{"title":"Harmonic Sequences Affecting Synchronous Generator Response to GIC","authors":"Pitambar Jankee, D. Oyedokun, H. Chisepo","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905278","url":null,"abstract":"Solar cycle 25 has begun, catching the attention of scientists, space physicists and power engineers. The resultant geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) cause dynamic part wave saturation of generator step-up transformers (GSUs), generate harmonic currents that flow in synchronous generator stator windings and reduce power quality. It is still common, however, to assume that triplen harmonics do not reach the utility side due to the delta connected GSU transformer. Under conditions of imbalance, multiples of the third harmonic do not follow the normal zero sequence and may appear at generator buses. Using a 4-bus test network modelled in MATLAB/Simulink, the generator bus and transmission line harmonics induced by a 20 mHz alternating current GIC (acGIC) were studied. The results confirm that GIC induced negative sequence harmonics increase the demagnetising effect of armature reaction leading to a decrease in generator’s useful air gap flux and other conditions of simultaneous ac-dc excitation.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean de Dieu Samvura, Jean D'amour Ni̇yonsaba, Jmv Bikorimana, Philbert Dusenge, Thomas Rwahama
{"title":"Feasibility study of floating solar photovoltaic system integrated with a hydropower plant (Nyabarongo hydropower plant dam case study)","authors":"Jean de Dieu Samvura, Jean D'amour Ni̇yonsaba, Jmv Bikorimana, Philbert Dusenge, Thomas Rwahama","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905317","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a technical feasibility of a 15MW grid connected floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV). The proposed model consists of a PV array, and inverters. The effects of solar irradiance and temperature on overall power generation in a grid-connected FSPV system have been investigated. The modeling method is straightforward and may be used to investigate system characteristics under a variety of temperature and solar insolation circumstances. The results show that the capacity factor of Nyabarongo hydropower plant is improved from 48% to 66%, the 30Ha of land was saved, and 24, 461.54MWh/year was generated with 27,433.01tCO2 generated and 292,972.1tCO2, were saved. The solution to agriculture industry conflicts caused by land mounted solar PV systems was found, the optimal use of Nyabarongo hydropower plant infrastructures was ensured by installing on its dam water surface the floating solar panels.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116840327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Odo, C. Ogbuka, Ifeanyi Chinaeke-Ogbuka, A. Ajibo, O. Oparaku, E. Ejiogu
{"title":"A Comparison of Model Predictive and Dead-Beat Predictive Control Algorithms for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Kenneth Odo, C. Ogbuka, Ifeanyi Chinaeke-Ogbuka, A. Ajibo, O. Oparaku, E. Ejiogu","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905239","url":null,"abstract":"A discretized rotor reference frame dq-model of the PMSM is the basis of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Deadbeat Predictive Control (DBC). A modified self-tuning field orientation control (FOC) of PMSM was developed for comparison with the predictive control methods. Since torque is proportional to q-axis current and control of current results in control of torque, speed, and rotor position, the MPC, DBC, and FOC algorithms ensure that the actual motor dq-currents track their respective references. The models were implemented in MA TLAB/Simulink. The results show effective tracking of current and speed references with minimal transients. The MPC showed the fastest speed settling time of 0.025 seconds (87.5% faster) and about 16% overshoot while the DBC has a settling time of 0.12 seconds (40% faster) with no overshoot. The FOC has its settling time as 0.2 seconds with no overshoot. Compared to FOC, both developed models have improved performance.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115655348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of Load Assessment and Load Prioritization for Micro-Hybrid Power Plants in Rural Communities","authors":"Likonge Makai, O. Popoola, C. Bowa, M. Mwanza","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905256","url":null,"abstract":"Penetration of renewable energy in Sub-Saharan African countries like Zambia particularly in rural areas is seemingly very low despite having the local resources that could support development of micro-hybrid systems. The contributing factor are lack of proper load assessment and load prioritization before and after development of the micro-hybrid systems which leads to overloads and shortening of the lifespan of storage systems due to over-discharge. In this paper, several different methodologies used to assess the type of end user load for renewable energy systems and prioritization of the load are reviewed. The paper aims at outlining the selection process and assessment involved in selection of probable renewable energy source (RES) and/ energy conversion systems (ECS) and the prioritization process of loads for the solar-based energy systems. A comparison of the available methods is presented and the optimal method that should be deployed to achieve the workable load assessment and load prioritization for sustainable development of micro-hybrid renewable energy systems in rural areas is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129273157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matija Pavičević, Paolo Thiran, G. Limpens, F. Contino, H. Jeanmart, S. Quoilin
{"title":"Bi-directional soft-linking between a whole energy system model and a power systems model","authors":"Matija Pavičević, Paolo Thiran, G. Limpens, F. Contino, H. Jeanmart, S. Quoilin","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905392","url":null,"abstract":"To decrabonise the entire energy system, introduction of large shares of variable renewable electricity generation will be needed. Long term energy system planing models are useful to improve the understanding of the decarbonisation pathways but struggle to take into the account the short term variations associated with the increased penetration of variable renewables. This can generate misleading signals regarding the levels of flexibility required in the system. This paper addresses this gap by a innovative bi-directional soft-linking methodology between a long term whole-energy system planing model (EnergyScope) and a multi-sectoral unit commitment and power dispatch model (Dispa-SET). The proposed methodology assesses the integration of short term variability, sizes the flexibility needs and analyses its strengths, limitations and applicability. Results of this study show that convergence criteria of the bi-directional soft-linking are met within two iterations meaning that the newly proposed system is stable and reliable.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129415227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting of Monthly Hydroelectric and Solar Energy in Rwanda using SARIMA","authors":"Grace Oluwaseun Shoaga, A. Ikuzwe, Angad Gupta","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905311","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable interest in renewable energy has made many researchers to be focused on forecasting it appropriately. An accurate forecast of renewable energy production is beneficial to various stakeholders like investors, policymakers and the government by helping to reduce its intermittent supply, which affects the availability of usable energy. This research aims to develop a Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to predict monthly hydro-electric and solar production in Rwanda using data from the hydro-electric and solar plants in the country, from January 2014 to June 2021, which was obtained from the Rwandan Energy Group. Simulations, which were supported by Python’s statsmodels library, were run for all plants considered individually, using the Python 3.8 software. The results showed that there is significant deviation between the predicted values and the test data.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129448128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel N. Kagichu, Peter Musau Moses, C. M. Kiruki
{"title":"Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Grid Connected Solar PV Source: A Review","authors":"Daniel N. Kagichu, Peter Musau Moses, C. M. Kiruki","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905249","url":null,"abstract":"This work briefly introduces some of the available forms of energy storage, which are classified into mechanical, electro-chemical, electrical and thermal. This aids to inform the rationale to pair complementary energy forms for creation of hybridized energy storage systems for generating power sources. This research aims therefore to mitigate the variability of renewable energy (RE) by supplementing it with hybrid energy storages of lead acid batteries (PbA) and Supercapacitors (SC) banks integrated in a solar PV grid. The various topologies suited for connecting network bus are presented in this work. The benefits network bus are presented in this work. The benefits also given by way of comparative analysis of the combined PbA and SC over the single PbA or SC only.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130641484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Neural Network-based Online Estimation of Stochastic Inertia in a Power System","authors":"Daniel Angelo Kisinga, Peter Makolo, P. Trodden","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905270","url":null,"abstract":"Inertia provides a first line of defence against frequency contingencies in a power system. It limits the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and provides significant time for the operation of primary frequency control, in particular governor control. This ensures adherence to frequency excursion limits as specified in the grid codes and, hence, power system frequency stability is preserved. Conventionally, inertia has been provided by synchronous generators (SGs). In modern power systems, SGs are being replaced with inertia-less stochastic renewable energy resources (RES). Penetration of RES into power systems results in a low and time-varying inertia, which potentially exposes the power system to the risks of blackouts caused by frequency instability. This calls for the online estimation of inertia to aid the design of adaptive protection schemes for the prevention of frequency instabilities. Therefore, this paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) based approach to estimate power system inertia. The approach can estimate inertia under both transient and ambient conditions. Moreover, the method is computationally inexpensive and explicitly extracts inertia which is an added advantage over most modal-based estimation approaches.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124328690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Raji, Lefu Maqelepo, Nathaniel J. Williams, Anderson Bett
{"title":"Money and Power: The Impact of Tariff Structures on Electricity Consumption in Solar Microgrids in Africa","authors":"T. Raji, Lefu Maqelepo, Nathaniel J. Williams, Anderson Bett","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905330","url":null,"abstract":"Electric utilities rely heavily on volumetric sales of electricity for revenue generation. Tariff designs have a direct impact on consumption patterns, hence revenue. Thus, it is important to design electricity tariffs such that they are efficient and fair. Here, we perform descriptive analysis on consumption data from four microgrids in Tanzania that have been subjected to time-of-use, block, and daily subscription tariff structures. We present two novel metrics, (1) Daytime-to-Total-Consumption Ratio (DTCR) and (2) Normalized Consuming Days (NCD), for assessing the electricity consumption patterns under each tariff. We find that a time-of-use tariff has minimal impact on electricity consumption time as it was only able to increase the DTCR of microgrids by 0.4% and 0.7%. We also find that microgrid customers consume more electricity under subscription-based tariffs than under consumption-based tariffs. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence on the inflexibility of nighttime electricity demand in rural African microgrids.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125765519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Global Daily Solar Photovoltaic Load Coverage Factor Map for Passenger Electric Vehicles","authors":"Michelle Wilber, E. Whitney, C. Haupert","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica53997.2022.9905364","url":null,"abstract":"The electrification of transportation is well under way in many parts of the world. However, rural areas, especially those lacking robust electric grid and other infrastructure, are still investigating what it takes to ensure the switch to electric vehicles (EVs) is broadly beneficial and equitable, as well as technologically feasible. For instance, Africa and the Arctic share a challenge of having limits to electrical grid connectivity and capacity, and islanded microgrids are common in both places. Renewable energy generation, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), could be paired with EV charging to help supply the needed energy. To investigate the ability of solar PV to meet this load in different global locations, a daily Load Coverage Factor (LCF) is calculated for an equal amount of installed solar PV capacity and daily driving distance for different global locations and plotted on a map. Regions with lower local insolation and lower winter temperatures have lower LCFs. Generally the global south, including Africa, seems to have a clear advantage in powering electrified transportation with solar PV generation. Specifically, LCFs above 0.8 are common in Africa and other areas of the global south, indicating that over 80% of the daily energy need of an EV driven 30 kilometers per day could be met by 1 kilowatt of installed solar PV.","PeriodicalId":371237,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"652 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132994350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}