Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 76.","authors":"Covid-Epidemiology And Surveillance Team","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.51","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza during 2022.","authors":"Tanya R Diefenbach-Elstob, Presa Chanthalavanh, Monica E Bobbitt, Sook Kwan Brown, Cleve Rynehart, Natalie Spirason, Heidi Peck, Yi-Mo Deng, Clyde Dapat, Kanta Subbarao, Ian G Barr","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.43","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of its role in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne received a record total of 12,073 human influenza positive samples during 2022. Viruses were analysed for their antigenic, genetic and antiviral susceptibility properties. Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen's eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. In 2022, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated over influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, accounting for 77% of all viruses analysed. The majority of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically and genetically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the southern hemisphere in 2022. Of 3,372 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed highly reduced inhibition against oseltamivir.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of National Surveillance Data on Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Australia, 2016-2018 Final Report.","authors":"Cyra Patel, Aditi Dey, Han Wang, Peter McIntyre, Kristine Macartney, Frank Beard","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.40","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erratum Two tables within this report, as originally published, contained errors which are notified and corrected here.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATAGI 2023 Annual Statement on Immunisation.","authors":"Madeline Valeri, Shireen Durrani, Catherine Tran, Clayton Chiu, Kristine K Macartney, Michelle L Giles, Nigel W Crawford, Australian Technical Advisory Group On Immunisation Atagi Secretariat Immunisation Branch Australian Government","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.42","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-environmental and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal disease in the Northern Territory of Australia.","authors":"Johanna M Birrell, Bart J Currie, Asanga Abeyaratne, Sandawana William Majoni, Rowena Boyd","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.39","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the socio-environmental profile and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia over 10 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases of iGAS disease diagnosed between 1 May 2011 and 30 April 2021 were retrospectively identified from the NT Notifiable Diseases System and electronic health records accessed. Remoteness of residence, socio-economic index, seasonality and clinical characteristics were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 692 cases of iGAS disease identified in the NT during the period 1 May 2011 - 30 April 2021. The age-standardised incidence of iGAS disease was significantly higher in people living in very remote (57.1 cases per 100,000 population, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 48.6-65.5) and remote areas (40.9 cases per 100,000 population, 95% CI: 34.7-47.2) than in outer regional areas of the NT (15.7 cases per 100,000 population, 95% CI: 13.4-17.9). People with socio-economic disadvantage were also disproportionately affected, with an incidence of 52.6 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 46.2-58.9) in decile 1-3 populations, compared to 8.9 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 6.9-10.9) for decile 7-10. For cases with recorded severity data, 135 of 378 (36%) met locally-defined criteria for severe iGAS disease. Recurrent iGAS disease was commonly observed in the dialysis cohort, affecting 17 of the 106 patients during the study period (16% recurrence rate) and causing two deaths. Five molecularly-confirmed clusters of iGAS disease were identified from the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>iGAS disease is unevenly affecting people in the NT. Those living in areas of socio-economic disadvantage, those in remote and very remote communities, and those receiving dialysis were most affected. It is important that primordial, primary and secondary prevention measures be directed towards supporting these disadvantaged population groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low burden of severe illness: the COVID-19 Omicron outbreak in the remote Torres and Cape region of Far North Queensland.","authors":"Caroline Taunton, Leanne Hawthorne, Rittia Matysek, Johanna Neville, Marlow Coates, Emma Pickering, Josh Hanson, Simon Smith, Allison Hempenstall","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.41","DOIUrl":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared in the remote Torres and Cape region of Far North Queensland soon after the Queensland border opened for quarantine-free domestic travel in December 2021, with a total of 7,784 cases notified during the first ten-month outbreak period. We report a crude attack rate among residents of 25.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 25.1-26.1%), a hospitalisation rate of 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3-1.9%) and a crude case fatality rate of 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01-0.13%). Hospitalisation and case fatality rates were similar among First Nations and non-Indigenous people, with double dose COVID-19 vaccination rates higher among First Nations than non-Indigenous people by the end of the outbreak period. We attribute the low burden of severe illness to local community leadership, community engagement, vaccination coverage and recency, and community participation in a local culturally considered COVID-19 care-in-the-home program.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 75: Reporting period ending 4 June 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from a COVID-19 outbreak in the disability support sector, Australian Capital Territory, August 2021.","authors":"Aruna Phabmixay,&nbsp;Ben Polkinghorne,&nbsp;Alexandra Marmor,&nbsp;Nevada Pingault,&nbsp;Timothy Sloan-Gardner,&nbsp;Martyn Kirk","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>People with disability are at higher risk of severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to complex client needs and available staffing, disability support providers (DSP) were limited in their ability to mitigate the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into disability support settings. This report describes the characteristics of a Delta variant outbreak associated with a single DSP in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), in August 2021. We calculated attack rates for workplace exposure sites and households, using the number of people present at workplaces and households as the denominator. Thirty confirmed cases were identified, comprised of 13 support workers, six clients, and 11 household and other contacts. The median age of cases was 30.5 years (range 1 to 80 years) and 5 cases (17%) were hospitalised. No cases were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or died. Twenty-two percent of people in close contact with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in this cluster (23/103) subsequently tested positive to SARS-CoV-2. Investigations identified multiple primary cases, with one primary case the likely infection source for at least 17 other cases. Despite the majority being eligible for vaccination, only two cases were fully vaccinated (two doses > 14 days before exposure). The mean secondary attack rate at workplace sites (15% or 12/80 close contacts infected) was lower than the tertiary attack rate (47.8% or 11/23 close contacts infected). The overall risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in DSP-related work sites was lower than for household settings (relative risk: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.82). These findings demonstrate the importance of ongoing collaboration between governments and the disability support sector. Development and delivery of targeted health messaging to people with disability and to disability support workers, regarding infection control in the home setting, and identification of enablers for vaccination, should be the highest priorities from this collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving epidemiology of Q fever in Wide Bay.","authors":"Matthew Roughan,&nbsp;Emma Hodge,&nbsp;Arifuzzaman Khan,&nbsp;Josette Chor","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Q fever is a notifiable disease in Australia due to its public health significance. Recent data in the Wide Bay region (Queensland, Australia) suggests a rising number and changing geographical distribution of Q fever cases. This study aims to evaluate these changes through analysis of data from Queensland Health's Notifiable Conditions System (NoCS) over a ten-year period. A comparison was made between the recent five-year period (2018-2022) and the preceding five-year period (2013-2017) with reference to incidence rates, location of cases and likely exposures. Incidence rates of Q fever showed an upward trend over time, particularly in urban areas. This highlights the need for increased clinical suspicion, improved awareness among the community and healthcare providers, and potentially broadening of vaccination recommendations in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2022.","authors":"Matthew Kaye,&nbsp;Linda Hobday,&nbsp;Aishah Ibrahim,&nbsp;Leesa Bruggink,&nbsp;Bruce Thorley","doi":"10.33321/cdi.2023.47.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2023.47.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System, and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2022, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1.69 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, thereby meeting the WHO's performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. The non-polio enteroviruses coxsackievirus A2, coxsackievirus A6, coxsackievirus A10, echovirus 18, enterovirus A71 and enterovirus C96 were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia also performs enterovirus and environmental surveillance to complement the clinical system focussed on children. In 2022, thirty cases of wild poliovirus were reported from three countries (Afghanistan, Mozambique and Pakistan); 24 countries also reported cases of poliomyelitis due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":36867,"journal":{"name":"Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}