Chemical Engineering Science: X最新文献_第2页

Correlating 3D porous structure in polymer films with mass transport properties using FIB-SEM tomography 利用FIB-SEM断层扫描分析聚合物薄膜中三维多孔结构与质量输运特性的关系

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100109

C. Fager , T. Gebäck , J. Hjärtstam , M. Röding , A. Olsson , N. Lorén , C. von Corswant , A. Särkkä , E. Olsson

{"title":"Correlating 3D porous structure in polymer films with mass transport properties using FIB-SEM tomography","authors":"C. Fager , T. Gebäck , J. Hjärtstam , M. Röding , A. Olsson , N. Lorén , C. von Corswant , A. Särkkä , E. Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porous polymer coatings are used to control drug release from pharmaceutical products. The coating covers a drug core and depending on the porous structure, different drug release rates are obtained. This work presents mass transport simulations performed on porous ethyl cellulose films with different porosities. The simulations were performed on high spatial resolution 3D data obtained using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. The effective diffusion coefficient of water was determined using a diffusion chamber. Lattice Boltzmann simulations were used to simulate water diffusion in the 3D data. The simulated coefficient was in good agreement with the measured coefficient. From the results it was concluded that the tortuosity and constrictivity of the porous network increase with decreasing amount of added hydroxypropyl cellulose, resulting in a sharp decrease in effective diffusion. This work shows that high spatial resolution 3D data is necessary, and that 2D data is insufficient, in order to predict diffusion through the porous structure with high accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effect of Mn-dopant on carburization of the Fe3O4 catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis mn掺杂对费托合成中Fe3O4催化剂渗碳的影响

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100106

Xiaoxue Han , Ying Li , Huiyong Gong , Yifei Wang , Jing Lv , Yue Wang , Shouying Huang , Xinbin Ma

{"title":"Effect of Mn-dopant on carburization of the Fe3O4 catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis","authors":"Xiaoxue Han , Ying Li , Huiyong Gong , Yifei Wang , Jing Lv , Yue Wang , Shouying Huang , Xinbin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By experimental and density functional theory (DFT) methods, we investigated the effect of Mn on the carburization of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Freshly prepared Mn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>3-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.27 and 1) nanoparticles as representative model bulk FTS catalysts were carburized by exposing to syngas. The oxide nanoparticles and the corresponding carburized samples were then characterized using XRD, XPS, TEM and MES. To mimic the experiments, a slab modelling the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(311) surface doped with different number of Mn atoms were constructed in the DFT calculations. Our results showed that Mn doping hindered the carburization of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and stabilizes the reduction intermediate at FeO. This is attributed to the enhanced affinity of O atoms in the presence of Mn-dopant, making removal of O difficult. The work provides guidance for catalysts design and activation for FTS process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Review of researches on H2S splitting cycle for hydrogen production via low-temperature route H2S裂解循环低温制氢研究综述

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100107

Xiaoling Li , Ke Zhang , Liping Chang , Hui Wang

引用次数: 6

Experimental and numerical insights into heterogeneous liquid-solid behaviour in drinking water softening reactors 饮用水软化反应器中非均相液固行为的实验和数值分析

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100100

T.M.J. Nijssen , O.J.I. Kramer , P.J. de Moel , J. Rahman , J.P. Kroon , P. Berhanu , E.S. Boek , K.A. Buist , J.P. van der Hoek , J.T. Padding , J.A.M. Kuipers

{"title":"Experimental and numerical insights into heterogeneous liquid-solid behaviour in drinking water softening reactors","authors":"T.M.J. Nijssen , O.J.I. Kramer , P.J. de Moel , J. Rahman , J.P. Kroon , P. Berhanu , E.S. Boek , K.A. Buist , J.P. van der Hoek , J.T. Padding , J.A.M. Kuipers","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid-solid fluidisation is frequently encountered in drinking water treatment processes, for instance in seeded crystallisation softening processes. For modest superficial fluid velocities, liquid–solid fluidisation systems are generally considered to be homogeneous, as reported in literature. However, during fluidisation experiments with calcite grains, open spaces of water can be observed between the fluidised particles, even at relatively low fluid velocities. Moreover, significant heterogeneous particle–fluid patterns are detected at higher fluid velocities. Such heterogeneous behaviour can beneficially or adversely affect the chemical crystallisation efficiency. To obtain information about voids in bulk regions, complementary Computational Fluid Dynamics - Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations were performed and compared with the experimental results for validation. Simulations were performed using different water inlet velocities and fractionised calcite granules obtained from full-scale reactors. Here, the results are analysed using the bed height, voidage and pressure drop of the system. Furthermore, images of the experiments and simulations are visually compared for the formation of voids. The simulations showed distinct differences in void fraction in the cross-section of the column. It is shown that throughout the range of considered water velocities, heterogeneous behaviour exists and cannot be neglected. The heterogeneity and onset of fluidisation behaviour obtained from the simulations and experimental observations were compared and found to agree reasonably well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49378631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Engineering dual-heterogeneous membrane surface with heterostructured modifier to integrate multi-defense antifouling mechanisms 工程双异质膜表面加异质结构改性剂，集成多防防污机制

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100103

Runnan Zhang , Yu Zheng , Niaz Ali Khan , Kang Gao , Shiyu Zhang , Chao Yang , Jingyuan Guan , Roni Kasher , Zhongyi Jiang

{"title":"Engineering dual-heterogeneous membrane surface with heterostructured modifier to integrate multi-defense antifouling mechanisms","authors":"Runnan Zhang , Yu Zheng , Niaz Ali Khan , Kang Gao , Shiyu Zhang , Chao Yang , Jingyuan Guan , Roni Kasher , Zhongyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Membrane fouling is one of the main bottlenecks in membrane separation processes for water purification. Due to the complexity of foulants, engineering the membrane surface to coordinate multi-defense mechanisms is essential for fabricating membranes with broad-spectrum antifouling performance. In this study, we synthesized a heterostructured modifier comprising zwitterionic, fluorine-containing polymeric segments and inorganic silver nanoparticles. The heterostructured modifiers were synergistically segregated to the membrane surface during non-solvent induced phase separation. A dual-heterogeneous surface structure was formed, compromising physicochemical heterogeneity with hydrophilic-low surface energy-antibacterial domains, as well as topological heterogeneity with nanopapillae. Consequently, multi-defense mechanisms including passive fouling resistance, fouling release and active antibacterial mechanisms were integrated to the membrane surface, leading to superior antifouling performances against oil-in-water emulsions with ultralow total flux decline ratio of 3.3% and the flux recovery ratio of nearly 100%, as well as nearly 100% antibacterial activity against <em>E. Coli</em> with an obvious inhibition zone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Centrifugal force caused high-density rotating downward quasi-plug flow in cyclone reactors 离心力在旋流反应器中引起高密度向下旋转的准塞流

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100101

Baoping Zhang , Jingxuan Yang , Qiang Zheng , Wenhao Lian , Zhonglin Zhang , Xiaogang Hao , Guoqing Guan

{"title":"Centrifugal force caused high-density rotating downward quasi-plug flow in cyclone reactors","authors":"Baoping Zhang , Jingxuan Yang , Qiang Zheng , Wenhao Lian , Zhonglin Zhang , Xiaogang Hao , Guoqing Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model is used to simulate particle motions in the cyclone reactor, which reveals that the particles accumulate near the reactor wall due to the centrifugal effect, and with the increase in particle flux, their distribution pattern evolves from a uniform circumferential distribution to a local accumulation state and eventually develops into a particle belt pattern. No matter how the particles are distributed, they rotate downward in a form of “quasi-plug flow”. Most extant literatures report that the movement of particles always leads to the formation of an “accelerated quasi-plug” under the free-fall with the action of gravity. However, in this study, it is found that the rotating downflow exhibits “decelerated quasi-plug” or “constant velocity quasi-plug” behavior. Given similar particle flux and residence time in the reactor, the particle residence time distribution under the rotating downflow is narrower than that under the free-fall, and closer to an ideal plug flow. Meanwhile, centrifugal effects also significantly increase the solid holdup, permitting high-density operation of cyclone reactors even under the condition of lower inlet particle flux.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"104356382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Perspectives on reactive separation and removal of hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢反应分离与脱除研究进展

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100105

Kalyani Jangam, Yu-Yen Chen, Lang Qin, Liang-Shih Fan

{"title":"Perspectives on reactive separation and removal of hydrogen sulfide","authors":"Kalyani Jangam, Yu-Yen Chen, Lang Qin, Liang-Shih Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for energy and stringent pollutant emission control in sour fuels makes it essential to develop more efficient approaches in H<sub>2</sub>S gas removal and subsequent treatment to recover sulfur. Several methods using oxidative or non-oxidative decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>S to remove or inhibit H<sub>2</sub>S from gas stream have been extensively explored over the past few decades, including catalytic process, reactive absorption, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, thermal catalysis, membrane-assisted catalysis, and multistep thermochemical decomposition. This article reviews the recent advances in reactive H<sub>2</sub>S separation combining computational simulation with experimental development. In particular, material and catalyst design, mechanistic insights of the reactions, and applicable reaction processes are discussed. These pioneering works suggest that understanding H<sub>2</sub>S decomposition reaction mechanism at molecular level is important in the optimization of material and process design. The perspectives are also given on the viability of oxidative or non-oxidative decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>S.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46809913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The structural effect of Ni/ZrO2 on the formation and the reactivity of the carbon formed from methane decomposition Ni/ZrO2的结构对甲烷分解碳的形成和反应性的影响

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100104

Xue Hu , Xinyu Jia , Chang-jun Liu

{"title":"The structural effect of Ni/ZrO2 on the formation and the reactivity of the carbon formed from methane decomposition","authors":"Xue Hu , Xinyu Jia , Chang-jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the structural effect of the plasma decomposed Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst and the thermally calcined Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst on the formation and the reactivity of the carbon formed from methane decomposition was investigated. The plasma prepared Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst possesses smaller Ni particle size with Ni (111) as the principally exposed facet, which favors the formation of the carbon with enhanced reactivity towards carbon dioxide. The Ni (111) facet benefits the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attached to Ni nanoparticles at the top and suppresses the formation of onion-like carbon which encapsulates Ni active sites. Besides, CNTs on the plasma-treated catalyst show smaller diameter sizes with lower graphitization degree, which are easier to be converted. Therefore, the plasma prepared catalyst presents a higher carbon resistance. The present work well explains the improved activity and stability of the plasma prepared Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of methane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49605681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enhanced water-selective performance of dual-layer hybrid membranes by incorporating carbon nanotubes 碳纳米管增强双层杂化膜的水选择性能

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100102

Fusheng Pan , Chenliang Cao , Guanhua Liu , Zhongyi Jiang

{"title":"Enhanced water-selective performance of dual-layer hybrid membranes by incorporating carbon nanotubes","authors":"Fusheng Pan , Chenliang Cao , Guanhua Liu , Zhongyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water-selective membranes are utilized in many fields such as wastewater treatment, desalination, organic solvent dehydration. In this study, dual-layer hybrid membranes were designed and prepared through electrostatic interactions for ethanol dehydration. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) with carboxyl decorated carbon nanotubes (CNT-C) was spin-coated on porous hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) substrate as one active layer and then coated with sodium alginate (Alg) layer as another active layer. The hydrophobic outside surface of CNT-C provided the abundant paths for the fast water transport, which facilitated the water permeation. Meanwhile, the incorporated CNT-C increased the surface roughness and enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membranes. PEI improved the dispersion of CNT and interfacial compatibilities within membranes. The resultant dual-layer hybrid membranes acquired enhanced separation performance when utilized for pervaporation dehydration of 90 wt% ethanol aqueous solution. The permeation flux was increased by 15% to 2825 g/(m<sup>2</sup>h) and the separation factor was increased by 1.70 times to 2148, compared with the Alg/PEI/HPAN membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109247858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

WITHDRAWN: Density-based turbulence damping at large-scale interface for Reynolds-averaged two-fluid models 基于密度的雷诺平均双流体模型大尺度界面湍流阻尼

Chemical Engineering Science: X Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/J.CESX.2021.100108

Z. Dong, M. Bürgler, B. Hohermuth, D. Vetsch

引用次数: 6