Technology Architecture and Design最新文献

{"title":"The Static and Dynamic Interface: Mass Timber Rocking Wall Resilience","authors":"J. Heppner, Thomas Robinson","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967054","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010 and 2011, Christchurch, New Zealand experienced multiple unprecedented earthquakes. One hundred and eightyfive lives were lost and, by 2015, 40% of buildings in central Christchurch had to be demolished due to structural damage. In that same year, LEVER Architecture won a competition hosted by the USDA and Softwood Lumber Board to develop Framework (Figure 1), a 12-story, 150 ft. tall mass timber building in Portland, Oregon, a region of high seismicity in the United States. The project team, many with direct experience of the New Zealand earthquakes, focused on designing a sustainable, resilient, damage-resistant building. To serve as a demonstration of mass timber’s structural and aesthetic capabilities for tall buildings in seismic zones, the entire superstructure of the project is composed of mass timber, including both gravity and lateral force-resisting systems (Figure 2). The most innovative feature of the building’s lateral system is its post-tensioned re-centering rocking wall. This system was chosen as an opportunity to advance the architectural and structural engineering professions’ understanding of tall, recentering mass timber wall buildings, their requisite performance-based engineering methods, review criteria by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), and best practices for detailing the interface between the rocking wall and static building elements, i.e., deformation compatibility. The design team focused on maximizing exposure of wood structural elements, a challenge that required successful fire-testing of previously unproven assemblies to ensure exposed timber structural elements and their concealed connectors met the fire-resistance requirements while also accommodating The Static and Dynamic Interface: Mass Timber Rocking Wall Resilience","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82849914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing Place-Intelligence in Historic Environments for Sustainable Futures","authors":"Jyoti Hosagrahar","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88042744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interview with Peter Galison: On Method","authors":"P. Galison, W. Newman","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863659","url":null,"abstract":"ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utad20 Interview with Peter Galison: On Method Peter Galison & Winifred Elysse Newman (Interviewer) To cite this article: Peter Galison & Winifred Elysse Newman (Interviewer) (2021) Interview with Peter Galison: On Method, Technology|Architecture + Design, 5:1, 5-9, DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1863659 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863659","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open III: Call for Papers","authors":"W. Newman","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863669","url":null,"abstract":"Research methods is a developing area of interest in the built environment and OPEN to discussion. The concept of research encompasses ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods. Methodological choice often relates to the philosophical position of the researcher and the analyzed phenomenon. This is to say, closer consideration tells us that methods can be distinct from the products and aims of the research, such as knowledge and prediction. Methods are also different from the epistemic regimes that inform the values and justifications of the research aims, such as reproducibility or objectivity used to rationalize the use of a specific method or its method of evaluation. Methods cannot be derived from the places, problems, phenomena, disciplines, technologies, or conventions and professional habits associated with research. Recognizing there is a specific, rather than general, integrity of methods destabilizes the historically singular theories of methodological approach and suggests we can develop methods of applied research in design and the built environment without compromising the reliability of known methodological structures.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86460731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control or Affect? The Paradox of 3D‐Printed Wood","authors":"B. Brownell","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863680","url":null,"abstract":"Yin, R. K. 2018. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publishing. depositing multiple layers of material. Feedstocks typically consist of polymers, although other materials including metals, glass, and clay are also employed. Wood is a relative latecomer to the 3D printing sphere (the first filament was commercialized in 2012) because its individual ingredients burn, rather than melt, when heated. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in wood fiber must first be chemically or mechanically modified and/or blended with other materials to support Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and other AM processes commonly used today. For example, researchers at the Wallenberg Wood Science Center at the Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden created a printable medium from cellulose nanofibrils mixed with hydrogel.2 This gelatinous slurry, composed of over 95 percent water, is suitable for printing three-dimensional structures that retain their shape when dried in controlled conditions. Another approach combines fine wood particles with a printable polymer rather than separating the wood’s individual components. WoodFill, a 3D printing filament commercialized by the Netherlands-based company Colorfabb, consists of 30 percent recycled wood fibers and 70 percent polylactic acid (PLA), a bioplastic. Laywoo-D3, a filament created by German inventor Kai Parthy, consists of 35 percent recycled wood and 65 percent copolyesters.3 Because the bulk of additively manufactured wood is made with PLA and other polymers, the material is more accurately described as wood-plastic composite (WPC).4 The 3D printing of composites has become increasingly popular as a way to achieve sophisticated geometries at relatively low cost in a variety of media. The impetus to expend the additional effort to create printing media based on wood, rather than using more readily accessible polymer feedstocks, has two primary motivations. One is to replicate the effect of wood by mimicking its appearance, tactility, and even smell in a process that creates objects with extreme precision. The other is to create a more environmentally responsible 3D printing medium—a goal made possible by using repurposed feedstocks, such as repurposed waste wood, and bio-based polymers instead of petroleum-based plastics. San Leandro, Control or Affect? The Paradox of 3D-Printed Wood","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77719143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material Alignments","authors":"M. Gutierrez","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1887682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1887682","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Advances in computation have fomented a new era of material and building technology invention in architecture. Architects are reclaiming the territory of material invention through processes and methodologies forged through new computational protocols. New approaches to Pareto optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) integration, and non-invasive testing protocols pave the way to transformative material experimentation. However, how do we guide experiments designed around accomplishing specific material properties in architecture vis-a-vis engineering and sciences? Materials science addresses optimal experimental design by advancing computational analysis and tools to accelerate the materials discovery process. The capacity to discover or shape materials with augmented complexity increases as a function of time despite its disciplinary approach. In materials science, this trajectory revolves around trial-and-error and intuition, where often rapid progress is made if the synergy between theorists—who can often generate and suggest a list of compounds for possible synthesis—and experimentalists is utilized (Lookman et al. 2019). How and what is its equivalence in architecture and construction? The process of material innovation in design can stem from two varying routes: a design-led approach or a science-led approach (Ashby 2019, 33). The first approach starts with the performance requirements in a design usually geared towards applications. While architecture and engineering stem from varying perspectives and overall aims, both fields share the commonality of application. However, testing protocols and development differ significantly (Gutierrez 2014). The materialsscience-driven process originates in a deep understanding and manipulation of material properties. Material invention involves two fundamental steps: the material itself and the process by which it is turned into a new entity with computational, conceptual, and numerical differences essential in each field’s corresponding operations.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AutoFrame: A Novel Procedure to Auto-Convert Architectural Massing Models into Structural Simulation Models to Streamline Embodied- and Operational-Carbon Assessment and Daylight Evaluation in Early Design","authors":"Katharina Kral","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863674","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability and material efficiency are essential considerations in architecture. However, they are often evaluated late, absent optimization potentials inherent in architectural choices. Easy-to-use computational tools facilitate integration of performance parameters into design decision-making, but because different simulation environments require specific geometric input, simultaneous consideration of multiple constraints is not feasible without significant modeling. This research capitalizes on existing simulation tools and presents a novel procedure, AutoFrame, that converts architectural massing models into structural simulation input models to streamline daylight simulation, and embodied- and operational-carbon assessment during schematic design. Three reference buildings are used to validate the approach and a speculative case study demonstrates how the multi-disciplinary performance feedback guides design decisions while maintaining the flexibility of early design exploration.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89628189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Valley of Death: A Case for Entrepreneurship in Architecture","authors":"D. Sung","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863662","url":null,"abstract":"Rather than serve individual clients, architects can pursue an entrepreneurial path by identifying current problems in culture, environment, and society in order to propose patentable solutions or products. In doing so, architects can have greater agency in various facets of the manufacturing and certification processes to influence the direction of the industry and expand the role of the architect. The commercialization process of a passively dynamic self‐shading window product called InVert demonstrates opportunities and impediments of entrepreneurship in architecture.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84602791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel Paths of Inquiry: Detailing for DFAB HOUSE","authors":"Konrad Graser, A. Adel, Marco Baur, Daniel Sanz Pont, A. Thoma","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863668","url":null,"abstract":"DFAB HOUSE, a multi-technology demonstrator of digital fabrication in architecture, integrates six full-scale novel construction technologies into a three-story residential building for the first time (Graser et al. 2020) (Figure 1). Rather than a mere showcase of individual digital fabrication technologies, it explores how their synthesis across interfaces can drive the process of architectural design. This account focuses on the co-development of its most interrelated subsystems: Spatial Timber Assemblies (Adel et al. 2018; Thoma et al. 2018) and the Lightweight Translucent Facade (DFAB HOUSE 2020). Each of the subsystems fulfills specific design objectives: the timber structure demonstrates cooperative robotic assembly and its degrees of freedom, and optimizes structural performance and material use; the facade combines thermal performance and daylighting, allows a non-planar geometry optimal for prestressing, and creates an outward perception of the timber frame. However, these two subsystems perform synergistically. The stiffness of the irregular, triangulated timber frame relies on precision and variability of orientations, two strengths of nonstandard robotic fabrication and assembly routines, and permits employing a pliable, translucent membrane facade. Compression studs counterbalance the tensile forces of the facade system allowing its mass and footprint to be minimized (Figure 2). Parallel Paths of Inquiry: Detailing for DFAB HOUSE","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85997941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Occupancy Evaluation in Architectural Education and Practice","authors":"G. Cranz, Lusi Morhayim, G. Lindsay, Johann (Hans) Sagan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1863663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1863663","url":null,"abstract":"Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is a research method that examines how buildings function; when the functions include social life, social science methods must be employed. This paper advocates using POE social research both in architectural practice and in architectural education to promote evidence‐based design. Based on four decades of experience teaching POE to undergraduates at the University of California Berkeley, we show how POE can be conducted and taught: gather the research questions, set up teams to collect data using different data collection techniques, and analyze the results by comparing and contrasting the findings of each team. We discuss the importance of POE research to architectural practice, education, and accumulated institutional knowledge.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84008771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}