{"title":"Ethics Primer / Elementarz Etyczny by Karol Wojtyła","authors":"Lambert Uwaoma Nwauzor","doi":"10.26385/SG.070216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26385/SG.070216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36983,"journal":{"name":"Studia Gilsoniana","volume":"7 1","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69275457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abortion in The Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy","authors":"M. Czachorowski","doi":"10.26385/SG.070429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26385/SG.070429","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion (Latin: abortio, abortus—miscarriage, including induced miscarriage, from: aboriri, abortire—to perish, to vanish) is the deliberate and immediate killing of a human being before birth (abortion must be distinguished from spontaneous miscarriage or a situation where the child is allowed to die without this being intended, where the death is the result of causes not dependent upon acting persons— abortus indirectus). This issue is especially important in the 21 century because of the availability of technologies that make it easier to perform abortions and because of the spread of a mentality approving abortion. The philosophical aspects of abortion concern in particular the moral evaluation of the act. The moral evaluation of abortion depends, on one hand, upon how the ontic status of the conceived human being is defined, and on the other hand, upon what kind of criteria one assumes for the moral evaluation.","PeriodicalId":36983,"journal":{"name":"Studia Gilsoniana","volume":"7 1","pages":"567-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69275984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studia GilsonianaPub Date : 2016-04-15Epub Date: 2016-03-16DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502034
Catalina Lee-Chang, Monica Bodogai, Kanako Moritoh, Xin Chen, Robert Wersto, Ranjan Sen, Howard A Young, Michael Croft, Luigi Ferrucci, Arya Biragyn
{"title":"Aging Converts Innate B1a Cells into Potent CD8+ T Cell Inducers.","authors":"Catalina Lee-Chang, Monica Bodogai, Kanako Moritoh, Xin Chen, Robert Wersto, Ranjan Sen, Howard A Young, Michael Croft, Luigi Ferrucci, Arya Biragyn","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.1502034","DOIUrl":"10.4049/jimmunol.1502034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B cell dysregulation in aging is thought to mostly occur in conventional B2 cells without affecting innate B1 cells. Elderly humans and mice also accumulate 4-1BBL(+)MHC class-I(Hi)CD86(Hi)B cells of unknown origin. In this article, we report that these cells, termed 4BL cells, are activated murine and possibly human B1a cells. The activation is mediated by aging human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages. They induce expression and activation of 4-1BBL and IFN-γR1 on B1a cells to subsequently upregulate membrane TNF-α and CD86. As a result, activated B1a/4BL cells induce expression of granzyme B in CD8(+)T cells by targeting TNFR2 via membrane TNF-α and providing costimulation with CD86. Thus, for the first time, to our knowledge, these results indicate that aging affects the function of B1a cells. Upon aging, these cells lose their tumor-supporting activity and become inducers of potentially antitumor and autoimmune CD8(+)T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":36983,"journal":{"name":"Studia Gilsoniana","volume":"8 1","pages":"3385-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4049/jimmunol.1502034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91262280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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