IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Large-area low-loss fibers and advanced amplifiers for high-capacity long-haul optical networks [Invited]","authors":"B. Zhu, D. Peckham, A. McCurdy, R. Lingle, B. Pálsdóttir, M. Yan, P. Wisk, D. DiGiovanni","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.000A55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.000A55","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews recent progress on ultra-large-area low-loss fibers for next-generation high-capacity terrestrial long-haul optical networks. The key optical fiber properties of new class fibers are described, and their impact on the transmission performance for 400 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed multilevel modulation coherent transmissions is discussed. The practical consideration of the large-area fibers, such as splicing and cabling for terrestrial transport systems, is also briefly addressed. In addition, we describe two advanced optical fiber amplifier technologies that will improve the efficiency in utilization of optical networking and reduce total system costs. The design and performance of an arrayed optical fiber amplifier using a compact ribbonized Er-doped fiber (EDF) for next-generation reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer nodes are discussed, and the performance characteristics of complementary Raman/EDFA, which has +70 nm bandwidth for seamless C+L-band transmissions, are described. Finally, we present the experimental demonstration of transmission of 34.6 Tb/s in 70 nm single band over 2400 km fiber.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switchless elastic rate node (SERANO) architecture: A universal node for optical grooming and adaptive networking","authors":"E. Kosmatos, T. Orphanoudakis, C. Matrakidis, A. Stavdas, A. Lord","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.00A162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.00A162","url":null,"abstract":"The switchless elastic rate node (SERANO) is an elastic optical network block architecture facilitating reduction in network cost and blocking due to spectral fragmentation while extending the capacity-reach product in translucent optical networks. We present an analytical mathematical method for minimizing the number of transceivers that are solely used to construct this block, albeit a finite blocking probability. Moreover, based on a realistic traffic matrix and making use of a networking planning tool, we deduce a SERANO's block dimension for BT's national backbone network. Finally, we estimate the conditions under which the cost of a SERANO block is lower to the corresponding electronic switch for providing important networking functions like 3R regeneration, defragmentation, and network reoptimization.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130663469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using 25 GbE client rates to access the gains of adaptive bit- and code-rate networking","authors":"D. Ives, P. Wright, A. Lord, S. Savory","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.000A86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.000A86","url":null,"abstract":"For transmission within optical mesh networks, different signal routes acquire different impairments and are received with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The SNR can be utilized through adaptive bit- and code-rate modulation, which leads to data rates that are not multiples of the preferred 100 GbE client rate. This paper considers the use of slower 25 GbE lanes both with inverse multiplexed 100 GbE client rates and with native 25 GbE client rates and compares network blocking performance. The use of inverse multiplexed 100 GbE client data on four 25 GbE lanes accesses the lion's share of stranded capacity within the network.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128649026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of client- and line-side flexibility in the lifecycle of next-generation transport networks [Invited]","authors":"A. Eira, M. Quagliotti, J. Pedro","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.00A101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.00A101","url":null,"abstract":"Fast developments in the transport network ecosystem are putting into question the foundations on which to base next-generation backbone networks. Flexibility is touted as an essential requirement to cope with traffic increasing in volume and unpredictability. Based on this principle, flexible transmission modules such as the sliceable bandwidth-variable transponder (SBVT) have been proposed to exploit the networking advantages of flexible-grid networks and more advanced modulation formats. Although the network-wide benefits of SBVTs have been the object of many studies, these do not usually consider the type of client architectures supporting them, which is critical in order to account for constraint introduced by specific architectures and emulate an operator's management of its network infrastructure over time in a convincing way. The purpose of this paper is to perform a realistic techno-economic comparison between architectures based on fixed and flexible client- and line-side elements. The relevant parameters regarding cost, traffic, and equipment availability over each planning period are modeled and conveyed to a multi-period optimization framework based on integer linear programming models tailored to cost-effectively dimension the network for each client- and line-side architecture. The simulation examines the impact in each scenario of shifting client traffic patterns (from 10G/100G to 100G/400G) and the gradual introduction of higher-capacity network elements. Its results provide insight on the cost and spectrum utilization impact of deploying fixed transponders or SBVTs, coupled with fixed and flexible client-to-line interconnections, and how each of these alternatives copes with aggregated traffic increases of 400% over several years in national and pan-European backbone network topologies.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible optical cross-connects for high bit rate elastic photonic transport networks [Invited]","authors":"M. Song, E. Pincemin, A. Josten, B. Baeuerle, D. Hillerkuss, J. Leuthold, R. Rudnick, D. Marom, S. Ben Ezra, J. Ferran, G. Thouénon, P. Khodashenas, J. Rivas-Moscoso, C. Betoule, D. Klonidis, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.00A126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.00A126","url":null,"abstract":"We present here the work performed in the EU-funded flexible optical cross-connect (FOX-C) project, which investigates and develops new flexible optical switching solutions with ultra-fine spectral granularity. Thanks to high spectral resolution filtering elements, the sub-channel content can be dropped from or added to a super-channel, offering high flexibility to optical transport networks through the fine adaptability of the network resources to the traffic demands. For the first time, the FOX-C solutions developed in the project are investigated here and evaluated experimentally. Their efficiency is demonstrated over two high spectral efficiency modulation schemes, namely multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) and Nyquist WDM (N-WDM) formats. Finally, in order to demonstrate the relevance of the FOX-C node concepts, a networking study comparing the economic advantages of the FOX-C optical aggregation solution versus the electronic one is performed.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130913992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid modulation formats enabling elastic fixed-grid optical networks","authors":"F. Guiomar, Rixin Li, C. Fludger, A. Carena, V. Curri","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.000A92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.000A92","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze hybrid modulation formats as an effective technology for the implementation of flexible transponders that are capable of trading off the delivered data rate by the lightpath quality of transmission with fine granularity. Flexible transponders are an enabling technology that can introduce the elastic paradigm in state-of-the-art networks while maintaining compatibility with the installed equipment, including fibers, mux-demux, and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, as required by telecom operators willing to exploit fixed-grid wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission. We consider two solutions achieving different levels of flexibility and employing different hybridization approaches: time-division (TDHMF) and quadrature-division (Flex-PAM) hybrid modulation formats. We introduce a comprehensive theoretical assessment of back-to-back performances, analyzing different transmitter operating conditions, and we provide an extensive simulation analysis on the propagation of a Nyquist-WDM channel comb over an uncompensated and amplified fiber link. After assessing the impact of nonlinear propagation on the maximum signal reach, we present simple countermeasures for non-linear mitigation and discuss their effectiveness for both TDHMF and Flex-PAM.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic optical networking by dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement","authors":"R. Proietti, Chuan Qin, B. Guan, N. Fontaine, S. Feng, A. Castro, Ryan P. Scott, S. Yoo","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.00A171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.00A171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses elastic optical networking (EON) by dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement (DOAWG/DOAWM) technologies for flexible and agile bandwidth-variable transponders. The ability to generate and measure flexible bandwidth signals with arbitrary modulation formats and subwave-length granularity, as well as superchannels, makes DOAWG/DOAWM an attractive technology for EON. We introduce the DOAWG/DOAWM concept and its application to EON, and we discuss the use and advantages of DOAWG/DOAWM as the technology for a sliceable bandwidth variable transponder (SBV-T). Then we report our most recent experimental demonstration of a two-spectral-slice OAWG-SBV-T experiment to generate a single-carrier 60 Gbaud channel with dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying and dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation formats. Finally, we discuss our current progress on the development of a chip-scale DOAWG on a heterogeneous Si3N4-InP integration platform.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic optical networking in the microsoft cloud [Invited]","authors":"M. Filer, J. Gaudette, Monia Ghobadi, Ratul Mahajan, Tom Issenhuth, Buddy Klinkers, J. Cox","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.000A45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.000A45","url":null,"abstract":"To keep pace with the tremendous bandwidth growth in cloud networking, web-scale providers, such as Microsoft, have been quick to adopt elastic features of modern optical networks. In particular, colorless flexible-grid reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, bandwidth-variable transceivers, and the ability to choose a variety of optical source types are integral for cloud network operators to improve network efficiency while supporting a variety of service types. We take an in-depth look at Microsoft's deployed network infrastructure and discuss the impact of elasticity on network capacity and flexibility. As a proof-of-concept, a new elastic open line system (OLS), in which the line system components and the signal sources are disaggregated, was assembled in a laboratory environment, and 4000 km of propagation over primarily nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber using multiple source types is demonstrated. Finally, the long-term goal of unifying the control plane of the OLS, DWDM signal sources, routers, and Ethernet switches under a single software-defined network controller is briefly addressed.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132109720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network equipment and their procurement strategy for high capacity elastic optical networks","authors":"A. Mitra, D. Ives, A. Lord, S. Savory, Subrat Kar, P. Wright","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.00A201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.00A201","url":null,"abstract":"In elastic optical networks, the success of providing high network capacity depends on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) values of network lightpaths. As each lightpath's OSNR value defines the modulation format and capacity it can support, having high OSNR light-paths is always beneficial. Hence, with a given set of modulation formats, service providers need to optimize their optical infrastructure, including in-line amplifiers and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs), given the size and topology of their core networks. This also will have a direct impact on vendors who need strong insight into the requirements of service providers and their networks in terms of equipment and new technology. Therefore, in this paper a comprehensive model based on the local optimization which leads to a global network optimization (LOGON) strategy of the Gaussian noise (GN) model has been proposed, which helps in estimating the lightpath OSNR and clearly quantifies the noise contributions from in-line amplifiers and post-amplification at the ROADMs. The model introduces closed-form expressions to calculate nonlinear impairment (NLI) contributions for various span lengths while using either erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) or H-Raman amplifiers, which helps in optimizing the signal launch power to achieve maximum link OSNR In addition to this, an offline strategy has been proposed that can help service providers to optimize their procurement of network equipment upfront and give insight into how much of the capacity bottleneck is alleviated in their networks if they do this. To demonstrate all of the above, the UK, Pan-European, and US Core networks have been considered, which illustrate differences in link lengths and reduced node density. It is seen that improving the OSNR conditions at the ROADM increases the network capacity when noise from in-line amplifiers is significantly reduced. Among the three networks, we found that the UK network responded the most to improved OSNR conditions at the ROADM nodes due to small link lengths and less line noise. Among the amplifiers, we found that improving ROADMs while having H-Raman in the links resulted in a maximum capacity increase. For the UK network at FG = 12.5 GHz, the capacity increases by 6650 Gbps, while for the larger Pan-European and US networks, the capacity increase reduces to 4550 and 1600 Gbps due to increased link lengths and line noise. Further, following the offline strategy, we are able to accommodate 1737, 1481, and 615 100G demands using H-Raman for the UK, Pan-EU, and US networks at FG = 12.5 GHz until 10% blocking is reached. Thereby, H-Raman provides 7.5%, 35.8%, and 94.9% extra capacity, respectively, for the UK, Pan-EU, and US. Finally, using H-Raman, all lightpaths in the UK network operate at PM-64QAM with maximum capacity at the end of the procedure.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"14 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy saving through a buffer control approach for a data center network with hybrid optoelectronic routers","authors":"Y. Ohsita, T. Nishijima, Y. Koizumi, M. Murata","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.8.000462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.8.000462","url":null,"abstract":"Data center networks are required to have high energy efficiency as well as high communication performance. One approach to achieving these requirements is to use a hybrid optoelectronic router, which has optical packet switching functionality and packet buffering in an electronic domain. These hybrid optoelectronic routers can cut the power of electronic buffers while maintaining optical packet switching functionality, which enables energy consumption to be reduced while maintaining the required communication performance. The routers, whose buffers can be shut down, depend on the traffic routes; more buffers can be shut down by setting the traffic routes so as to avoid packet collision. However, the routes that avoid packet collision may increase the number of powered-on routers. Therefore, we should select the traffic routes by considering the energy consumption of the routers themselves and their buffers. In this paper, we propose a heuristic route selection method to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the required communication performance. For high energy efficiency, our method efficiently reuses routers and buffers without degrading the required communication performance. Through simulation, we demonstrate that our method reduces the energy consumption significantly compared to methods that do not consider buffer energy consumption or that calculate the shortest traffic routes through the network.","PeriodicalId":371742,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}