International Journal of Criminology and Sociology最新文献_第4页

The Perfect Storm? Political Instability and Background Checks During COVID-19 完美风暴?2019冠状病毒病期间的政治不稳定和背景调查

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02

A. Anisin

{"title":"The Perfect Storm? Political Instability and Background Checks During COVID-19","authors":"A. Anisin","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.02","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to have increased aggressive behavior and violence in the United States. This study tests whether political instability events propelled gun purchasing behavior through a temporally sensitive analysis based on data drawn from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) and monthly data from the FBI’s NICS National Instant Criminal Background Check System. It utilizes a multi-methodological framework featuring both regression modeling and qualitative comparative analysis. While results from statistical inquiry do not lend support to significant associations of any single variable on the outcome, the comparative configurational inquiry does identify three salient pathways that brought about background check increases during COVID-19. All three solutions feature the conditions of political instability and presidential election events. Alongside these factors, mass shooting occurrences are present in two of the identified solutions. These findings reveal that COVID-19 fostered a set of conditions and the formation of a “Perfect Storm” which resulted in the greatest number of annual gun purchases in recorded history.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46321144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Crime Meets Pandemic: Organized Crimes and Triad Societies’ Activities during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong 当犯罪遇到大流行病：香港新冠肺炎大流行病期间有组织犯罪和黑社会活动

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.01

Bryan Tzu Wei Luk

引用次数: 0

Factors Influencing NGO Activities: Lithuanian Case Study 影响非政府组织活动的因素：立陶宛案例研究

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18

Andrius Stasiukynas, Aušra Šukvietienė, Tadas Sudnickas

{"title":"Factors Influencing NGO Activities: Lithuanian Case Study","authors":"Andrius Stasiukynas, Aušra Šukvietienė, Tadas Sudnickas","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to explore the external and internal factors influencing the activities of NGOs, in Lithuania. A qualitative empirical study was conducted (10 expert surveys) on this issue, what are the factors that help and hinder the activities of NGOs in Lithuania. The study allowed us to identify groups of factors positively influencing the activities of NGOs: human skills; infrastructure, as well as the organisation's relationship with public authorities, the hindering factors were also identified: the application of contracting authority status to NGOs; \"activities in the public interest\" interpretation; peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. The most relevant groups of NGO activity problems and related legal acts were distinguished: application of the contracting authority status to NGOs (Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania); Interpretation of “activities in the public interest” (STI material. Peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. legislation); application of corporate income tax to non-profit organizations (Law on Corporate Income Tax of the Republic of Lithuania).","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court 肯尼亚选举后暴力事件中有效受害者法律代理的法律援助:来自国际刑事法院的经验教训

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17

C. Khamala

{"title":"Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court","authors":"C. Khamala","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17","url":null,"abstract":"The International Criminal Court’s legal aid scheme pays court-appointed victims’ lawyers. Yet, whether ICC or domestic legal proceedings can provide better victim satisfaction goes beyond the question of whether external or internal legal representation is more effective in protecting victims’ rights. In circumstances where guilt is difficult to prove, as in the ICC’s Kenya cases, victims’ interests may be better satisfied by pursuing compensation from local courts. This paper therefore argues that post-election violence victims’ interests may be satisfied by legal aid to support domestic compensation claims. Although numerous victims participated in the Kenya cases, non-confirmation of charges against the former Police Commissioner, withdrawal of the Muthaura and Kenyatta case, and declining to conduct reparation hearings after vacating charges in the Ruto and Sang case, culminated in widespread victim dissatisfaction. The paper contrasts the victims’ plight in the Kenya cases with fortunes of victims who participated at the ICC with those of the CAVI Police Shooting case and COVAW Sexual and Gender Based Violence case which effectively proved more satisfying for some victims. The question is whether legal aid for victims’ representatives before domestic courts may enhance the effectiveness of local responses to atrocity crimes. Although the comparatively successful recent domestic suits illustrate advantages of pursuing constitutional-based compensation claims, as opposed to punitive-contingent reparations before the ICC, these test cases require upscaling. Notwithstanding the ‘Kenyan Trial Approach’s’ significant impact on ICC evolution, to vindicate victims’ rights, the Trust Fund for Victims may consider donating to Kenya’s Victim Protection Fund so as to supplement PEV victim compensation. Kenya’s Legal Aid Act requires reforms to support indigent victims, particularly those suffering abuse of power.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legal Status of the Mayor of the Territorial (Local) Authority (Municipality) of Lithuania from 1990 to the Present Day 1990年至今立陶宛领土（地方）当局（市）市长的法律地位

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.16

Algirdas Astrauskas, Kristina Čelkė, Kęstutis Vilkauskas

引用次数: 0

Intelligence Gathering Imperative: A Tool for Successful Security Outfits’ Operation 情报收集势在必行:安全机构成功运作的工具

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15

J. O. Enyia, A. A. Achu, O. Duke, Cleverty Afu Njong, Tiku Oru Takim, J. T. Okpa

{"title":"Intelligence Gathering Imperative: A Tool for Successful Security Outfits’ Operation","authors":"J. O. Enyia, A. A. Achu, O. Duke, Cleverty Afu Njong, Tiku Oru Takim, J. T. Okpa","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the recent security challenges Nigerians and non-Nigerians encounters in their daily existence to eke a living. These threats are orchestrated by the activities of one of the deadliest terrorist group in the world (Boko Haram), and herdsmen notorious killers, armed banditry, cow rustling by rustlers, incessant kidnapping especially students in schools and unsuspecting Nigerians and non-Nigerians alike; which has made Nigeria federating states unsafe for any meaningful socio-economic development to thrive. To achieve this, two objectives were stated to include, underscore the overarching relevance of intelligent gathering in preventing crime and understand the elaborateness of intelligence gathering that can be utilized to mitigate crimes outcomes. The study found that intelligence gathering is the disconnect that has precipitated this state of affairs in Nigeria. Equally responsible is the people’s loyalty which is first and foremost skewed to ethnoreligious and political considerations instead of the country. It was recommended among other appeals to include: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) of Nigeria which is the coordinating security agency should be properly funded and personnel trained in modern intelligence gathering techniques, the unnecessary bickering, in-fighting for superiority between and among security agencies in Nigeria should be discouraged because this itself is a big challenge in security equation of Nigeria; and serious effort should be made to stop the politicization of security intelligence gathering matters based on tribe, ethnic group, religious and political affiliations.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is the Time Right for a Paradigm Shift? Where we have been and where we Might be Going 现在是转变思维模式的好时机吗?我们在哪里，我们可能会去哪里

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.14

P. J. Verrecchia

引用次数: 0

Justice-Involved Veterans & Social Work: A Resource Dependence Theory Perspective 参与正义的退伍军人与社会工作:资源依赖理论的视角

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13

B. Schaffer

{"title":"Justice-Involved Veterans & Social Work: A Resource Dependence Theory Perspective","authors":"B. Schaffer","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.13","url":null,"abstract":"The salience of justice-involved military veterans endures as a pervasive social problem in the United States of America (USA). Since the 1980’s the percentages of Justice-Involved Veterans (JIV) have varied from a reduction in Vietnam to increasing numbers of Global War on Terror (GWOT) veterans (Bureau of Justice Statistics Report, 2015). In response, there has been a proliferation of magistrate diversion, correctional specialty units, Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) and programming for JIV. Much of the progress is due to concerted identification and organizational sharing of resources. The USA Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), courts, corrections and non-profit organizations (NPO) provide a valuable service to our military men and women to remediate the JIV needs. Social work plays at critical in practice areas at the penal, VA and NPO systems in the USA. The JIV population are examined through the lens of social work practice, resource dependence theory (RDT), case example and future direction. The examination highlights the importance of internal and external resources and partnerships to meet organizational goals and to remediate JIV psycho-social problems.","PeriodicalId":37236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45327402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control Issues: Examining the Relationship between Low Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence for both Perpetrators and Victims 控制问题：犯罪者和受害者的低自我控制与亲密伴侣暴力之间的关系

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.12

Sriram Chintakrindi, Suditi Gupta

引用次数: 0

Peacebuilding Strategies in Nigeria’s Ethnic Space: Specific Focus on Conflict-Spot in Kaduna Communities 尼日利亚族裔空间的建设和平战略:特别关注卡杜纳社区的冲突地点

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.11

K. Lamidi, Oluseyi Idowu Olaleye, B. A. Taleat

引用次数: 0