IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Smartphone sensors-based human activity recognition using feature selection and deep decision fusion","authors":"Yijia Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaolan Yao,&nbsp;Qing Fei,&nbsp;Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activity recognition (HAR) with smartphone sensors is a significant research direction in human-cyber-physical systems. Aiming at the problem of feature redundancy and low recognition accuracy of HAR, this paper presents a novel system architecture comprising three parts: feature selection based on an oppositional and chaos particle swarm optimization (OCPSO) algorithm, multi-input one-dimensional convolutional neural network (MI-1D-CNN) utilizing time-domain and frequency-domain signals, and deep decision fusion (DDF) combining D-S evidence theory and entropy. The proposed architecture is evaluated on the UCI HAR and WIDSM datasets. The results highlight that OCPSO performs better than particle swarm optimization (PSO) in feature selection, convergence speed, and recognition accuracy. Moreover, it is shown that for the MI-1D-CNN classifier, the frequency-domain signals (95.96%) perform better than time-domain signals (95.66%). In addition, this paper investigates the impact of the convolution layers, feature maps, filter sizes, and decision fusion methods on recognition accuracy. The results demonstrate that the DDF method (97.81%) outperforms single-layer decision fusion in improving the recognition accuracy on the UCI HAR dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"8 2","pages":"76-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50138439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and research of power system Beidou timing and positioning module based on K-means clustering and gross error processing","authors":"Yawei Xu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaona Yang,&nbsp;Ke Deng,&nbsp;Zhiyuan He","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clock synchronisation of the power system is to realise the clock synchronisation of the whole network. The clock synchronisation network is composed of the clock synchronisation systems of power grids at all levels. Dispatching agencies, power plants, and substations have their clock synchronisation systems. By using computer technology, communication technology, and network technology, combined with the topological structure of the power grid and geographic information of the geographic information system, automatically process the key index data to ensure that the distribution network project can manage the power consumption and distribution 24 h without interruption. Considering the particularity of power, the accuracy of the receiver is strictly required, and so are the positioning, speed measurement, and time accuracy. Test indicators study a set of accurate and reliable test and evaluation methods. A gross error processing method based on the k-means algorithm is proposed. Experiments show that gross errors can be well identified and eliminated in one-dimensional and multidimensional data. Considering that invalid data may be hidden in the test data, to improve the identification accuracy without affecting the detection of normal gross errors, based on the proposed k-means algorithm, the number of visible satellites is added. Because the magnitude difference between the number of visible satellites and the original three-dimensional positioning error data is relatively large, it is normalised first. The processing data is extended from three-dimensional to four-dimensional. The experimental simulation shows that it can not only identify invalid data but also ensure a good effect of gross error elimination, reduce possible economic losses, bring significant direct and indirect economic benefits, and verify the feasibility and promotional value of the online monitoring platform through practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Approaches for Cyber Security in Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-16088-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16088-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80577064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial: Learning, optimisation and control of cyber-physical systems","authors":"Jian Sun,&nbsp;Qing-Long Han,&nbsp;Guo-Ping Liu,&nbsp;Yajun Pan,&nbsp;Tao Yang,&nbsp;Jiahu Qin","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12040","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems with built-in seamless integration of physical and cyber components. Fundamental developments in sensing, communication, control, and computing technologies endow CPS with flexibility, adaptability, scalability, and robustness. The availability and size of input-output data generated along with the control of CPS bring a unique opportunity for machine learning techniques to advance the theory of dynamical control systems, by learning control rules directly from data. Integration of input-output data into adaptive, robust, predictive, and distributed control policies holds the key to exploiting the potential of learning and optimisation in the CPS designs. There are several challenges related to sampling, transmission, synchronization, as well as associated cyber security when merging contemporary data-based and traditional model-based control techniques for CPS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The overarching goal of this special issue is to bring together innovative developments on the interface between learning, control, and optimisation targeting cyber-physical opportunities emerging from power, transportation, and manufacturing systems. Through a rigorous peer review process, three articles have been accepted, which are summarised below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the study, “Learning-based distributed adaptive control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown leader dynamics”, the authors develop a distributed adaptive tracking control method for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown leader dynamics in a directed graph. In contrast to the reported leader-following consensus studies, the prior knowledge of the leader is supposed to be cognised by some or all of the followers, the situation that the leader's dynamics are totally unrecognised but can be learned for each individual follower is considered. A data-driven learning algorithm using the system’s data is developed to reconstruct the unknown systems matrix. Then, an adaptive distributed dynamic compensator is exploited to provide the leader's state estimation in a directed graph. Afterwards, a dynamic output feedback control law for each agent is projected. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithms not only ensure that all followers can identify the unknown system matrix but also guarantee that the distributed output leader-following consensus control with heterogeneous dynamics is achieved without any global information.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the study, “Sampled-data synchronisation of singular Markovian jump system (SMJS): application to a DC motor model”, the authors consider the sampled-data synchronisation problem for SMJSs subject to aperiodic sampled-data control. Firstly, by constructing mode-dependent one-sided loop-based Lyapunov functional (LBLF) and two-sided LBLF, two different stochastically admissible conditions are suggested for error SMJSs with aperiodic sampled-data. It is guaranteed that the slave system is stochastically synchronised to t","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"7 4","pages":"157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91856210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust optimal attitude control for hexarotors with disturbances, uncertainties, and delays","authors":"Taleb Abdollahi,&nbsp;Sepideh Salehfard","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A robust optimal attitude controller for hexarotor helicopters is proposed. Compared to the previous research studies on hexarotors, the current study takes account of the influences of non-linear and coupling dynamics, structured and unstructured uncertainties, external time-varying disturbances, and input time delays. A linear time-invariant system is derived for each Euler angle by considering the actual rotational dynamic model as a nominal non-linear system plus an equivalent perturbation, including non-linear and coupling dynamics, uncertainties, disturbances, and time delays. Using this approach, a Linear Quadratic Regulation controller is first designed for the nominal linear system of each angle to accomplish the desired tracking performances. Then, a robust compensator based on the robust compensation method is proposed to counteract the effects of the equivalent perturbation on the system. Moreover, the robust attitude tracking property and uniform asymptotical stability of the closed-loop hexarotor system are proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Several simulations have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller. Finally, experimental results are provided to confirm the robust performance of the proposed controller.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50123663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key problems of gas-fired power plants participating in peak load regulation: A review","authors":"Gang Wang,&nbsp;Mingde Bi,&nbsp;Haifeng Fan,&nbsp;Yihui Fan,&nbsp;Cheng Huang,&nbsp;Yiyue Shi,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Di Liu,&nbsp;Haochen Hua","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12042","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cps2.12042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The peak regulation capacity of gas-fired power plants has always been an important flexibility resource of the power grid. Under the guidance of carbon emission reduction, the coal power units are gradually shut down, making the role of gas-fired power plants more important. However, in practice, gas-fired power plants often fail to show satisfactory flexibility. The main reasons are as follows: (1) Part of the capacity mechanism fails to effectively encourage gas-fired power plants to provide reliable flexibility and (2) the unreliability of fuel supply for gas-fired power plants. Aiming at these problems, the current capacity mechanism in different countries is first summarised and the applicability of the capacity mechanism for gas-fired power plants under the government regulation and market-oriented environment is analysed, respectively. Then, the characteristics of power dispatching and gas dispatching are analysed to explore the internal reasons for the unreliable fuel supply in gas-fired power plants. Based on the above analysis, the gas-electric coordination mechanism adapted to different development stages is proposed to solve the problem that the flexibility of gas-fired power plants cannot be guaranteed. In summary, through the research of this study, it is found that the main reason for the limited flexibility of gas-fired power plants is the lack of coordination among multiple entities belonging to different energy systems, such as electricity and gas. The cooperation mechanism proposed is an attempt to realise the cooperation between the electric system and the gas system, which provides the reference for closer collaboration among multiple energy systems in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"8 4","pages":"222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83994841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampled-data synchronization of singular Markovian jump system: Application to DC motor model","authors":"Linqi Wang,&nbsp;Guoliang Chen,&nbsp;Te Yang,&nbsp;Jianwei Xia","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sampled-data synchronization problem for singular Markovian jump systems (SMJSs) subject to aperiodic sampled-data control is investigated. Firstly, via constructing mode-dependent one-sided loop-based Lyapunov functional (LBLF) and two-sided LBLF, two different stochastically admissible conditions are suggested for error SMJSs with aperiodic sampled-data. It is guaranteed that the slave system is stochastically synchronized to the master system on the basis of the proposed stochastically admissible conditions. Secondly, two corresponding mode-dependent aperiodic sampled-data controller design approaches are provided for error SMJSs based on two different conditions, separately. Finally, the validity of these approaches is demonstrated by a direct current (DC) motor model. It also demonstrated that the two-sided LBLF method possesses a larger upper bound of sampled-data period than the one-sided LBLF method.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"7 4","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91928726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning-based distributed adaptive control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown leader dynamics","authors":"Di Mei,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Lihua Dou,&nbsp;Yong Xu","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the distributed adaptive tracking control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown leader dynamics in a directed graph. In contrast to the reported leader-following consensus studies, the prior knowledge of the leader is supposed to be cognised to some or all of followers, the situation that the leader's dynamics is totally unrecognised but can be learnt for each individual follower is considered. A data-driven learning algorithm using the systems data is developed to reconstruct the unknown systems matrix. Then, an adaptive distributed dynamic compensator is exploited to provide the leader's state estimation in a directed graph. Afterwards, a dynamic output feedback control law for each agent is projected. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithms not only ensure that all followers can identify the unknown system matrix, but also guarantee that the distributed output leader-following consensus control with heterogeneous dynamics is achieved without any global information. Finally, a numerical example is provided to testify the proposed algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"7 4","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91832965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient Industrial Internet of Things video data processing system for protocol identification and quality enhancement","authors":"Lvcheng Chen,&nbsp;Liangwei Liu,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Video has become an essential medium to monitoring, identification and knowledge sharing. For industrial applications, especially Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), videos encoded with specific protocols are transferred to smart gateways. In a typical IIoT scenario, the protocol of the video is firstly recognised, which prepares for subsequent video tasks. Due to the constrained resources in such scenarios, the video quality can be deteriorated during encoding and compression processes, which is challenging for IIoT. Recently, there have been extensive works focussing on the protocol identification (PI) and video quality enhancement (VQE) tasks on IIoT edge devices using deep neural networks (DNNs). Since DNNs often require high computational resources, complex networks can hardly be deployed on edge devices. An IIoT system which can efficiently identify the stream protocol and enhance the video quality is proposed in this study. The light-weighted network designs and inference optimisation techniques have been proposed for PI and VQE to realise efficient deployments. Our proposed system employed on an IIoT edge device can achieve an accuracy of higher than 97.52% with fast inference speed for PI. For the VQE task, our system has demonstrated superior performance (15.230 FPS, 0.773 FPS/W) in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"8 2","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predefined-time distributed event-triggered algorithms for resource allocation","authors":"Xiasheng Shi,&nbsp;Lei Xu,&nbsp;Tao Yang","doi":"10.1049/cps2.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The resource allocation problem in a distributed multi-agent system is considered in this study. First, the authors develop a predefined-time distributed algorithm and analyse its convergence analysis using the Lyapunov stability theory, in which the local constraint is ensured by a differential projection operator. Thus, a predefined time is obtained by a time-varying time-based generator. Second, to reduce the communication consumption between agents, the authors develop a static as well as a dynamic-based event-triggered control scheme, where the information broadcast only occurs at some discrete time instants. Moreover, the three proposed algorithms converge precisely to the global optimal solution. Besides, the Zeno behaviour is excluded in the above static and dynamic event-triggered mechanisms. Finally, the authors test the proposed algorithms' efficiency based on the provided numerical examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":36881,"journal":{"name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications","volume":"7 4","pages":"183-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cps2.12036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91856540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}