"Diffusion of Islam in the United States: Comparative Personal Conversion Social Networks","authors":"Şakin Erin","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conversion is one of the ways in which religion diffuses in society. Different than other diffusions, such as adopting a new technology or a fad, religious adoption can be riskier since it entails a life changing transition thereby making it a complex contagion. This study investigates whether Islam diffuses through weak ties or strong ties. By comparing conversion cases in Michigan, where there is a larger Muslim community, and Kentucky, where there is a less tangible Muslim community, I argue Islam is more likely to diffuse through what I call recessive or dominant weak ties in Michigan, whereas it is more likely to diffuse through strong ties in Kentucky. I collected personal social networks of 18 individuals who converted to Islam living in Michigan and 12 living in Kentucky. I found the research participants through mosques located in several cities in Michigan, including Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, Flint, Detroit, Dearborn, and Canton, and two cities in Kentucky: Lexington and Louisville. Having investigated a set of egocentric conversion networks from both Michigan and Kentucky, I found that the existence of a Muslim community and how it is perceived by mainstream society is an ultimate factor in determining the strength of a tie to other Muslims. Thus, Islam is more likely to diffuse through weak ties where there is a Muslim community, but it is more likely to diffuse through strong ties where there is no such community.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"221 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Social network dynamics in the course of family formation: Results from a mixed-methods longitudinal study 家庭形成过程中的社会网络动态:一项混合方法的纵向研究结果

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0026

A. Klärner, S. Keim, Holger von der Lippe

{"title":"Social network dynamics in the course of family formation: Results from a mixed-methods longitudinal study","authors":"A. Klärner, S. Keim, Holger von der Lippe","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article we examine the relationship between various biographical transitions of young adulthood and the structure of social networks. We ask how personal networks change in size and composition over the course of family formation or expansion, and due to other biographical transitions. We use data from an exploratory longitudinal study that uses mixed methods of social network analysis. We were able to reconnect with 29 of 98 young adults who were interviewed from 2004 to 2006, and conducted detailed qualitative interviews with 18 of them in 2011. Our findings suggest that biographical transitions do rather have an effect on the composition than on the size of personal networks. Biographical transitions do not necessarily lead to a decrease in network size due to network partners dropping out. These network partners often get substituted by new network partners that match changing priorities in different life stages. Particularly important transitions are the interviewees’ own parenthood, as well as the parenthood of their network partners. Transitions in relationship status, relocations, and job changes were also identified as relevant biographical transitions.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"245 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2016-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Investigating social support patterns of single mothers from a social network perspective 基于社会网络视角的单身母亲社会支持模式研究

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0021

R. Lumino, G. Ragozini, M. P. Vitale

引用次数: 10

Spoliation vs. ‘The right not to lie’: An economic theory of the 2012 political crisis leading to the referendum to impeach the President of Romania 舞弊与“不说谎的权利”:2012年政治危机导致罗马尼亚总统弹劾公投的经济学理论

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0015

Lucian Croitoru

{"title":"Spoliation vs. ‘The right not to lie’: An economic theory of the 2012 political crisis leading to the referendum to impeach the President of Romania","authors":"Lucian Croitoru","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In July 2012, Romania witnessed signs hinting at a possible erosion of political freedom. The paper shows that these signs point to a significant shortfall in economic freedom, deeply rooted in insecure property rights and high corruption. Such a shortage accounts for both the absence of the rule of law and many people’s reliance on the government for a job. Voters reliant on redistribution (mainly employees in the public sector, pensioners and welfare recipients) who actually cast their votes have outnumbered the other voters and have come to think of themselves as the owners not only of the redistribution rights set forth by law, but also of the values of those rights. Thus, excessive redistribution lays the groundwork for the “tyranny of the majority” and explains why the mechanisms to correct excesses cannot be used or are used too late, as they seem illegitimate. The paper presents the particularities of voters reliant on redistribution and the mechanism whereby they may come to agree, even if not wholeheartedly, to the reduction in their political freedoms if this means averting a cut in redistribution incomes. The paper concludes that it is only a matter of time before political freedom deteriorates in the absence of higher economic freedom via enhanced property rights, lower corruption and less reliance on redistribution.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"118 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon 食物禁忌对喀麦隆农村社区营养模式的影响

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0005

Lilian Nkengla Asi, D. Teri

{"title":"Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon","authors":"Lilian Nkengla Asi, D. Teri","doi":"10.1515/irsr-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food taboos are observed in all traditional societies. In Cameroon, various taboos ranging from food to religious and social have significant impact on the diet of the people. Specific food items are regarded differently by different communities. While in certain communities, some food items are seen as fit for consumption, others deem it unfit. Although food taboos related to culture are more subject to change due to the level of literacy that prevails in the society and due to cultural contacts, violators of taboos suffer grievous consequences. Methods used included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observations in all studied communities. The objective of the study is to understand how culture (food taboos) influences consumption patterns in traditional communities and the impact of disobedience on the people. This study of Cameroon food taboos has showed that dietary rules and regulations govern particular phases of life and is associated with special events like pregnancy, childbirth, lactation etc. In traditional societies, festivities such as hunting, wedding, and funeral are marked by specific food items. Punishments to violation of food taboos vary across food items and communities as what are considered a taboo in one community is not a taboo in another. Food taboo in some communities is considered as a way to maintain identity creating a sense of belonging.","PeriodicalId":37251,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"35 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/irsr-2016-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66817546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Sleep, Work and Globalization: The Evening/Night Shift Employees in Call Centre in Romania 睡眠，工作和全球化:罗马尼亚呼叫中心的夜班员工

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0016

Ramona Marinache

引用次数: 3

“The Uprising” Novel Map. Real and Imaginary Space in Liviu Rebreanu’s Vision “起义”小说地图。利维乌·雷布雷努视觉中的真实与想象空间

International Review of Social Research Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/irsr-2016-0012

Theodor Cepraga

引用次数: 0