Reviews in Agricultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Bioaerosol Sources, Sampling Methods, and Major Categories: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"Panyapon Pumkaeo, H. Iwahashi","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_261","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaerosols are aerosols with biological traces. Recently, based on analytical methods for obtaining biological information, it has been shown that bioaerosols play an important role in the climate change as well as the reproduction and spread of organisms across various ecosystems, they also have biological effects in organisms, including humans. In particular, the nature of bioaerosols has been determined by next-generation sequencing and scanning electron microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sources of bioaerosols, the sampling methods and the technologies used for their investigation. Furthermore, this review discusses the preexisting knowledge about the major categories of biological aerosol particles. This review will provide information on bioaerosols for the beneficial application of this information in future works.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide Association Studies of Agronomic Traits Consisting of Field- and Molecular-based Phenotypes","authors":"Yuki Nakano, Yuriko Kobayashi","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_28","url":null,"abstract":"Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful approach to identify the genetic factors underlying the intraspecific phenotypic variations. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, including next generation sequencing has enabled us to easily genotype high density genome-wide SNPs. In addition, many accessions of various plant species have been widely collected in recent years. These genetic resources have made GWAS a markedly more popular approach for investigation of natural variations occurring in various traits using large populations. In addition to genotyping technology, advances in high-throughput phenotyping technologies have enabled us to acquire variation data on a large number of accessions characterized for various traits, including not only the field traits (e.g., yield and disease resistance) but also molecular traits (e.g., gene expression level and metabolite content). Thus, it is possible to expand the range of application of GWAS and enhance the detection power of genomic association. In this review, we summarize recent GWAS of various agronomic traits at field and molecular scale, following which we highlight the integration approach involving GWAS and high-throughput phenotyping technologies including transcriptome, ionome and metabolome.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7831/ras.8.0_28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic Investigation of Piano Key Weir","authors":"L. Tuan, K. Hiramatsu","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_310","url":null,"abstract":"Piano Key weir is a modified labyrinth weir that uses cantilevered up- and downstream overhangs in order to restrict its basis length. The small footprint on foundation of Piano Key weirs allows an easier placement on the crest of the existing dams such as concrete gravity dams and arch dams. The recent studies have shown that this new type of weir can provide more than four times as much discharge capacity as a traditional ogee-crested weir can at a defined hydraulic head and a constant width occupied by the structure on the dam. However, until now, there is not yet an empirical method that considered all of the published experimental data due to its geometric complexity. The aim of this present paper is to summarize the most pertinent information on Piano Key weir hydraulics in the preceding articles in order to provide a better understanding of how this innovative weir type operates and what the future researches which warrant further investigation are.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Pulp: An Industrial By-product with Uses in Agriculture, Nutrition and Biotechnology","authors":"Marin Carmen, Zelada-Castillo Lorena, Vásquez-Arqueros Alexander, V. Amandio, Siche Raúl","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_323","url":null,"abstract":"The coffee shell or pulp is the first by-product obtained from the processing of coffee. It represents approximately 40 to 50% of the coffee berry’s weight. Currently, in much of the industry, it is a waste product with a major environmental impact on the water and soil, flora and fauna, and a problem to nearby populations in terms of odor and proliferation of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. This is a review that compiles alternative uses of coffee pulp in agriculture, food and nutrition, medicine and biotechnology. In food and agriculture, for example, the pulp can be used as organic fertilizer to improve degraded soils, in the biological control of plant pathogens, as food or substrate for microorganisms and worms, as feed for chickens, sheep, goats, fish and other animals, and in the productions of foods and beverages for human consumption. In biotechnology, coffee pulp can be used in the cultivation of edible fungi, production of enzymes, substrate for caffeine degrading microorganisms and for microorganisms that produce natural fungicides. Although many of these applications have been proposed and studied, there are also several novel uses that are in the early stages of development; for example, the use of pulp bioactive compounds to make food supplements, or to increase dietary fiber contents in foods and beverages, as well as for the production of biocontainers and biopackaging, alternatives to plastics and their serious environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Acoustic Study on the Texture of Cellular Brittle Foods","authors":"Xuanpeng Wang, Njane Stephen Njehia, N. Katsuno, T. Nishizu","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_170","url":null,"abstract":"Crispness, crunchiness and crackliness are the essential qualities for food that is cellularly brittle. The relationship between acoustic sensations and perception of texture has been studied in cellular brittle foods. This article aims to review the progress of measuring acoustics in brittle food to predict human perception of sound/vibration. In doing so, the techniques used for sound/vibration recording, acoustic parameters related to food sensory properties, and the stimulus test of acoustic/vibration on human perception of food texture will be reviewed. Lastly, the mainstream direction of this field of research will be summarized. Additionally, prospective research for the future in this area of study is provided.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Various Environmental Changes Surrounding Paddy Field on Its Water Demand in Japan","authors":"Suozhu, Marju Ben Sayed, M. Senge","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_199","url":null,"abstract":"This review article aims to summarize and analyze comprehensively the impacts of various environmental changes surrounding the paddy fields after the World War II on each component of the irrigation water requirement in the paddy field. And it will serve as an introduction to typical water management and irrigation planning for paddy field in Japan. As a result, it could be explained that many factors such as “separated irrigation and drainage canals”, “pipeline irrigation”, “well-drained field”, “a large-size lot”, “rotational use of paddy field”, “direct seeding”, and “urbanization” enhanced to increase the water requirement and decrease the reuse of irrigation water, which resulted in promoting to increase the total water demand for the paddy field. For this reason, it is difficult to reduce the irrigation water demand with the decrease of paddy field areas.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals as environmental risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: from the perspective of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and oxidative stress","authors":"Jobaida Akther, A. Nabi, A. Ebihara","doi":"10.7831/RAS.7.0_68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/RAS.7.0_68","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs were responsible for approximately 31% of all global deaths in 2016, and 85% of all CVD deaths are due to heart attack and stroke. The underlying process in the blood vessels that results in heart attack and stroke is atherosclerosis. A recent study indicated that exposure to environmental toxic heavy metals is associated with an increased risk of CVDs. In this review, we focus on several heavy metals as environmental risk factors for CVDs: arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium and iron. The pathological contribution of these heavy metals to the alternation of two molecular mechanisms: the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and oxidative stress has been discussed. The etiology of heavy metal-induced CVDs is viewed from the perspective of RAAS and oxidative stress. The significance of environmental improvement for better health will also be considered. low Recently, Chowdhury conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies that investigated the association of five metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cu) with the risk of CVDs. The authors identified 37 unique studies comprising 348,259 non-overlapping participants, with 13,033 cases of coronary heart disease (heart attack), 4,205 cases of stroke, and 15,274 cases of composite CVDs (comprising heart attack and stroke). This study indicates that exposure to As, Pb, Cd and Cu is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (heart attack) and overall CVDs, but Hg is not associated with cardiovascular risk. In addition, the authors carried out a dose-response meta-analysis and observed a linear association (a) between As level in well water and the risk for overall CVDs, (b) between blood Pb level and the risk of heart attack, (c) between urine Cd level and the risk for overall CVDs, and (d) between urine Cd level and the risk of heart attack. This analysis indicates that there is a link between exposure to these metals and risk of CVDs even at low concentrations highlighting the importance of environmental toxic metals in enhancing cardiovascular risks. significant positive correlation (r= 0.3418, p< 0.001) was found between the levels of TBARS (mean 0.66 ± 0.63 nmol/mL) (Akther et al ., 2016) and GST activity (mean = 1.73 ± 0.35 U/L) (Akther et al ., 2016) in the healthy individuals. However, a negative correlation (r= -0.06151, p> 0.05) between these two parameters was observed in the tannery workers though statistically not significant. Here, the negative correlation means that as one of the variables increases, the other tends to decrease. The data were obtained from the study of Akther et al . (2016) and analyzed by GraphPad Prism 7.0 software.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7831/RAS.7.0_68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Filler Characteristics on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composite(s)","authors":"Arif Delviawan, Shigehiko Suzuki, Y. Kojima, H. Kobori","doi":"10.7831/RAS.7.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/RAS.7.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7831/RAS.7.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Physico-Chemical Properties of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) During Drying and Quality Deterioration During Storage","authors":"Xiwu Jia, N. Katsuno, T. Nishizu","doi":"10.7831/ras.8.0_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is one of the most popular fruit products in East Asia, but its properties and consumer acceptance strongly depend on the drying process and storage conditions that are used. The quality of dried persimmon depends on its physical (color, texture) and chemical (tannin levels, sugar content, the presence of white powder on the surface) properties, which are drastically affected by the decrease in moisture content and composition changes that occur during the drying process and storage. Therefore, in the present report, the changes in the physico-chemical properties of dried persimmon that occur during the drying process and its quality degradation during storage are reviewed for providing fundamental information on the production of high-quality dried persimmon and storage management.","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Natural and Synthetic Sources as Skin-lightening Agents","authors":"M. Masum, K. Yamauchi, T. Mitsunaga","doi":"10.7831/RAS.7.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7831/RAS.7.41","url":null,"abstract":"Melanin, a major pigment in mammalian skin, is known to protect the skin against harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The accumulation or over production of melanin can cause esthetic problem as well as serious diseases related to hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase, is a copper-containing enzyme which catalyses two rate–limiting reactions in melanogenesis: the hydroxylation of monophenols to o -diphenols, and the oxidation of o -diphenols to o -quinones. Therefore, inhibition of tyrosinase, is the prime target for researchers to regulate melanin production. Tyrosinase inhibitors with high efficacy and less adverse side effects, have huge demand in cosmetic and medicinal industries due to their preventive effect on pigmentation disorders as well as skin-whitening effect. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of tyrosinase inhibitors from all sources, including synthesized compounds, natural products, virtual screening and structure-based molecular docking studies; by categorized into two parts, mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors. strongest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC 50 0.0167 μ M) compare with standard kojic acid (IC 50 16.69 μ M). The derivative compounds 3 and 8 also showed good tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC 50 6.7 μ M and 6.5 μ M respectively. The kinetic analysis revealed that compounds 3 and 8 showed mixed-type inhibition while 9 is a non-competitive inhibitor having Ki values 19 μ M, 10 μ M, and 0.05 μ M respectively. Docking studies showed that compound 9 have maximum binding affinity against mushroom tyrosinase with binding energy value (-7.90 kcal/mol) as compared to others. From structure–activity relationship, the hydroxy substituted derivatives showed better tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The key factor of inhibitory activity is the substitution pattern of hydroxyl groups at phenyl ring. The derivatives with hydroxy substituted cinnamic acid residue possess greater tyrosinase inhibitory potential as compared to benzoic acids. The compound 9 exhibited excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC 50 0.0167 μ M) bearing 2,4-dihydroxy substituted cinnamic acid residue. The study proposed that the hydroxy substitution pattern on phenyl ring in case of compound 9 impedes the molecule to interact well with the active sites of enzyme. Artocarpus heterophyllous (AH) , popularly known as jackfruit; and is cultivated for its edible fruits, while the wood has been used for its pharmacological values including anti-tyrosinase activities. Nguyen et al . (2016), reported that flavonoids isolated from MeOH extract of the wood of AH showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. They isolated seven compounds from AH which were artocaepin E, artocaepin F, norartocarpetin, artocarpanone, liquiritigenin, steppogenin and dihydromorin with an IC 50 of 6.7 ± 0.8, ˃ 50, ˃ 50, 2.0 ± 0.1, 22.0 ± 2.5, 7.5 ± 0.5 and ˃ 50 μ M, respectively. Artocarpanone (Figure 9B) had the most potent tyrosinase ","PeriodicalId":37168,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7831/RAS.7.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71253578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}