Human and Social Studies最新文献

{"title":"Political and Military Developments in the Byzantine Empire During the 11th Century","authors":"Muhamet Qerimi, M. Mala","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For the Byzantine Empire, at the end of the first quarter of the 11thcentury, a new period starts, which in the historiography opinion is generalized as the period of the rule of bureaucratic aristocracy of the capital city. This covers the period 1025-1081, which was characterized by disintegration in the state system and failures in the field of internal and foreign politics. The political crisis at its beginning did not appear clearly, because bureaucratic aristocracy came to power following the thriving period that Byzantine Empire had experienced until then, known as the golden age of the empire. After a calm developmental beginning, the period commenced to be characterized by some developments of decentralizing character. Heirs of the then Byzantine Emperor, Basil II. could not resist enough the separatist movements of feudal and military leaders. Despite these trends towards weakening and separatism, Empire reached that thanks to Komnena dynasty to successfully withstand the challenges that were created by Seljuk Turks and Norman Crusaders. It partially reclaimed its former reputation to continue with the political existence for some more centuries. In these developments, the Byzantine Emperors were supported or often were objected by the non-Byzantine feudal elements that in various cases came from Albania, Bulgaria, Rasha and Zeta.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133003381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Trade in Theory and Policy: Contemporary Challenges","authors":"Daniel Nagel, S. Burnete","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Free trade denotes a state of international commercial relations premised on governments’ restraint from using policy instruments meant to favor indigenous industries against foreign competitors. According to the conventional trade theory advocated by classical and neo-classical thinkers, free trade makes little economic sense failing nations’ tendency to specialize based on comparative advantage, a concept with high persuasive influence despite the elapsing of time. Even though the comparative advantage rule has seldom been questioned per se, the free trade concept has been fiercely disputed and not infrequently, bashed. Nations’ involvement in international trade often follows patterns that do not fit theoretical models but attempt to respond to circumstantial interests, most often the need to protect poorly competitive industries. In common parlance, free trade has had both proponents and enemies.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122662562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of E-Learning Resources Utilization by Students of Tertiary Institutions in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Adekunle Thomas Olutola, Olufunke Omotoke Olatoye, R. Olatoye","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated assessment of e-learning resources utilization by students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State. The descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Three hundred and eighty-one (381) students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State were randomly selected for the study. A researchers’ designed questionnaire titled “Utilization of E-learning Resources Questionnaire” (UERQ) with a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.85 was used to collect data. frequency, percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA statistics were used to analyse the data collected. Findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the e-learning utilization by students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State based on gender and agebut there is significant difference based on class levels and institutions. It was recommended that Nigerian tertiary institutions general studies curriculum should be re-designed to include e-learning utilization training to help the students understand how they can utilize e-learning resources.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors Among Students of an Iranian University (Case Study: Quchan University of Technology)","authors":"Hossein Tireh, D. Farbod, H. Jaafari","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Psychological disorders such as depression are common. Many of these disorders can be evaluated and diagnosed, and above all they are preventable. This study was conducted with the aim of determining depression prevalence rate and its related factors among students of Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 359 students were selected by using simple random sampling. Demographic characteristics were gathered and subjects were evaluated by the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and logistic regression, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized for this purpose. The age mean of students was 21.02±2.57 (Mean, SD). 93 (25.9%) subjects suffer from depression and 266 (74.1%) subjects are not depressed. There is no significant difference between depression and each of these variables: gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, field of study, living in dormitory, and depression (p-value>0.05); but there was significant difference between depressed and non-depressed students in terms of salary, anxiety, educational level, and satisfaction with field of study (p-value<0.05). According to the results, anxiety (OR=0.2), educational level (OR=5.03), satisfaction with field of study (OR=0.5) and monthly income (OR=3.76) impact depression. Improving the students’ consultancy in universities can be helpful to decrease anxiety. In addition, consultants can prepare students for selecting their favorite field of study. Also, it is suggested that university officials provide financial facilities such as interest-free loan for students.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114427332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Cultural Barriers in Translation","authors":"Houssaïne Rifai","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using current terms, translation turns out to be one of the oldest manifestations of globalization in the world. It has also played a leading role in the civilizational development of Arab countries by filling gaps in law, philosophy and medicine. It would then be interesting to demonstrate how the interaction of Morocco and France, before and during the French Protectorate (1912), contributed to the construction of a literature and the transmission of knowledge through translation. To do this, it would be wise to reveal, first, the development of translation in Morocco before and during the French Protectorate, then to elucidate its role in the birth of a literary consciousness. As an extension, we will finally discuss the impact of the French heritage in general, in terms of language on Moroccan Arabic, in our time when the boundaries between the local and the global are blurred.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence, a Universal Phenomenon which Connects Reality to Consciousness, Natural Sciences to Humanities","authors":"Gabriel Crumpei, Alina Gavriluţ","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Progress in neuroscience has left a central question of psychism unanswered: what is consciousness? Modeling the psyche from a computational perspective has helped to develop cognitive neurosciences, but it has also shown their limits, of which the definition, description and functioning of consciousness remain essential. From Rene Descartes, who tackled the issue of psychism as the brain-mind dualism, to Chambers, who defined qualia as the tough, difficult problem of research in neuroscience, many hypotheses and theories have been issued to encompass the phenomenon of consciousness. Neuroscience specialists, such as Giulio Tononi or David Eagleman, consider consciousness as a phenomenon of emergence of all processes that take place in the brain. This hypothesis has the advantage of being supported by progress made in the study of complex systems in which the issue of emergence can be mathematically formalized and analyzed by physical-mathematical models. The current tendency to associate neural networks within the broad scope of network science also allows for a physical-mathematical formalization of phenomenology in neural networks and the construction of information-symbolic models. The extrapolation of emergence at the level of physical systems, biological systems and psychic systems can bring new models that can also be applied to the concept of consciousness. The meaning and significance that seem to structure the nature of consciousness is found as direction of evolution and teleological finality, of integration in the whole system and in any complex system at all scales. Starting from the wave-corpuscle duality in quantum physics, we can propose a model for structuring reality, based on the emergence of systems that contribute to the integration and coherence of the entire reality. Physical-mathematical models based mainly on (mereo)topology can provide a mathematical formalization path, and the paradigm of information could allow the development of a pattern of emergence, that is common to all systems, including the psychic system, the difference being given only by the degree of information complexity. Thus, the mind-brain duality, which has been dominating the representation on psychism for a few centuries, could be solved by an informational approach, describing the connection between object and subject, reality and human consciousness, between mind and brain, thus unifying the perspective on natural sciences and humanities.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Cultures: Between Rejection and Solace","authors":"Simona Modreanu","doi":"10.2478/HSSR-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/HSSR-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"The world is and will definitely remain plural; there is no single truth about human beings, so there cannot be a dominator project. But there are common traits that can become linking elements, through change, with fewer geographic and knowledge limitations. The scientific medium needs to borrow more metaphysics as a way of judging, otherwise it risks to become, with its positivism, a \"murderer of souls\", leading to novel and unpredictable consequences, including its final collapse. Three centuries in which researchers have worked on the statue of Descartes, as the modern incarnation of the spirit, are more than enough. To find the truth and truly live we need to remove the false representations and deforming concepts and \"to dive in the movement of life\", as Bergson put it. Interpretation should never tell us what to believe, think or feel. Interpretation begins with the recognition of the fact that there is not a single way of living, believing, writing or dreaming and that once we all have acknowledged a moral code, all the cultural, political, economical differences can be overcome. Even politics can be moral in spite of what we have been taught to believe in the modern era, the truth and good feelings occur in politics, and can even make it better, because ultimately results matter. Nothing can withstand the power of truth, even if sometimes the road is long and requires caution. In general, for us men, the road to wisdom is tortuous, such as the one from all initiatic routes. But wisdom makes us become worthy of the living knowledge of the truth. Thus, the world can change not only through violence, but also by appealing to the moral power in us and by peacefully addressing our","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131139974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buell Quain (1912-1939): an Ethnologist without a Grave","authors":"E. Thomas","doi":"10.2478/HSSR-2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/HSSR-2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the night of August 2nd to 3rd 1939, the American anthropologist Buell Quain, then working among the Krahô Indians, lacerated his body, opened his veins and ended up hanging himself from a tree by using a rope from his hammock. In several letters dated 2nd August 1939 which he had written and left for his usual correspondents, he mentions a contagious disease to explain his final act. But this reason would be contradicted by many of his last comrades and colleagues. This paper aims to investigate elements that contribute to the understanding of the links between the fieldworker and his subject.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews and Presentations","authors":"Otilia Aioanei","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Diversification Strategies in Promoting Structural Transformation in Zimbabwe","authors":"Mathew Svodziwa","doi":"10.2478/hssr-2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rural diversification strategies in Zimbabwe are wide in nature but the environment plays an important role in ensuring that sustainability and structural transformation are achieved. A good understanding of the diversity of rural livelihoods choices and income sources among rural households would therefore inform policy makers on appropriate policy interventions. This paper delves to establish the role of rural diversification strategies in promoting structural transformation in Zimbabwe using Insiza district as a case study. A mixed methods research design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were applied. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with key informants who were purposively sampled to take part in the study. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed and 86 were returned thus giving the researcher a response rate of 86%. The study’s findings noted that rural diversification is an important component of the rural economy and it plays an important component in order to achieve structural transformation using Insiza district in Zimbabwe as a case study. The study also noted that though climate was negatively impacting on the Insiza district residents, households that diversified their income sources had enhanced income compared with farming households which do not diversify their income sources being vulnerable. The study recommends that the government should intervene by financing and educating the rural folk. Micro-policy should be targeted on rural households incomes that facilitate the provision of widening income options through small scale group schemes.","PeriodicalId":371309,"journal":{"name":"Human and Social Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123262728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}