IET Nanodielectrics最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Dielectric Materials and Composites: Polarisation Effects, Synthesis Methods and Applications","authors":"Kiran Keshyagol,&nbsp;Shivashankarayya Hiremath,&nbsp;Vishwanatha HM,&nbsp;Pavan Hiremath","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nde2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dielectric materials are key elements in modern electronic applications such as sensors, actuators and communication systems. This review consolidates the importance of dielectric polarisation effects, dielectric parameters, synthesis methods, matrix–filler interactions and emerging applications based on dielectric composite materials. This study provides a structured overview by identifying critical aspects of dielectric research, with emphasis on polarisation behaviour, synthesis approaches and practical applications. The interaction of electronic materials produces different polarisation effects that help in evaluating the dielectric nature of composites. A major factor in dielectric materials is the influence of energy storage capability with minimal electric field loss. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow has been used to identify keywords and consolidate the most influential parameters of dielectric systems. Metallic, ceramic and carbon-based fillers are highly promising for tailoring the properties of dielectric composites. Recent studies have focused on the effects of the matrix, filler type, frequency, dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss. Furthermore, different synthesis methods are discussed in a simplified manner, highlighting the potential of advanced approaches, such as printing technologies, for preparing dielectric composites. Some composite systems demonstrate property tailoring according to research needs, offering reduced dielectric losses and improved permittivity for enhanced energy storage. Overall, dielectric composites have emerged as highly promising candidates for future applications, potentially as replacements for conventional dielectric materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Dielectric and Multiferroic Properties in BiFeO3-SrTiO3 Solid Solution Synthesised via Molten Salt Route for Capacitor-Based Storage Applications","authors":"Nellutla Jahangeer,&nbsp;Priyanka Mitra,&nbsp;B. Harihara Venkataraman","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nde2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃, BFO) is a prominent lead-free multiferroic material, whereas strontium titanate (SrTiO₃, STO) is a high-permittivity perovskite oxide widely used to tailor dielectric performance. In this work, the solid-solution formation of (1 − <i>x</i>)BFO-<i>x</i>STO (0.1 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.4) nano-ceramics was synthesised via a low-temperature molten salt method using NaCl as a flux. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure without secondary phases. The FESEM micrographs indicated the uniform granular-shaped grain morphology of BFO. The XPS revealed the presence of mixed-valence Fe ions, indicating partial reduction within the BFO lattice. The incorporation of STO suppressed oxygen vacancies, enhancing the dielectric constant (∼151 at 100 kHz for <i>x</i> = 0.4) and reducing the dielectric loss with increasing STO content. M-H loops exhibited weak ferromagnetic behaviour, attributed to enhanced spin canting and lattice distortion. These results highlight the effective tuning of dielectric and magnetic properties through STO substitution, demonstrating the potential of BFO-STO ceramics for multifunctional electronic device applications such as spintronics and dielectric storage components.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Dielectric and Energy Storage Performances in Surface Modified High-Crystallinity BOPP Capacitor Films","authors":"Haoran Sun,&nbsp;Shiang Zhao,&nbsp;Zhexu Shi,&nbsp;Huarui Yan,&nbsp;Zhongjun Zhou,&nbsp;Minhao Yang","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/nde2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-crystallinity polypropylene (PP) has broad applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and processing properties. However, its capacitive energy storage performance deteriorates severely under high electric fields. In this paper, two surface modification methods, ultraviolet irradiation and surface fluorination, were adopted to modify the commercially biaxially stretched polypropylene (BOPP) film, and the effects of these methods on the surface structure, chemical composition, thermal properties, mechanical properties, dielectric properties and energy storage properties of the material were systematically studied. The results show that the introduction of oxygen-containing polar groups by ultraviolet irradiation and the formation of C-F bonds through fluorination treatment can effectively augment the electron injection barrier, suppress charge injection and migration and significantly improve breakdown strength, energy density and charge–discharge efficiency. The breakdown strength was significantly improved from 750 MV/m of pristine BOPP film to 790 MV/m of UV irradiated film and 831 MV/m of fluorinated sample, respectively. As a result, the energy density of the ultraviolet irradiated sample is 5.62 J/cm³ and the efficiency is 92%. The energy density of the fluorinated sample can reach 5.9 J/cm³ and the efficiency is 93%.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Carbon Nano-Doped Modified Epoxy Resin Under High Humidity Conditions","authors":"Liang Zou,&nbsp;Xinkai Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyun Han,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Jingyi Hou,&nbsp;Kejie Huang,&nbsp;Hanwen Ren","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the high-humidity environment, the epoxy resin (EP) insulating materials commonly used in reactors and other equipment are prone to accelerate ageing due to the damp and hot conditions, which affects the long-term stable operation of the equipment. However, at present, the research on the blocking effect of carbon nano-modified fillers on the invasion of water molecules into the epoxy resin matrix is still unclear. Based on this, we utilised molecular dynamics simulation technology to establish six EP models of EP materials under different conditions, including water molecule invasion (WI)/non-invasion (WNI) and carbon nanomaterial modification/no modification. The carbon nano-modified materials adopted Amido-Amine Functionalised Carbon Nanotube (AFCNT) and Hydroxyl Functionalised Graphene (HFGNP). We studied the changes in key performance indicators such as relative permittivity, thermal conductivity, and glass transition temperature of six models. Eventually, it was found that the relative permittivity of the EP model significantly increased after water molecule invasion but decreased after doping with AFCNT. The thermal conductivity of the six EP models increased, and the increase in the AFCNT-EP model was the most obvious, rising by 46.65% at 300 K. The glass transition temperatures of the models all decreased, but the decrease was reduced after doping and modification with carbon nanomaterials. Overall, except for thermal conductivity, the overall performance of the EP model deteriorated to varying degrees after water molecule invasion. However, the performance deterioration trend of the model was alleviated after doping with carbon nano-modified fillers, and the performance of the model doped with AFCNT was significantly better than that of the EP model doped with HFGNP. This research can provide certain theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering application of epoxy resin materials under extreme conditions such as high humidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Breakdown Strength and Stability of Transformer Oil by Flaxseed, Blackseed, and Castor Oils Blending Based Novel Nanofluid via Green Synthesis Revolution","authors":"Abubakar Siddique,&nbsp;Muhammad Yaqoob,&nbsp;Waseem Aslam,&nbsp;Shahid Atiq,&nbsp;Muhammad U. Shahid,&nbsp;Areeba Mishal,&nbsp;Sherif S. M. Ghoneim,&nbsp;Matti Lehtonen,&nbsp;Mohamed M. F. Darwish","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of a reliable, environmentally safe, and economic insulating oil for the transformer is an endless effort of the electrical industry. Mineral oil (MO), traditionally used, presents challenges including high cost, environmental impact, and limited availability. Consequently, research has shifted towards alternative solutions, aligning with green energy and environmental conservation goals. Natural ester oil has gained keen attention due to its complete biodegradability and widespread availability. This study explores alternative options, including a blend of vegetable oils (Blackseed, Castor, Flaxseed, and Mustard), aiming to enhance transformer insulation and cooling efficiency through this novel nanofluid. A novel nanofluid was synthesised using different ratios of proposed oils to produce a 300 mL sample blend of vegetable oil containing 0.03 g (0.0001 wt%) of green-synthesised SiO₂ nanoparticles (average size ∼20–30 nm). These nanoparticles were fabricated using an eco-friendly method based on Moringa leaf extract, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This sample was prepared for testing and validation at the advanced High Voltage Laboratory in accordance with the IEC-60156 standard to evaluate dielectric properties. Furthermore, thermal stress was applied to the proposed samples to replicate real-time conditions. Moreover, conducted comparative analyses between a newly proposed vegetable oil-based nanofluid and conventional MO, emphasising dielectric properties, including AC and DC breakdown voltage (BDV) and stability. Results demonstrate that the eco-friendly vegetable oil-based nanofluid surpasses traditional MO by a significant 19% margin in breakdown strength. Stability assessments reveal only a 0.32% reduction in BDV for the proposed nanofluid after 6 years of simulated equivalent ageing, contrasting with a 19% reduction observed in MO. This contemporary research highlights the potential of the proposed nanofluid as a promising alternative to conventional MO, as evidenced by comprehensive testing and analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Dielectric Spectrum: Tricks and Treats of Analysis and Interpretation Around the Conductivity Relaxation","authors":"Stavros X. Drakopoulos","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of polymer nanodielectrics as suitable materials in energy storage devices highlights the importance of a deep understanding of their dielectric/electrical properties. When conductive materials are employed as nanofillers, strong interfacial polarisation and free charge carrier transport phenomena occur that both contribute to the imaginary permittivity as a peak and as a power law in the form of <i>σ</i>₀/(<i>ε</i>₀<i>ω</i>^<i>s</i>), respectively. To effectively discern and understand the two phenomena, the use of different dielectric formalisms is often preferred, that is, by the complex electric modulus <i>M</i>*(<i>ω</i>). However, when <i>M</i>*(<i>ω</i>) is employed, the free charge carrier contribution transforms into a step in <i>M′</i>(<i>ω</i>) and into a peak in <i>M</i>″(<i>ω</i>), namely, the conductivity relaxation, that can be difficult to distinguish from interfacial polarisation or dipolar effects. A general relation is proposed here to describe the non-Debye polarisation component of interfacial polarisation and non-Ohmic transport of free charge carriers in its electric modulus representation. From this relation, the conductivity relaxation can be isolated into a separate function and is shown to exhibit a symmetrical broadening that cannot be described by the semi-empirical Havriliak–Negami function when it deviates from Ohmic behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite Dielectrics BaTiO3–Fe Consolidated via Field-Assisted Sintering Technology","authors":"Pavel Ctibor,&nbsp;Libor Straka,&nbsp;Frantisek Lukac","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The composite cermet material based on BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Fe was compacted using the field-assisted sintering technology (FAST). Certain oxidation of Fe and also the presence of carbon, used in sintering equipment, were detected in the sintered material. The microstructure showed well separated two components and certain porosity. Dielectric parameters were measured between 30°C and 150°C and between frequencies 100 Hz and 20 MHz. Combination of dielectric parameters at 1 MHz frequency, that is, relative permittivity 5 200, loss tangent 0.051 and thermal coefficient of capacitance 715 ppm/°C made this composite promising among the addressed category of materials. The mechanisms of polarisation and conduction and their thermal activation were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Electrospun PVDF-HFP Nanofibres for Lithium-Ion Battery Separators Through the Incorporation of Inorganic Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical and Electrical Characterisation","authors":"Leonardo Gasperini,&nbsp;Iacopo Iannarelli,&nbsp;Simone Vincenzo Suraci,&nbsp;Davide Fabiani","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the physical-chemical and electrochemical performances of innovative separators for Li-ion batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibrous membranes. The nanofibrous mat is produced through the electrospinning process, ensuring high surface to volume (S/V) ratio and allows large-scale production under suitable conditions. The materials investigated in this work aim at overcoming some limitations specific to the commercial separators, for example, mechanical shrinkage and electrolyte uptake. This is achieved by adding nanoparticles of different types, for example, ZrO₂, SnO₂, SiO₂ at different concentrations. Results claim that nanofibrous separators improve the mechanical and thermal stability of the mat without significantly impacting its electrochemical performances. In particular, the addition of 7 wt% of ZrO₂ nanoparticles to the nanofibrous separator showed to outperform commercially available solutions (i.e., Celgard) in terms of mechanical and thermal stability exhibiting, also, electrochemical performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Generation of High-Efficiency Ziegler–Natta Catalyst for Synthesising Ultra-Clean Isotactic Polypropylene as Capacitor Film Substrate","authors":"Jingjiao Liu,&nbsp;Chaojie Gai,&nbsp;Chao Yu,&nbsp;Kefeng Wang,&nbsp;Chunpeng Cao,&nbsp;Haojie Cao,&nbsp;Jicheng Yu,&nbsp;Jiayong Li,&nbsp;Hongda Jia,&nbsp;Jiali Zheng,&nbsp;Kejing Gao,&nbsp;Qigu Huang","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of innovative electron donors (D1–D6) featured both internal and external electron donors in one molecular structure were designed and synthesised. The synthesised electron donors and traditional electron donors (DIBP) were effectively reacted with titanium-based catalysts supported on magnesium chloride to obtain a series of Ziegler–Natta catalysts (Cat 0–Cat 6). Cat 0 formed by electron donor DIBP. Similarly, Cat 1 by D1, Cat 2 by D2, Cat 3 by D3, Cat 4 by D4, Cat 5 by D5 and Cat 6 by D6, respectively, which were characterised by GC-MS, ¹H (¹³C)-NMR, XPS and SEM. It is interesting that the catalytic activity of the catalysts prepared by the newly synthesised electron donor was significantly higher than that of traditional DIBP for propylene polymerisation. Under atmospheric pressure condition of propylene, the catalytic activity of Cat 3 was 112.7 g PP/(g Cat · h) and Cat 6 reached 209.2 g PP/(g Cat · h) at the same conditions, both significantly higher than that of 34.1 g PP/(g Cat · h) of Cat 0. We adopted a prealkylation strategy for the catalysts preparation, reducing the optimal aluminium titanium ratio for propylene polymerisation from 50 to 30, decreasing the amount of cocatalyst used and thus reducing the ash content in the products. During the bulk polymerisation of propylene, the activity of prealkylated Cat 3 and Cat 6 is comparable, at 79.4 kg PP/(g Cat · h), which is about 2.3 times that of Cat 0 cooperated with external electron donor C during the polymerisation processes (35.2 kg PP/(g Cat · h)), and the obtained PP isotacticity reaches over 98%. Especially, Cat 1–Cat 6 were required no external electron donor for propylene polymerisation. In addition, the theoretical ash content of the products formed by Cat 3 and Cat 6 is only 22 ppm, which is significantly lower than that of Cat 0 (133 ppm). It is expected to be used in the industrial production of ultra-clean iPP powder for capacitor films.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Modification Effects in Metallisation of Dielectric Films","authors":"Jian-Tao Wang,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Shao-Long Zhong,&nbsp;Xin-Jie Wang,&nbsp;Baoquan Wan,&nbsp;Yan-Hui Song,&nbsp;Zhi-Min Dang","doi":"10.1049/nde2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1049/nde2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallised film capacitors consist of polymer dielectrics and electrodes which are considered as two layers. Due to the huge difference in thickness of two layers, metallisation can affect the microstructure and properties of metallised films, resulting in the bilayer structure model may not accurately describing properties. In this work, metallised films are considered as a whole rather than two layers of dielectric and electrode, whereas the process of film metallisation is regarded as a surface modification of the dielectric film. Metallised films with different metal layer thicknesses are prepared by vacuum evaporation. We investigated the dielectric, electrical and self-healing properties of metallised films. Films with thicker electrode present higher dielectric constant, conductivity, energy density and lower breakdown strength. Thinner metal layers result in less self-healing energy and better self-healing property. The difference in properties is attributed to the surface modification of dielectric films by nanoscale metallisation. Thicker electrode contributes to smaller surface roughness, which increases the polarization and charge capacity of metallised films, but also implies worse self-healing property. Surface modification provides a new perspective for researching metallised films.</p>","PeriodicalId":36855,"journal":{"name":"IET Nanodielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/nde2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}