Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Antidiabetic and Cyto-Regenerative Activity of Ficus carica through Gene Expression Analysis in Diabetic Rat Model","authors":"Makkia Saleem, Mian Kamran Sharif, Masood Sadiq Butt, Muhammad Naeem Faisal","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)840","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease of the endocrine system, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or defective insulin production. Among the complementary and alternative medicines, diet-based approaches are gaining popularity worldwide for the management of it. Ficus carica, one of the oldest plants cultivated on the earth, is rich in phytochemicals including anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids. The present study was designed to analyze the therapeutic potential of dried fig and extract for their potential against hyperglycemia and related complication in the diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced by using alloxan monohydrate and divided into five groups including Negative-, Positive-, standard drug- group, treated-I (given extract), and treated-II (given 10% dried figs). Fig extract was administered through the intragastric tube, and fig paste was mixed in the feed of the experimental group, and then rats were decapitated after 6 weeks to collect the blood and serum. At the end of the study, biochemical analysis such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum glucose, and insulin was performed. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed cell deformation in the positive control group whereas damage was reversed in treated groups. The pancreas was also saved for gene expression analysis. The results revealed that the positive control group has lower expression of INS-1, INS-2, Pdx-1, amylin, and GLUT-2 genes. Results revealed that serum glucose and FBG started to normalize after the administration of treatment (Glibenclamide, dry fig, and fig fruit extract), and insulin concentration also started to improve. 10% dried fig was more effective to control hyperglycemic conditions, which might be due to the presence of fiber. However, the gene expression was more modulated in the group treated with fig extract. The findings of current research suggested the utilization of fig and fig-based products because of their potential to reverse the damage induced by the alloxan or stressors of daily life.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Analysis and Growth Performance of Rhode Island Red, Barred Plymouth Rock and their Hybrid at Jaba Mansehra, Pakistan","authors":"Sifat Ullah, Shumaila Noreen, Muhammad Fiaz Khan, Naqash Khalid, Omer Dad, Mohsin Ali","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)807","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry farming is a big business in Pakistan. Poultry farming is a substantial supply of eggs and meat in rural areas, as well as a reliable source of income. Therefore the goal of this study is to compare the Rhode Island red, barred plymouth rock, and their hybrids’ phenotypic traits and egg-laying capacities. The 100-day-old Rhode Island Red, Barred Plymouth Rock, and cross chicks were used in the study at Jaba District Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. The whole flock was sheltered, fed, ventilated, and immunized. Breed 3 (Jabba 21) was reported to have the longest shanks (3.78 inches SL), followed by breed 1 (Rhode Island Red) and breed 2 (Barred Plymouth Rock) (3.47 inches SL). Breed 2 is the broadest shank at 0.47 SW, followed by Breed 1 at 0.43 SW and Breed 3 at 0.30 SW (0.43 Inches SW). The breadth of the shinbone did not change substantially from week 8 to week 13 (p=0.05), although body weight changed from week 1 to week 18. Breed 1 consumed the most feed (2,112 g), followed by Breed 3 (1,452 g) and Breed 2. (990 g). Breed 2 acquired the greatest amount of weight (1,638.57 g), followed by Breed 1 (1,557.07 g) and Breed 3. (1530.3 g). From the first to the eighteenth week of observations, there was a significant (p0.05) difference between the three chicken breeds in weekly body weight gain. Breeds 1, 2, and 3 saw growth rates of 1st 63.59, 2nd 64.02 and 3rd 64.03 percent. This research gave us a fresh perspective on several products that might come to market and contend with one another. This study provides insight into what will work best for Pakistan’s poultry sector going forward in the future.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Effect of Organic and Inorganic Zinc with Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Japanese Quail","authors":"Muhammad Akbar Nasar, Nasir Rajput, Azizullah Memon, Athar Mahmud, S. Shamas","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)771","url":null,"abstract":"The research facility of Avian Research & Training (ART) Center (Poultry Production), UVAS, Lahore was selected to investigate the effect of feeding organic and inorganic zinc in addition to vit-E on the growth performance of Japanese quail. for a period of 6 months. The diet formulated by the inclusion of ZnO + ZnI (mg)+VE(IU) as 0+0+0 (A), 25+0+0 (B), 0+15+0 (C), 0+0+12 (D), 25+15+0 (E), 25+0+12 (F), 0+15+12 (G) and 25+15+12 (H), respectively. The effect of zinc and vit-E on growth and slaughter traits of Japanese quail was significant (P<0.05) and it was perceived that in 6 weeks the broiler quails in groups H and F took higher feed (745.44 and 734.70 g/bird), with simultaneous effect on LBW of males (175.35 and 174.50 g), females (198.35 and 197.38 g), average (186.85 and 185.94 g), intestine filled (6.81 and 6.66 g) and empty weights (5.51 and 4.88 g), intestine length (44.87 and 44.75 g), cecal length (16.37 and 16.12 cm), the weight of carcass + giblets (142.01 and 141.48 g), carcass (130.88 and 130.25 g), heart (2.18 and 2.16 g), liver (5.02 and 5.06 g), gizzard (5.62 and 5.21 g), respectively. The dietary Zn + vit-E inclusion significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative length of gut segments, villi height, villus thickness, the villi height to crypt depth proportion in jejunum and ileum and the number of goblet cells in various parts of the intestine of quails. The meat production was significantly higher in female quails than the meat of male quails. This suggested that the organic Zn proved to be better than the inorganic Zn source in addition to vit-E to achieve physiology-related traits in quails.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Endemic Flora in Pakistan","authors":"A. Qazi, Z. Saqib, Muhammad Zaman-ul-Haq","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)777","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current research is to provide a systematic account of the variety of endemic plant species found in Pakistan, with a focus on family, distribution, and life form status. The existing research effort, which is based on a survey of the literature, field observations, and herbarium records, has identified 306 endemic plant species among 50 genera and 40 families. In accordance with an analysis of the life form or status of these plant species, herbs are dominant (n= 243 species, 80 %), while shrubs (n= 33 species, 11 %), under shrubs (n= 13 species, 4 %), trees (n= 10 species, 4 %), and grasses (n= 7 species, 2 %). The study revealed that Asteraceae is the most dominant family (n= 38 species), while Taraxacum is a dominant genus (n= 23 species). Distribution analysis revealed that the majority of species are distributed in mountainous areas of Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is rich in endemism (n= 142 species, 37 %). The current study sheds light on Pakistan’s endemism situation. Further research that takes into consideration population levels and new risks is also required. The study will help policymakers in developing conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Damage Potentials of Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"A. A. Gilal, Abdul Hayee Gabol, L. Rajput, Jamal-u-ddin Hajano, Ghulam Qader Mangrio","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)758","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato leafminer (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious oligophagous pest of tomatoes. Although originated in South America, it has now been introduced and spread in almost all the tomato-growing areas of the globe. Therefore, studies were undertaken to determine the infestation of T. absoluta on tomato parts at various locations of six main tomato growing areas of Sindh i.e., Badin, Thatta, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, Sanghar and Shaheed Benazirabad. Five tomato fields (locations) were randomly selected from each district to determine the infestation of TLM based on its characteristic mines on tomato leaves and fruits. Tuta absoluta infestation was recorded on tomato leaves and fruits observed at all the sampling locations of six districts with significant differences among plant parts, locations, and districts. The highest infestation on leaves (19.36±0.92 %) and fruits (1.36±0.28 %) was observed from location one of Mirpur Khas district. District-wise, overall, the highest infestation of T. absoluta on tomato leaves (17.04±0.38 %) and stems (1.10±0.11 %) was recorded at Mirpur Khas, whereas Shaheed Benazirabad and Hyderabad districts suffered the lowest infestation on leaves (4.18±0.22 %) and fruits (0.26±0.04 %), respectively. The highest infestation of T. absoluta at Badin (14.10±0.28 %), Thatta (11.10±0.27 %), Sanghar (8.22±0.34 %), Hyderabad (5.32±0.18 %) and Shaheed Benazirabad (4.18±0.22 %) was also recorded on leaves. Therefore, early monitoring and management should be taken by growers to restrict the losses of T. absoluta on tomatoes, whereas government should adopt strict quarantine measures on the movement of tomato nurseries to restrict its spread.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41624039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encounter of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) from the Low Elevated Area of District Battagram, Pakistan","authors":"Z. Ullah, Usama","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)798","url":null,"abstract":"Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is widely distributed in various countries of Asia including different areas of Pakistan such as District Mansehra, Swat, Kohistan, Battagram, Gilgit Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The present research was conducted in District Battagram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan where new and abundant evidence of the Asiatic Black bear was reported. Data were collected during field reports, questionnaire-based surveys and oral interviews, and discussions with the local community from March 2022 to December 2022. The black bear was encountered by local peoples at a low elevated area (1259 m) of Jesol village (N 34o 41' 53\" E 73o 03' 05\") and was killed collectively (May 12, 2022). During such an encounter, a young man was also injured in conflict. Within one day, local people carried every part of the bear’s body and left the remaining skeleton. The wildlife department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa took immediate action against the involved people. Similarly, the second black bear was also observed in the same village after one week but this time local people did not take any action against the black bear due to strict enforcement of wildlife law implemented by the wildlife department. On the other hand, questionnaire-based surveys and oral interviews were conducted in different areas of Battagram such as Baliga, Chail, and Shumlai about the black bear population. According to the perception of the local community, a quite good population of bears n=14 (6 males, 4 females, and 4 cubs) are present in the entire district. During the field survey, bear signs were also observed in Balija Mountain such as pug marks, track routing in snow, scat samples, and setting place. Bone samples collected from a killed black bear will be genetically identified for further genotypic study. The black bear population could be conserved by the strict implementation of rules and regulations by the government and conservation agencies. Awareness among the local community also plays an important in black bear conservation.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Plant Extracts on Bacterial Isolates from Infections of the Female Genital Tract","authors":"Sundus Adil, Hayder T. Qaddoori","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)820","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty samples of female genital secretions were collected from a group of women whose age ranges from 15 to 50 years old at Al-Batool Hospital for Maternity and Children. The isolates Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found in the fungal and bacterial cultures of the samples, with percentages of (45, 31, 13, 11), respectively. Positive samples were isolated at the highest rate of 87 percent for samples isolated from people aged 30 to 40. In the case of pregnancy, there is an increase in the infection rate with fungal and bacterial species, with a percentage of 60 % compared to women. The results of testing the effect of plant extracts (marjoram, chamomile, thyme, peat, and thuja) on isolated bacterial and fungal species showed inhibition diameters (20, 16, 15.5, 13, 10, 10) mm at concentrations (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %). We discovered that different concentrations of Marjoram, chamomile, thyme, peat, and thuja extracts (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 %) were associated with increased inhibition rates of fungal and bacterial infection with different diameters (10, 12, 15, 16, 20 mm).","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44819197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Graded Doses of Vitamin E on Blood and Serum Biochemistry of Sheep","authors":"M. Fatima, Faiza Hakeem, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Shahbaz, Syed Murtaza, Hassan Andrabi, Z. H. Kuthu, Sohail Ahmed, Nasir Hameed","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)730","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin E (Vit. E) is primarily responsible for the increased antioxidant capacity observed in animal studies. The present research aimed to investigate vitamin E’s effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters in Kail sheep. Eighteen (18) Kail breed ewes older than two years but not yet pregnant were chosen for this experiment. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (Control, T1, and T2). During the entire experiment, the control group had access to pure water. Vitamin E was administered orally to both groups of ewes daily for 30 days, with Group T1 receiving 150 mg/kg body weight and Group T2 receiving 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30. The results revealed a significant increase in blood biochemistry parameters such as RBC, HGB, RDW %, WBC, LYM concentration, and LYM (%) in sheep fed Vitamin E. The serum concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, and AST was significantly increased (P< 0.05). We conclude that the haematological and serum biochemical parameters in Kail sheep were enhanced after an oral dose of vitamin E.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47156940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Morphometric Ranking Approach using Geospatial Techniques for Flash Flood Susceptibility Modelling in District Shangla, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ali, A. Sarwar, Muhammad Ali, S. Gulzar, Abdul Majid, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Jabir Nazir, Arbaz Ahmad","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)830","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, disaster strikes, and led to thousands of casualties and deaths around the world. A meteorological disaster such as a flash flood is a multifaceted hydro-meteorological phenomenon that can cause a huge loss of human life and can create severe economic problems. In this study, techniques based on Geographic information systems and Remote sensing were used to get the flood susceptibility map for District Shangla, Pakistan. For the susceptibility of flash floods, geo morphometric ranking model was used. Various causative factors were considered including; topography, river pattern, and flow accumulation. ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model was used for calculating the required causative factors. Eleven different sub-basins were delineated in the Shangla basin. A total of eighteen morphometric parameters were studied. The morphometric ranking approach (MRA) score was determined with a range of 1 to 5. Rank 5 represents high risk while rank 1 exhibits low risk. The results of the model were categorized into five flood vulnerability classes; very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The total population of Shangla district is 757,810 with a population density of 480 persons per sq km2, and results from this study revealed that 23 % of the total geographic area (364.11 km2) of the district is vulnerable to high flash floods.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Conversion of Castor Oil into Biodiesel by Tri-organotin(IV) Catalysts: Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Characterization with Theoretical Support","authors":"Nousheen Mustafa, Muhammad Zubair, Noor Uddin, Saqib Ali, Ali Haider, Amin Badshah","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-2)816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-2)816","url":null,"abstract":"Economic concern over fossil fuel reserves, extensive increase in CO2 emission, and change in the world climate due to the combustion of carbon sources have been driving the attention of both commercial and academic researchers towards new sustainable fuel routes to encounter rapidly growing worldwide population demands. In the present study, we have focused on catalytic transesterification towards the environmentally friendly biodiesel synthesis which is low cost, easily implemented and best alternative source of fossil fuels. Herein three triorganotin(IV) carboxylates derivatives namely trimethylstannyl cyclopentanecarboxylate, tributylstannyl cyclopentanecarboxylate and triphenylstannyl cyclopentanecarboxylate were resynthesized according to our reported procedure and theoretically investigated through DFT by applying LANL2DZ as functional with B3LYP basis set (level of theory) to calculate Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) to determine electrophilic center of complexes and Lewis acidity. Owing to the Lewis acid character, the synthesized complexes were then used as catalysts in the transesterification reaction of castor oil. Different reaction parameters were also optimized to obtain maximum biodiesel yield. Synthesized castor oil biodiesel (COB) was characterized and confirmed by employing multitude spectroscopic techniques. The present study evaluated that these complexes can be potential candidates for biodiesel conversion from non-edible and cheap feedstock.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70616636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}