Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design最新文献

{"title":"THE MODELING OF FACIAL RECOGNITION PROCESS IN PROSPECTIVE OF SIMULATION TECHNIQUES (A methodical elaboration through the built-in modules of Matlab)","authors":"Jozef Bushati, Virtyt Lesha, Dea Strica","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p52","url":null,"abstract":"Biometrics is a field of study and dissemination that brings a host of contributing domains in an integrated way to generate products that find multiple applications particularly in creating an individual's identity. Modeling biometric processes reveals a series of discussions in various fields, mainly in medicine and in the digital image processing field. These discussions range from the simulation levels of these models to those of application and concrete products that use biometric systems for identifying and recognizing individuals. Indeed, over many biological parameters of an individual to be identifiable, there is the face that generates a lot of information about the physical data of the individual. According to specific studies, facial components combined according to different methods can be used to design simulation models that come in aid of generating closed-source and dedicated programs of biometric recognition (Das, 2018). This paper deals with a simulation model, through the Matlab test-bench, of the facial recognition process. The model is created at the proposal level for the subject field and gives the limits and recommendations for improvements and further developments of this simulation method. The modeling methodology includes two parts; the first part is the Matlab program that has been coded in such a way that it takes some images that represent the faces of different people published in the opensource database on the Internet; the second part is the creation of a database that retains these images to enable face identification when entering a new image program. The facial search and retrieval process are built through some built-in functions that the latest versions of Matlab offer. Finally, the simulation model provides a new facial identification model that leaves room for further discussion and limits to the relatively small number of face images that can support the database in Matlab.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117108132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECTROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THERMOCHROMIC PRINTED CARDBOARD BIODEGRADATION","authors":"Marina Vukoje, Rahela Kulčar, Katarina Itrić, M. Rožić","doi":"10.24867/GRID-2018-P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/GRID-2018-P10","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste, containing mostly organic fraction, paper and board, wood and textiles, continues to be a major environmental problem. In addition, paper and cardboard are the most important sources of packaging materials. Packaging waste comprising about one-third of all municipal solid waste, mainly plastic and paper based. Anaerobic degradation is one of the most environmentally friendly methods for solid organic waste treatment and widely applied for bio-energy production. In this study, the biodegradation potential of three different cardboard materials (Umca Color UC, Propack PP, Lux Pack LP) and UV curable screen printing thermochromic ink applied on them (UV), were studied using the soil burial test under anaerobic conditions. Unprinted and printed cardboard samples were evaluated for changes over 4 months by FT-IR spectroscopy. FTIR spectra revealed the existence of CaCO3 and kaolin in cardboard coating. No significant changes occurred in the FTIR spectra of unprinted cardboard samples during biodegradation. In addition, FTIR spectra showed the presence of polyurethane acrylate in the UV thermochromic printing ink since all typical vibrational bands of polyurethane acrylate (3385 cm−1 (NH stretching), 2955–2855 cm−1 (symmetric and asymmetric CH2 stretching), 1726 cm−1 (C=O stretching), 1365 cm−1 (C–N stretching ) and 1111 cm−1 (C–O–C stretching ), 810, 987 and 1408 cm−1 (CH2=CH–), 1636 cm−1, (C=C stretching), 1064, 1195 and 1296 cm−1 (C–O stretching)) were obtained. After biodegradation of all three prints a decrease of band intensities located in the 2955–2855 cm−1 range (symmetric and asymmetric CH2 stretching), carbonyl peak around 1726 cm−1, ester linkages at 1260 – 1200 cm-1 and 1100-1000 cm–1 range (C-O stretching vibration) were observed. The changes in those bands may indicate the breaking down of the ester linkages, which lead to changes in polymeric structure of polymerized thermochromic ink. The highest changes in the whole spectral range were observed for the printed PP and LP cardboard, mainly in the 2955–2855 cm−1 spectral range and carbonyl peak around 1720 cm−1. In addition, the changes to the dynamic colour properties of the samples were described. The highest changes in colour after biodegradation were observed for PP-UV sample, followed by UC-UV sample. This can be explained by the best absorption of ink into the cardboard structure. The studied spectroscopic methods individually are not effective methods for the evaluation of thermochromic prints changes during degradation studies, but in a combination, they can give a brief insight into the state of material.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132431528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PDF METADATA AND ITS CONVERSION TO XJDF","authors":"Thomas Hoffman-Walbeck","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p54","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we show an example of how a product description such as the specifications of the print substrate can be embedded as metadata in a PDF file using a well-documented technology for variable data printing. We demonstrate the corresponding data structures in PDF. Moreover, we are explaining how these structures can be integrated in a PDF file and retrieved afterwards with a JAVA program. In addition, this metadata is converted into XJDF, which can be passed on to a commercially available workflow management system. The basic structure of XJDF is explained as well as its generation with JAVA.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVE LAYER THICKNESS` DISTRIBUTION ON PERFECT BOUNDED BROCHURES","authors":"Magdolna Pál, S. Dedijer, Ž. Pavlović, Bojan Banjanin, J. Vasić","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p24","url":null,"abstract":"Perfect binding has become one of the most popular binding methods for lowand mid-range graphic products, but with the appearance of new adhesives and application techniques, it is more and more important for the production of high quality, short-run products too. The influencing factors of perfect binding quality are numerous, involving different parameters and aspects of graphic production. Along the paper`s properties, book block parameters and spine preparation technique, the used adhesive and its application could have a direct influence on the paper/adhesive interaction and therefore on the adhesive bond quality, i.e. binding strength, too. In this study, a statistical analysis of overall adhesive layer thickness and its distribution along the book block spine has been performed. This analysis was aiming to investigate the influence of the book block volume and two gluing system set-up parameters, the nominal adhesive thickness and gluing length modification, on the adhesive application consistency. The statistical analysis showed that the book block volume had a significant influence on the obtained results of overall adhesive layer thickness (based on the p-value of 0.05) and the adhesive layer became more evenly applied to the block spine by increasing the book block volume. The influence of the nominal adhesive thickness and the glue length modification were also statistically significant (at level p<0.05) on the obtained overall adhesive thickness, however, the corresponding post hoc tests showed that not all the observed groups differed significantly from each other. In addition, the obtained results for adhesive distribution along the book block spine showed more uniform application for the higher values of nominal adhesive thickness and glue length modification. Key-words: perfect binding, adhesive layer, book block spine","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR INTERACTIVE SELECTION OF IMAGE PROMINENT COLOURS","authors":"Primož Weingerl, Dejana Javoršek","doi":"10.24867/GRID-2018-P72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/GRID-2018-P72","url":null,"abstract":"An image can contain myriad different colours, but only a few of them are noticeable at first sight, hence in some way are defining the image. Therefore, the question arises which colours are prominent and what are the main factors that affect their prominence. In this paper, we present a webbased application that supports an interactive selection of colours and can be used to gather prominent colours for a set of images. The resulted database of images and their corresponding colours can be further used for investigating which image features or colour properties contribute to their prominence and for validating the models for automatic extraction of prominent colours from the images. First, the perception of prominent colours is addressed, and applied perspective of this knowledge is given. In the remainder of the paper, an overview of application architecture is presented, and a more detailed description of application’s settings and usage is given. Although the main purpose of our application is to gather prominent colours of images based on the observer’s opinion, the application could also be used for conducting other psychophysical experiments. The application supports three different modes for selecting the prominent colours: selection of basic hues, selection from ColorChecker Classic target and selection from custom defined patches.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF COLOUR CHANGE IN THE COURSE OF DRYING ON PRINTS CREATED USING OFFSET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Csaba Horváth, Pál Görgényi-Tóth","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The research presented in the article describes the colour changes resulting from the drying of printing ink. In technical terminology, this colour change is called dryback (Schulz et al, 2005). Different print technologies use different inks (solvent-based, inks dried by oxidation, inks dried by UV radiation), but all of them are affected by dryback. This means that the ink still wet after printing has colour properties different from ink after it is dried. During the printing process it is usually possible to measure the colour properties (lightness, blue-yellow, red-green content, density) of the still wet print by the machine. A polarizing filter is installed in spectrophotometers in order to perform this measurement, which tries to measure the colour characteristics of the print, eliminating surface reflection. The research is designed to determine the point when the paint can be considered dried on the carrier (paper), to describe – using mathematical equations – the changes in the colour characteristics during the drying process, and then to design a device which is able to determine – using the mathematical model – what colour characteristics the still wet print will have after complete drying. In our article we intend to describe the first tests and the resulting conclusions.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124006075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOTICEABILITY AND RECALL OF VISUAL ELEMENTS ON PACKAGING","authors":"Dorotea Kovačević, M. Brozović","doi":"10.24867/GRID-2018-P32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/GRID-2018-P32","url":null,"abstract":"Product packaging protects the content from the environment, but also serves to display information relevant to consumers. Some product information, like warning messages, should be both noticeable and memorable. The purpose of the study was to explore how people pay attention to visual elements on packaging and how well they recall them. The investigation was especially directed towards a particular visual element – a safety pictogram. The study consisted of two parts: an eye tracking experiment which measured the participants’ visual attention while viewing the packaging, and a followup memory test which assessed the ability of the participants to recall elements from the packaging. The packaging was designed especially for the purpose of the experiment. It was presented on-screen and viewed by 130 participants. The visual elements displayed on the packaging were: an illustration, a product name, a logo, a pictogram and the quantity information. Eye-tracking measures used were time to first fixation on each of the visual elements on the packaging and total fixation duration on an element. A list test was used for assessing the recall of visual information in the absence of the packaging. The illustration was the visual element recalled by most of the participants (reported by 80% of the participants), followed by the product name (reported by 59% of the participants). Only 18% of the participants mentioned that they saw the pictogram. The analysis of the eye movements and the visual attention showed that the most easily noticed visual element was the product name, while the illustration had the longest viewing period. Furthermore, the participants who detected the pictogram faster and viewed it longer also recalled it better. However, the association between visual attention and memory was not revealed for all visual elements on the packaging. The findings could be relevant for designers and those interested in the communication aspect of packaging.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116797781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHITOSAN AND RICE STARCH FILMS AS PACKAGING MATERIALS","authors":"U. Brodnjak, Ljubljana Slovenia Design, Dimitrina Atanasova Todorova, Sofia Bulgaria Graphic Art","doi":"10.24867/GRID-2018-P34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/GRID-2018-P34","url":null,"abstract":"Producers of bio-based materials are keen on replacing oil-based packaging materials with green, sustainable materials which also have improved mechanical, antimicrobial, barrier properties. One of the most nontoxic and widely used polymers are polysaccharides, chitosan being one of them. This research shows the preparation, characterisation of the chitosan and rice starch films. The aim of the research was to improve the mechanical, moisture and optical properties of chitosan, rice starch and composite chitosan-rice starch film using ultrasonic treatment. Our research was focused on the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the solutions for the preparation of the mentioned films. The results showed that an ultrasonic treatment improved elasticity, moisture resistance and that films were more transparent. Elongation at break and tensile strength increased, especially at blend films. Moreover, moisture content showed a decrease proportional to an increase in thickness with decreasing film solubility at all treated samples. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment. However, preparing film solutions with ultrasound is an improved procedure to increase many properties of biodegradable films and in this form could be used as packaging materials.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131184478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV ENERGY CURING OF DIELECTRIC LAYER FOR SCREEN PRINTED CAPACITIVE CHEMICAL SENSORS","authors":"Miha Golob","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p17","url":null,"abstract":"Functional printing is becoming a new standard in the printing industry and new materials are being developed for use with conventional printing methods. The purpose of our research was to successfully print and measure the change in capacitance of a multi-layered interdigitated capacitor, when exposed to water vapour in air. Commercially available printing inks were applied, including one silver-based conductive ink and one dielectric ink. Conductive structures with resolution of up to 300 microns were printed with a screen density of 120 lines/cm. Two-layered elements of dielectric printing ink and an additional layer of conductive ink were successfully applied onto a printing substrate coated with a conductive indium tin oxide layer. Capacitance of a parallel-plate and interdigitated capacitor was determined by implementing variation in the position of electrodes for measurements. The results confirm that the change of UV energy applied for curing of the dielectric ink has no significant influence on the capacitance of printed sensors, as opposed by the factor of capacitor function and surface area. Capacitance was greater when measured as a parallel-plate capacitor with dielectric layer between two electrodes and a larger surface area than interdigitated in-plane capacitor printed on the same sample. Dissipation factor diminishes with higher UV energy applied for curing of the dielectric ink. Sensor response to changes in relative humidity is even and can be reproduced. Change of capacitance of sensor is higher with increase in relative humidity, thus the prepared sensors are properly responsive.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132447214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF BEATING ON THE DYEING OF CELLULOSE","authors":"Öznur Özden, Sinan Sönmez","doi":"10.24867/grid-2018-p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Dyes and pigments are important colorants used in dyeing of paper, cardboard, fabric, food, plastic, wood materials. The dyes and pigments used for this are very diverse and have a wide range. With the increasing in demand for dyed paper day by day, the development of new technologies has become necessary. Since the natural colour of the paper is not much of a concern, the papers have been started to be dyed in different shapes to obtain products with shades ranging from bright pastel to dark and saturated tones. Tone and density can be adjusted according to need and requests. Colouring in paper is usually coloured by adding pigments or dyes to the pulp during pre-production preparation. Almost 95% of dyed papers are prepared in this way. For this purpose, direct acidic and basic dyes are used. The effectiveness used pigment or dye varies depending on the raw material and the environmental conditions. The purpose of this study, beating and pH is to improve the effect on cellulosic dyeing and paper properties. For this, two different types of pulp were selected as bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSWP) and bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHWP). The dyeing process was carried out using four different colours in the beaten and the unbeaten pulp (60minute with Valley’s beater). They produced sheets from the dyed pulp. It was made colour measurements on the produced sheets and compared obtained values. The results will help to give an idea of the effectiveness of coloured inks used during printing on coloured paper.","PeriodicalId":371126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133284965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}