Chemical Engineering Science: X最新文献

{"title":"CES-X Editorial: Journal discontinuation notice","authors":"Anton P.J. Middelberg (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259014002200003X/pdfft?md5=5f973a4f6c8ba2d0915aa641585e17fc&pid=1-s2.0-S259014002200003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47531422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equilibrium mass transfer coefficients for a dilute species diffusing between laminar counter flowing streams derived from the corresponding eigenvalue problem for the advection–diffusion equation","authors":"C.A. Catlin","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The equilibrium mass transfer coefficients for a dilute species diffusing between two steady counter flowing fluid streams are derived from the eigenvalue problem for the laminar advection–diffusion equation. Both uniform and non-uniform velocity profiles are considered. A numerical method is first used to evaluate the limitations of the uniform velocity approximation and then to judge the accuracy of the derived approximate formulae. With a uniform velocity, the lowest order linear approximation is found to yield a fundamentally different formula to that based upon classical film theory. A key distinction is that the solutions enable the individual stream coefficients to be determined from experimental data, as opposed to the one overall value provided by film theory. The formulae are given in the form of fourth order polynomials in the driving force with high predictive accuracy only being achieved when all the terms are used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590140022000028/pdfft?md5=9774d7ba15cc62e0ebeccd72a4539abc&pid=1-s2.0-S2590140022000028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136920835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transfer analysis and kinetic modeling for process design of countercurrent membrane supported reactive extraction of carboxylic acids","authors":"Angelo Gössi ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Riedl ,&nbsp;Boelo Schuur","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Countercurrent membrane supported reactive extraction (MSRE) was studied for removal of carboxylic acids from aqueous streams with a PTFE capillary membrane. Analysis of the mass transfer rates was performed to support modeling of the process. Total mass transfer coefficients ranging from 2.0·10^-7 to 4.0·10^-7 m/s were obtained when extracting lactic acid with 20 wt% tri-N-octyl amine in 1-decanol with membrane thicknesses of 260 µm and 80 µm. The limiting mass transfer resistance in all experiments was in the membrane phase. The developed model based on mass transfer and reaction in parallel allows to predict countercurrent extraction. Experimental validation with 5, 7 and 12 m long membrane modules showed excellent accordance for two acids, validating the model simulations. Simulated membrane contactor lengths required for single, two and three countercurrent stages varied between 10 and 39 m/stage for lactic, mandelic, succinic, itaconic and citric acid, depending on acid, membrane, and diluent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590140021000320/pdfft?md5=a88441c00ae1c0fed4206ac7c53a0b52&pid=1-s2.0-S2590140021000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48508689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments and simulations on a cold-flow blast furnace hearth model","authors":"Tim M.J. Nijssen ,&nbsp;Indy Hoeks ,&nbsp;Vishwanath Manjunath ,&nbsp;Hans A.M. Kuipers ,&nbsp;Jan van der Stel ,&nbsp;Allert T. Adema ,&nbsp;Kay A. Buist","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2022.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The blast furnace hearth plays an important role in the operational stability and lifetime of the reactor. The quasi-stagnant bed of coke particles termed the deadman undergoes complex interaction with the flowing hot metal, and remains largely ill-understood. In this work, a cold model blast furnace hearth is presented, and studied using both numerical and experimental techniques. Magnetic Particle Tracking (MPT) is used to investigate the individual particle behaviour within the cylindrical, opaque bed. At high liquid holdup, the particle bed was found to alternate between floating and sitting states, following the liquid level during the tapping and filling cycle. This bed motion was found to induce a migration of particles, thereby slowly renewing the deadman. The rate of horizontal migration increases with the vertical bed amplitude, and the renewal of particles is concentrated around the opening of the tap hole. No direct influence of the coke-free space on the tapping rate was found in these experiments. Instead, the disturbance of the packing in front of the tap hole was observed to lead to a higher tapping rate. Additionally, a coupled numerical framework is presented, in which Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) are combined. A simulation set-up is presented which closely replicates the experimental conditions. The position and movement of the floating bed are found to be well-predicted by the VOF/CFD-DEM model. Particle trajectories are presented, and migration of particles within the deadman is observed. Alongside the particle motion, the liquid flow pattern during draining of the vessel is visualised. It is concluded that a coke-free space underneath the deadman significantly impacts the shape of the liquid flow pattern, which affects the erosion processes within the blast furnace hearth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590140022000016/pdfft?md5=c95d927416393f0437309e36f5c0387c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590140022000016-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-speed image processing of fluid particle breakage in turbulent flow","authors":"Nicolas La Forgia,&nbsp;Eirik Helno Herø,&nbsp;Hugo Atle Jakobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visualization and analysis of size and shape of fluid particles breakage in turbulent flow have been studied using high speed cameras and an image processing technique. The focus of this experimental research was set to investigate and discuss the accuracy and uncertainties of the different measurements obtained through image processing. The discussion presented shows different aspects in which image processing can affect the accuracy of the measurements obtained, with particular emphasis on the effects of the sizes determination of fluid particles. A novel approach for image segmentation is also presented and compared. We found that a higher accuracy can be achieved when this method is used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590140021000307/pdfft?md5=8d0aa1d279eee08922c9343ca6d44bb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2590140021000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49421956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational particle fluid dynamics simulation of biomass gasification in an entrained flow gasifier","authors":"Ramesh Timsina,&nbsp;Rajan K Thapa,&nbsp;Britt M.E. Moldestad,&nbsp;Marianne S. Eikeland","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Entrained flow gasification is an established technology for coal and petroleum coke particles. The technology is being investigated extensively for biomass gasification to meet the requirement of the green energy targets. A three-dimensional computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) model is developed to simulate an Entrained Flow (EF) gasification reactor. The model is validated against experimental gas composition and process temperature reported from an experiment published in the literature. The interdependence between reactor hydrodynamics, thermal and reaction chemistry is demonstrated and described for an EF reactor. Simulations show zones of high and low temperatures suggesting different reaction zones, such as a partial combustion zone near the fuel injector followed by a gasification zone. Particles in the central region show high carbon conversion compared to the particles in the other zones. Char- O₂ and char-H₂O are significant in the gasifier entrance region, whereas the char-CO₂ reaction is prevalent throughout the reactor elevation. The optimal gasification performance (higher mole fraction of CO and H₂) is in the range of equivalence ratio 0.3 to 0.44.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91708209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Elevated Hydrogen Partial Pressure on Mixed Culture Homoacetogenesis","authors":"Vasan Sivalingam ,&nbsp;Tone Haugen ,&nbsp;Alexander Wentzel ,&nbsp;Carlos Dinamarca","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of elevated hydrogen partial pressure on mixed culture homoacetogenesis in the range of 1–25 bar. Seven batch experiments were performed at different initial headspace pressures, i.e., 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 bar. The 15 bar batch showed the highest gas uptake rate (6.22 mol h⁻¹L⁻¹) and volatile fatty acids synthesis (3.55 g L⁻¹) by a final microbial consortium that was found to be largely reduced in complexity compared to the original inoculum culture and dominated by members of the <em>Pseudomonadaceae</em> and <em>Clostridiaceae</em>. Product distribution shifted from acetate to C₃-C₅ acids at a pressure above 15 bar. 15 bar was found to be the optimum elevated pressure for the used mixed culture fermentation medium and biodiversity used in this study, and pressure above 15 bar inhibited the microbial consortia and resulted in lowered gas uptake rate and product synthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590140021000319/pdfft?md5=8cace1d5db9e0bf0cbc3dab82078e64d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590140021000319-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44305384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single oil drop breakage in water: Impact of turbulence level in channel flow","authors":"Eirik H. Herø,&nbsp;Nicolas La Forgia,&nbsp;Jannike Solsvik,&nbsp;Hugo A. Jakobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single octanol droplet fragmentations in channel flow have been investigated by use of high speed imaging. The resulting raw data have been analyzed, interpreted and used to elucidate the fluid particle breakage phenomena, enabling improved understanding and motivating development of more universal population balance equation closures. The breakage kernel functions considered are the breakage time, the breakage probability, the average number of daughters and the daughter size distribution. These functions have been determined from the same set of data ensure consistency. The impact of the drop size and the turbulent energy dissipation rate on the different kernel functions were investigated. The breakage probability and average number of daughters functions correlate reasonably with the Weber number. Similarly, the breakage time correlates adequately with known model concepts. However, the correlations may not be considered universal as the parameter values obtained are not in agreement with values reported in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96957216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co2P wrapped Co3O4 grass-like nanowires for improved electrochemical performance in supercapacitors","authors":"Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Yamei Tian ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Jinping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitor has gained a lot of popularity due to its superior power density than batteries. However, the poor energy density has become the impetus for the research of electrode materials with both high energy density and power density. In this paper, grass-like Co₃O₄@Co₂P nanowires are prepared by a facile two-step method comprised of hydrothermal process and high temperature solid phase phosphating. As expect, the as-prepared sample shows an enhanced electrochemical performance. The specific capacity of Co₃O₄@Co₂P can reach 652.1 C/g (1304.2 F/g) at a current density of 1 A/g, which is much higher than that of Co₃O₄ (228.5C/g). The rate capability and the cycling stability of Co₃O₄@Co₂P are 64.3% at 10 A/g and 84% after 4000 cycles, respectively. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSCs) has been assembled with Co₃O₄@Co₂P as positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as negative electrodes. The maximum energy density and power density of HSC device are 31.3 Wh/kg and 8018.4 W/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the HSC device shows a cycling stability of 100% at the current density of 7 A/g after 10,000 cycles. These excellent properties show the potential applications of Co₃O₄@Co₂P in the field of supercapacitors with high energy and power density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91778930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High energy dissipation rates from the impingement of free paper-thin sheets of liquids: A study of the coefficient of restitution of the collision","authors":"Robert J. Demyanovich","doi":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The micromixing time of impinging thin liquid sheets depends upon the energy dissipation rate, which is typically<!--> <!-->10⁴ to 10⁶ W/kg. The energy dissipation rate in the impingement zone is a function of the coefficient of restitution (<em>COR</em>) of the collision. In this study the<!--> <em>COR</em> was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. An analytical expression was developed that consists of a term that accounts for an inelastic collision of impinging sheets and a term that quantifies the “elasticity” imparted to the collision once the critical velocity for backflow is reached. The theoretical results were compared with experiments that determined the<!--> <em>COR</em> by measuring the velocity of single sheets and mixed sheets. Not only do the experimental results show a jump in the<!--> <em>COR</em> at the critical velocity, as predicted by theory, but calculated values of the<!--> <em>COR</em> from the analytical expression compare well with measured values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37148,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Science: X","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"94712708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}