Julian Keil, Annika Korte, Dennis Edler, Frank Dickmann
{"title":"Spatial Studies in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality: Potentials, Challenges, and Requirements.","authors":"Julian Keil, Annika Korte, Dennis Edler, Frank Dickmann","doi":"10.1007/s42489-026-00219-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42489-026-00219-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of extended reality (XR) hardware for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications provides new opportunities for innovative spatial research. It enables ways for immersive (re-)presentation of and interaction with spatial environments that are not possible with monitor-based studies. Simultaneously, using XR hardware can either extend opportunities of studies in physical material environments with virtual augmentations or provide extensive experimental control over stimuli and distractors by exposing participants to fully virtual spatial representations. However, these new research approaches require adjustments to the planning and execution of spatial studies. Furthermore, new challenges such as the occurrence of VR sickness or the need for accurate spatial tracking under different environmental conditions must be addressed. In this article, we examine basic potentials, challenges, and requirements associated with spatial research with XR hardware. Furthermore, we address inherent trade-offs of various design decisions, such as the selection of a specific head-mounted display (HMD), software tools, and general experiment design characteristics such as available locomotion methods and stimulus presentation. By providing an overview of important issues associated with the design of spatial studies with XR hardware, we aim to give spatial researchers an entry point into the development of VR and AR studies, or to offer additional food for thought for researchers with initial XR experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"76 2","pages":"191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13216140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank Dickmann, Annika Korte, Denise O Meara, Cara Oster, Dennis Edler, Nikolai Axmacher, Julian Keil
{"title":"The Contribution of Spatially Tuned Brain Cells to Human Navigation Performance.","authors":"Frank Dickmann, Annika Korte, Denise O Meara, Cara Oster, Dennis Edler, Nikolai Axmacher, Julian Keil","doi":"10.1007/s42489-026-00225-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42489-026-00225-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital navigation systems facilitate goal-directed travel but reduce active engagement with the surrounding environment-a process critical for the formation of allocentric cognitive maps. Neuroscientific evidence reveals that spatial orientation relies on the coordinated activity of specialized spatially tuned neuronal populations, including place cells, head direction cells, grid cells, and border cells. This article introduces the specific properties of these spatially tuned cells, which encode central components of spatial information such as position, direction, distance, boundaries, and object relationships. Cell activities are continuously modulated by the perception of stable landmarks and environmental boundaries. This could form the basis for a \"neurocartographic\" approach that focuses on the systematic use of these cell activities to support spatial orientation. Enhancing the visual salience of landmarks and boundary structures, as well as integrating Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality(AR)-based components, may strengthen the metric representation of space-particularly grid cell-based coding. The overarching objective of this approach is to promote the development of allocentric and egocentric spatial representations during both real-world navigation and map-based wayfinding, thereby counteracting the decline in navigational abilities observed with the widespread use of digital turn-by-turn systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"76 3","pages":"307-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dark-is-More Bias auch im Dunkelmodus? Wahrnehmung von Farben in Choroplethenkarten im Dunkelmodus","authors":"Jochen Schiewe","doi":"10.1007/s42489-024-00171-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-024-00171-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Have you also been a member of the DGfK for 60 years?","authors":"Jochen Schiewe","doi":"10.1007/s42489-024-00170-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-024-00170-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative Text-to-Image Diffusion for Automated Map Production Based on Geosocial Media Data","authors":"A. Dunkel, D. Burghardt, M. Gugulica","doi":"10.1007/s42489-024-00159-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-024-00159-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"111 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Woźniak, Wojciech Rymarkiewicz, Dawid Łyszczasz, Tymoteusz Horbiński
{"title":"Effectiveness Study on the Correct Interpretation of Point Symbols Using the Online Survey Method on the Example of the Witcher 3: Wild Hunt","authors":"Jakub Woźniak, Wojciech Rymarkiewicz, Dawid Łyszczasz, Tymoteusz Horbiński","doi":"10.1007/s42489-023-00158-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00158-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"42 9","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank Dickmann, Julian Keil, Annika Korte, Dennis Edler, Denise O Meara, Martin Bordewieck, Nikolai Axmacher
{"title":"Improved Navigation Performance Through Memory Triggering Maps: A <i>Neurocartographic</i> Approach.","authors":"Frank Dickmann, Julian Keil, Annika Korte, Dennis Edler, Denise O Meara, Martin Bordewieck, Nikolai Axmacher","doi":"10.1007/s42489-024-00181-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42489-024-00181-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When using navigation devices the \"cognitive map\" created in the user's mind is much more fragmented, incomplete and inaccurate, compared to the mental model of space created when reading a conventional printed map. As users become more dependent on digital devices that reduce orientation skills, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient navigation systems that promote orientation skills. This paper proposes to consider brain processes for creating more efficient maps that use a network of optimally located cardinal lines and landmarks organized to support and stabilize the neurocognitive structures in the brain that promote spatial orientation. This new approach combines neurocognitive insights with classical research on the efficiency of cartographic visualizations. Recent neuroscientific findings show that spatially tuned neurons could be linked to navigation processes. In particular, the activity of grid cells, which appear to be used to process metric information about space, can be influenced by environmental stimuli such as walls or boundaries. Grid cell activity could be used to create a new framework for map-based interfaces that primarily considers the brain structures associated with the encoding and retrieval of spatial information. The new framework proposed in this paper suggests to arrange map symbols in a specific way that the map design helps to stabilize grid cell firing in the brain and by this improve spatial orientation and navigational performance. Spatially oriented cells are active in humans not only when moving in space, but also when imagining moving through an area-such as when reading a map. It seems likely that the activity of grid cells can be stabilized simply by map symbols that are perceived when reading a map.</p>","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"74 3-4","pages":"251-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Is the Current Research on Theoretical Cartography?","authors":"Dennis Edler","doi":"10.1007/s42489-023-00156-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00156-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"56 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nehmen Sie es auch mal persönlich","authors":"Jochen Schiewe","doi":"10.1007/s42489-023-00155-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00155-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Appraisal of Water Quality using Geostatistics: A Case Study in Bankura Sub-division, West Bengal (India)","authors":"Atikuzzaman Laskar, G. Bhunia","doi":"10.1007/s42489-023-00152-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00152-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36860,"journal":{"name":"KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information","volume":"62 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}