Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry最新文献

{"title":"Potential therapeutic effects of Celastrol on dry eye disease","authors":"Siu Kan Law","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry148","url":null,"abstract":"Letter to the Editor","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of oculoplastic surgery and ocular surface disorders","authors":"M. Çiftçi, O. B. Selver","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular surface health is closely related to the condition of the ocular adnexa, particularly the eyelids. Both ocular adnexal disorders and oculoplastic procedures performed to treat them can cause ocular surface disorders (OSD). In this review, we aimed to summarize the relationship between oculoplastic procedures and OSD. \u0000Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using various combinations of keywords including “oculoplastic surgery,” “ocular surface disorders,” “dry eye,” and “management,” without time or language limitations, to include studies concerning oculoplastic surgery and OSD. \u0000Results: We included articles involving oculoplastic procedures and OSD with discussions of preventive approaches and management strategies in this context. For a systematic approach, the preoperative assessments and postoperative treatment of patients were retrieved and summarized. Preoperative preventive measures included evaluation of tear film break-up time, tear osmolarity, tear meniscus area and height measurement by anterior segment optic coherence tomography, lipid layer thickness by interferometer, corneal staining and Oxford Scheme, Schirmer test, blink rate and completeness, ocular surface disease index scoring, eyelid closure, and Bell’s phenomenon. Postoperative assessments included the presence and severity of dry eye and early management of dry eye with artificial tears, topical anti-inflammatory medications, and night taping; evaluation of the presence of chemosis, and, if present, management with pharmacologic, mechanical, or surgical therapies when needed; and prompt detection and treatment of lagophthalmos and consequent exposure keratopathy. \u0000Conclusions: Careful preoperative examination of the ocular surface is mandatory to reduce or eliminate complications after oculoplastic surgery. Ocular surface-related complications that surgeons encounter after oculoplastic surgery should be promptly diagnosed and treated.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Google Lens: A potential cost-effective screening tool for diabetic retinopathy","authors":"P. Venkatesh","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry147","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major, sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Blindness from DR can be prevented by successful and proactive screening. However, DR is screened in less than half of the patients because of barriers in availability, affordability, accessibility, and awareness. Although artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms are being evaluated for DR screening, they have limitations of infrastructure, accessibility, training, and manpower cost. Therefore, simpler and more practical DR screening tools should be explored. \u0000Hypothesis: Google Lens, an easily available, vision- and AI-based application in most smartphones, is a potential tool for cost-effective DR screening. It recognises images through a visual analysis based on neural networking. Thus, it can recognize retinal disorders, such as DR, in images. The development and adoption of Google Lens-based DR screening would have several advantages over the conventional hospital/specialist/healthcare facility-based approach, including widespread accessibility, acceptable accuracy, reduction in the direct cost of healthcare for patients with diabetes mellitus, and active patient participation in self-care. \u0000Conclusions: DR screening, detection, and grading using Google Lens is a feasible and effective option. Despite current limitations, it could transform DR screening from a costly, hospital- and expert-based method to a cost-effective, self-applicable, and home-based one. However, diagnostic accuracy studies comparing the index test with Google Lens-based screening are required to determine the usability and validity of this proposed screening tool for DR.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129000065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of artificial intelligence applications in anterior segment ocular diseases","authors":"Zahra Heidari, Mehdi Baharinia, Kiana Ebrahimi-Besheli, Hanieh Ahmadi","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential for interpreting and analyzing images and processing large amounts of data. There is a growing interest in investigating the applications of AI in anterior segment ocular diseases. This narrative review aims to assess the use of different AI-based algorithms for diagnosing and managing anterior segment entities. \u0000Methods: We reviewed the applications of different AI-based algorithms in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment entities, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, corneal grafts, corneal transplantation, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, cataracts, and disorders of the corneal nerves, conjunctiva, tear film, anterior chamber angle, and iris. The English-language databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, neural network, anterior eye segment diseases, corneal disease, keratoconus, dry eye, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, anterior chamber, and cataract. Relevant articles were compared based on the use of AI models in the diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment diseases. Furthermore, we prepared a summary of the diagnostic performance of the AI-based methods for anterior segment ocular entities. \u0000Results: Various AI methods based on deep and machine learning can analyze data obtained from corneal imaging modalities with acceptable diagnostic performance. Currently, complicated and time-consuming manual methods are available for diagnosing and treating eye diseases. However, AI methods could save time and prevent vision impairment in eyes with anterior segment diseases. Because many anterior segment diseases can cause irreversible complications and even vision loss, sufficient confidence in the results obtained from the designed model is crucial for decision-making by experts. \u0000Conclusions: AI-based models could be used as surrogates for analyzing manual data with improveddiagnostic performance. These methods could be reliable tools for diagnosing and managing anterior segmentocular diseases in the near future in remote areas. It is expected that future studies can design algorithms thatuse less data in a multitasking manner for the detection and management of anterior segment diseases.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121309361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future perspectives on smart glasses","authors":"Kanupriya","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry143","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-color imaging in a unilateral central retinal artery occlusion following dengue fever: A case report and literature review","authors":"S. Sanjay, A. Kawali, Nikhil Gopalakrishnan, R. Shetty, P. Mahendradas","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry145","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue fever is associated with various sight-threatening ocular manifestations, some of which can occur several months after fever. These include subconjunctival hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, central and branch retinal artery occlusion, central scotoma, papilledema, optic neuropathy, retinal vasculitis, retinitis, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, foveolitis, choroidal effusion, exudative retinal detachment, anterior uveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, and panophthalmitis. Herein, we report a patient with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and raised dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers who underwent serial multimodal imaging with fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and multi-color imaging (MCI). Furthermore, we reviewed recent publications highlighting different eye diseases and the role of MCI in their diagnosis and serial monitoring. \u0000Case presentation: A 53-year-old Asian Indian woman complained of blurring of vision in the right eye (OD) two months after a bout of fever. Her best-corrected distance visual acuity was finger counting close to the face in the OD and 20/40 in the left eye. CRAO of the OD was diagnosed. Systemic investigations were normal except for elevated dengue IgG levels. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography confirmed this diagnosis. MCI and SD-OCT using Spectralis™ performed before and after treatment with oral steroids demonstrated improvement. MCI served as a noninvasive ancillary tool for monitoring the CRAO. In addition to the case report, we summarize articles pertaining to MCI published during the years 2018–2022. The list is not exhaustive but highlights salient features of different retinal and choroidal disorders evaluated using MCI. Our summary highlights the role of MCI in the diagnosis and serial monitoring of eye diseases. \u0000Conclusions: A diagnosis of post-dengue fever retinal artery occlusion should be made after ruling out other causes of retinal artery vascular occlusion. We demonstrated retinal changes using serial imaging. MCI can be a useful tool, along with SD-OCT, to monitor clinical improvement. Optometrists can follow up patients with retinal vascular occlusions using noninvasive methods.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"5003 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Add-on therapy with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis","authors":"O. Ozer, M. L. Tuncer","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry137","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Episcleritis is a common ocular inflammatory disease that can cause red eye. It is usually managed using single or combined topical corticosteroids and topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as directed by clinical response. However, recurrence is possible. This study aimed to compare the effects of add-on therapies using different topical NSAIDs in the management of treatment-naive, non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis. \u0000Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis were included in this study. Patients were allocated to one of three groups based on the NSAID used as add-on therapy: topical diclofenac sodium 0.1% (group D), topical nepafenac 0.1% (group N1), and topical nepafenac 0.3% (group N3). The time to symptom disappearance was defined as the recovery time.   \u0000Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, initial best-corrected distance visual acuity, and intraocular pressure between groups (all P > 0.05). The mean recovery times of groups D and N1 were comparable (12.86 ± 5.35 days and 11.45 ± 5.42 days, respectively) (P > 0.05). However, the mean recovery time of group N3 was significantly shorter (9.70 ± 3.80 days, P < 0.05). Recurrence was observed in only one patient in group N1 at 3 months, and symptoms resolved when the same medication was reinstituted. Furthermore, we noted no side effects during the follow-up period for any of the treatment modalities.  \u0000Conclusions: All three topical NSAIDs were effective add-on therapies in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis. However, once-daily administration of topical nepafenac 0.3% had a shorter recovery time than topical diclofenac 0.1% and topical nepafenac 0.1%.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race in the phenotype of the glaucoma; a genotypic or an environmental variance?","authors":"Pegah Rashidian","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry142","url":null,"abstract":"Letter to the Editor","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128510879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levator palpebrae superioris function and corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology","authors":"Chin Chun Tat, C. Majumder, Sheiladevi Sukumaran","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eyelids have been shown to influence corneal shape. The effects of eyelid pathologies on corneal astigmatism have been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the correlation between levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle function and with-the-rule (WTR) corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 58 university students of Chinese origin selected by simple random sampling at the University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University Optometry Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We included participants aged 18 to 30 years, regardless of sex, with normal eyelid morphology, normal LPS function, and WTR corneal astigmatism. For LPS muscle function, the distance of the upper eyelid margin from the maximal downgaze to the upgaze was measured, while the frontalis function was negated by the thumb of the examiner. Corneal astigmatism was measured using a manual Keratometry (Topcon OM-4; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Of the 58 participants, 23 (39.7%) were men and 35 (60.3%) were women. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 23.22 ± 1.77 years. For all participants, the means ± SDs for LPS muscle function and corneal astigmatism were 14.72 ± 1.74 mm and - 1.16 ± 0.47 D, respectively. Of the 58 participants, 25 and 33 had low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism, respectively. The mean LPS muscle functions were not significantly different between the low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups (P > 0.05). A positive but statistically insignificant correlation (r = + 0.14; P > 0.05) was found between LPS muscle function and WTR corneal astigmatism. Conclusions: We found no significant difference in the mean LPS muscle function between low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups in young university students of Chinese origin with normal eyelid morphology. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between LPS muscle function and low-to-moderate WTR corneal astigmatism.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126902426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of external observation examination by teachers during vision screening for preschool children","authors":"R. Omar, V. F. Knight, Asma Ahida Ahmad Zahidi, N. Saat, T. Li","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A vision-screening program is effective in prevention of vision impairment. The validity of vision screening conducted by nurses, medical assistants, and teachers has been previously reported. However, the validity of preschool teachers in conducting external eye observations in preschool children has not been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine validity of preschool teachers in conducting external eye observation tests, including the observation of behavior and external eye health, in preschool children.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, preschool teachers from Kemajuan Masyarakat kindergarten in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were randomly allocated to the study (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. The study group underwent theory training with an optometrist and practical sessions with preschool children on vision screening, while the control group received only brief verbal instructions on steps to conduct the screening. After the briefing, teachers from both groups conducted vision screening tests at their kindergartens on preschool children aged 4–6 years. The same vision screening procedure was repeated in the same children by optometrists to verify results of the teachers. Results: A total of 700 preschool children were screened by 60 preschool teachers and optometrists. Teachers from the study and control groups displayed high validity in screening for external ocular health, including sensitivity (66.67% versus 66.67%), specificity (95.21% versus 95.54%), and negative predictive value (99.41% versus 99.69%). The positive predictive value was slightly higher in the study group (19.05%) than in the control group (11.76%). Conclusions: Preschool teachers competently observed external eye health in preschool children. A training module for vision screening is important, and a revision of the current training module is needed. Empowering preschool teachers could help in the early detection and intervention necessary in needy children. This could reduce the nationwide prevalence of visual impairments.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121533742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}