Oriental Studies最新文献

{"title":"Eight Khalkha Jebtsun-damba Khutukhtu and Pandito Khambo-Lama Dashi-Dorzho Itigelov, 1911–1915","authors":"Leonid Kuras, B. Tsybenov","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-56-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-56-63","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In 2024, Mongolia shall celebrate the 155th birthday of the Eighth Bogdo Gegeen — the political figure who founded modern Mongolian statehood in the early twentieth century. This charismatic leader was the one who took both secular and religious power over the new Mongolia. The article introduces into scientific circulation a variety of documents from the State Archive of Buryatia that show the actual attitudes of Imperial Russia’s Buddhists — articulated by the Twelfth Pandito Khambo-Lama — to the restoration of Mongolian statehood, and their reverence to the inspirer of the Mongolian Revolution. The examined official correspondence between Khambo Lama of ethnic Buryatia D.-D. Itigelov and Governor-General of Transbaikalia A. I. Kiyashko reveal a number of issues pertaining to the interaction between the spiritual leaders of Mongolia and Russia, show the actual attitude of Russia’s officials toward the Mongol statehood’s restoration, this very attitude to become, in fact, a political guarantee for the very existence of that statehood. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the official 1911–1913 correspondence between Pandito Khambo-Lama and Russian/Mongolian regional officials. To facilitate this, the paper shall analyze the correspondence between Pandito Khambo-Lama and Governor-General of Transbaikalia (December 1911 – February 1912); examine the former’s correspondence with Russian and Mongolian authorities (December 1912 – January 1913); investigate his letters discussing a dispatch of a special delegation comprising Buryat clerics and officials to Urga (April–May 1913). Conclusions. The study attests to Buryat Buddhists in the face of Pandito Khambo-Lama of Eastern Siberia D.-D. Itigelov sincerely welcomed the newly established Mongolian Government headed by the Eighth Bogdo Gegeen. The official correspondence between the spiritual leader of R ussian Buddhists and regional, Mongolian authorities shows both Imperial Russia’s cautious policy in the Mongolian question, and the bureaucratic slowness. Buryat Buddhists led by Pandito Khambo-Lama D.-D. Itigelov succeeded in arranging a special delegation to Urga to congratulate the Eighth Bogdo Gegeen and Mongolian people upon the declared independence of theirs.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposals by the Ministry of Internal Affairs Commission Headed by F. K. Girs to Subordinate the Kirghiz Inner Horde under Astrakhan Governorate: Administrative Structure and Judicial System, 1873","authors":"E. Gunaev","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-43-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-43-55","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the 1873 proposals by the Ministry of Internal Affairs Commission headed by F. K. Girs to place the Kirghiz Inner Horde under the administrative control of Astrakhan Governorate. The mentioned proposals constituted a total of five journals and were an earliest reform-related resolution that basically dealt with and somewhat criticized the preceding initiatives of Orenburg-based authorities to restructure the Horde. Results. The paper discusses a number of issues pertaining to the Inner Horde’s administrative restructuring project, relocation of its headquarters from Naryn-Peski, centralized localities for uyezd-level authorities, and its judicial system. Conclusions. The major criteria for the Inner Horde’s resubordination to Astrakhan Governorate included geographical, political, and socioeconomic ones. In terms of geography, the Governorate’s capital was closer, there were vacant pastures and a water transport route, the region was characterized by a sparser population and ‘well-rounded’ borders. The political reasons were that the Bukey Kazaks had somewhat detached from their fellow tribesmen that inhabited Trans-Ural steppes and were subordinate to Orenburg frontier-guarding forces, and from the latter’s Cossack-inhabited lands. Any further division into northern and southern parts — with the former be incorporated into Samara Governorate — would give rise to the necessity that ethnic Kazakhs get involved into zemstvo-level activities, which the authorities believed hardly feasible because of the population’s low civic awareness. The latter circumstance and a meagre population were also viewed by the aforementioned officials as hindrances to that the Inner Horde be transformed into an autonomous oblast. However, the Russian authorities did tend to retain the court of biys for certain spheres of Kazakh life. The socioeconomic criterion was manifested in that the Inner Horde’s executives would stay economically and financially dependent on the Astrakhan office, need to coordinate activities with neighboring nomads of the Governorate (Kalmyks, Kundrau Tatars), and take due account of stationary settlements. The proposals set forth by the Commission may serve a historical source indicative of Imperial Russia’s positions and viewpoints on further administrative resubordination of subject nomads.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bronze Age Site of Tarangul (Aktobe Cis-Urals): Examining One Casting Mold","authors":"Darkhan Baitileu, Albina Yerzhanova, Ilaria Calgaro","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-123-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-123-140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In 2021, the Mugodzhar (Mugalzhar) Crew of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology investigated the site of Tarangul and discovered a casting mold ― a rare artifact of utmost interest related to metal production and processing. Goals. The article seeks to describe and analyze the Bronze Age mold from Tarangul located in the Aktobe Cis-Urals, introduce into scholarly circulation some newly obtained scientific data. Results. The implemented analyses include those of natural science (micro-wear and spectral ones) and comparative typology, the latter to yield a classification of castings and their cultural affiliation. The tool mold has two surfaces with negative impressions. The first one was used to cast three sickles, while the second one (once consisted of two pieces) would cast a flat adze. The shapes attest to the mold was used to cast Kundravinskaya-type sickles widespread across the Late Bronze Age Southern Urals, Middle Volga, and Western Siberia. Kundravinskaya-type sickles are associated with the Alakul culture, the Kozhumberdy cultural group being a local variant of the latter in the region under study. The shape of the impression on the reverse side is characteristic of adzes from the Alakul era discovered in western parts of Eurasia’s steppe zone. The study concludes the mold had first consisted of two pieces and been used to cast adzes, and after the other piece was lost or damaged it started being used to cast sickles. The spectral analysis shows the castings were basically made from copper, and detects some traces of alloying. Another finding is that the three mold negatives were used not simultaneously but rather when and as it was necessary. In general, the conducted tests have well reconstructed the manufacturing techniques and stages of use for the mold from the Late Bronze Age settlement of Tarangul in the Aktobe Cis-Urals, and highlighted certain aspects in the study of molds as a specific source on metal production techniques and technologies in prehistory.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian-Persian Schools as an Element of Imperial Russia’s Soft Power Policy in Northern Persia: Late Nineteenth – Early Twentieth Centuries","authors":"Vladimir Kulakov","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-8-17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed an intensified Russia–UK confrontation in Persia, which was paralleled by penetrations of other great powers (France, Germany, USA) into the Near and Middle East. Under those conditions, Russia’s traditional economic methods of influence in Persia became insufficient. Goals. The study seeks to examine the phenomenon of Russian educational institutions in Northern Persia as another way of pursuing own national political goals in the designated country. The work aims at confirming — with evidence from archival documents — the activities of Russian-Persian schools during the specified period were to shape a positive image of Russia in Persian society. Materials and methods. The most important sources characterizing the process of opening Russian-Persian schools in Northern Persia (their goals and objectives, training agenda, certain results) are documents of both central authorities and diplomatic, economic and military institutions of the Russian Empire to Persia discovered at the Russian State Historical Archive. Analytical and generalization methods — with comparative into historiographic and archival materials — have proved most instrumental therein. Results. The article identifies some prerequisites for the emergence of Russian-Persian schools in Northern Persia, determines the validity of their activities in this particular region of the country, clearly outlines the context of Russia’s competition with other governments in this matter to conclude as follows: the Russian government was perfectly aware of the need to open such schools that would disseminate the Russian language and Russia-related ideas among Persia’s population; graduates of those educational institutions would serve an important element in pursuing Russia’s interests both in trade, economy, and politics; despite various difficulties — primarily financial ones — the schools were popular enough among ethnic Persians both in Tehran and in other cities of Northern Persia.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maksimovka I Grave Field (Forest-Steppe Volga Region): Results of the 2019 Excavations","authors":"A.I. Korolev, A. Shalapinin","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-93-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-93-109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The work publishes some results of excavations at the Maksimovka I grave field. Goals. So, the article seeks to introduce materials of the 2019 excavations. To facilitate this, the paper shall describe and characterize the investigated archaeological complexes, establish their cultural and chronological attributions. Materials. Archaeological material from the occupation layer comprises Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and eighteenth/twentieth century pottery, flint tools, and stone processing waste. Six burials were investigated at the site. Two burials had been destroyed and are nothing but heaps of heavily fragmented bones with no grave goods observed. In the third burial, the skeleton was lying on back in a northern-northwestern direction, accompanied by an iron knife and goat/sheep bones. The next burial consisted of four skulls and compact clusters of skeletal bones located nearby. The latter’s grave goods included flint arrowheads, a scraper, a bone spearhead, a pendant, beads, piercings and marmot incisors. The fifth burial contained a seated skeleton facing northeast and accompanied by a flint plate, an arrowhead and beads. In the last burial, the skeleton was lying on back in a northern-northwestern direction, accompanied by an ornamented clay vessel. A part of structure 1 was also examined. Results. The work shows that a total of three burials date back to the Late Chalcolithic, one — to the Late Bronze Age, and one — to the Middle Ages. The cultural and chronological attribution of the remaining burial has not been determined yet. Conclusions. The excavations at the Maksimovka I grave field have yielded materials from different cultures and periods, including Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and Medieval complexes.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Чагатайские и тимуридские панцирные нарукавья последней трети XIV – начала XVI в. и их дериваты","authors":"Leonid A. Bobrov","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-464-482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-464-482","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with plated (lamellar) armguards (‘oversleeves’) used by warriors of the Chagatai Ulus and the Timurid Empire. Goals. The study aims to identify key trends in the evolution of plated armguards across the Chagatai Ulus, the empire of Amir Timur, and the Timurid states in the late 14th to early 16th centuries. Results. The study reveals oversleeve-type armguards were not that rare and exotic in the then armour patterns as is sometimes believed, and for several centuries the former successfully competed with vambraces and other armour elements supposed to protect shoulders and forearms. In a historical perspective, the late medieval armguards proved somewhat manifested optimization and modernization of the imperial-era ‘Genghisid’ armour from the 13th and 14th centuries. The High and Late Middle Ages, as well as early modern times, witnessed the use of segmented armguards by armoured warriors across Southern Siberia, West, Central, South, and mainland East Asia. However, evolutionary trends were distinguished by certain specifics in different regions. Such armguards existed mainly in the mid-14th to early 16th centuries. The oversleeve-type armguards were evolutionarily drifting toward the optimization of plate embedding patterns (belts be replaced by rivets), as well as a gradual increase in the elasticity of this armour element via plate size reduction. The latter made it possible to place plates in several rows and expand the protected area up to the wrist. The final stage in the development of such plated armguards across the Muslim East was mail and plate ‘sleeves’. Segmented armguards could be worn with body armour characterized by different plate embedding structures (i.e., plates riveted, sewn, laced or connected with pieces of chainmail, as well as onto chainmail only). The main consumers of long plated oversleeve-type armguards in troops of Timur and Timurids were representatives of the nobility and line officers. Conclusions. The plated armguards were left behind by Central Asian communities as a result of transformed local military traditions in the aftermath of the collapse of the Timurid states in the early 16th century.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Древние некрополи Ергенинской возвышенности: палео­демографическое исследование населения катакомбной культуры (по материалам археологических раскопок 1981–2008 гг.)","authors":"Lyubov A. Bembeeva, Tatyana V. Lidzhikova","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-548-574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-548-574","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper is a continuation of the authors’ study dealing with the Middle Bronze Age population in Kalmykia. The study focuses on anthropological material from burials of the Catacomb culture within kurgan groups investigated in the Yergeni Upland. Goals. The article attempts a paleodemographic analysis of the population from four archaeological sites. Insights into general demographic conditions of the then population have been facilitated by anthropological material from burials of the mentioned era discovered in the Don and Azov regions of Rostov Oblast. The identification of pathological features, markers of physiological stress, and traces of traumas on bones makes it possible to depict an overall picture of living conditions experienced by representatives of the considered group. Results. Our paleodemographic analysis reveals the group was characterized by a very low lifespan (22.7 yrs) which resulted from the high infant mortality — 46,2 % of the investigated remains belong to children. The bulk of deceased adults are aged 30 to 40. Such figures are considered typical of Middle Bronze Age populations.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Благотворительная деятельность мусульманского купечества Казахстана в XIX – начале XX в.","authors":"Zufar A. Makhmutov, Tatiana A. Titova","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-495-504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-495-504","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The 19th century witnessed the emergence of a powerful Muslim merchant class in the steppe zone of Imperial Russia. Those were ethnic Tatars, Kazakhs, Sarts, Bukharans, Uighurs, and Shala Kazakhs based in Petropavlovsk and Semipalatinsk. Goals. The work aims to identify outcomes of charitable activities undertaken by Muslim merchants. Another objective is to distinguish the specifics of charity efforts and the latter’s main directions. Material and methods. The paper investigates documents housed at the Central State Archive of Kazakhstan, Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast, National Archive (former Central State Historical Archive) of Bashkortostan, Russian State Historical Archive, Archive of North Kazakhstan Region, and pre-revolutionary periodicals, reports of Muslim charitable societies, reference and encyclopedic materials. The study employs both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical research methods (comparative-historical and retrospective ones). Results. The paper outlines key directions of Muslim charities in the steppe, namely: social support, enlightening and educational endeavors. Muslim merchant benefactors tended to meet not only intra-confessional needs but also nationwide ones too. And while the imperial administration did welcome the assistance from entrepreneurs in solving country-wide problems, Muslim philanthropy would still face a number of obstacles. Officials were reluctant enough to grant permits for mosque constructions, inclined to limit the functioning of madrassas and charitable organizations, banned waqfs. However, despite all the bureaucratic and administrative barriers Muslims did manage to create a coherent system of funding their needs.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Местонахождение Шапи — новый памятник энеолита в Рын-песках Северного Прикаспия","authors":"Talgat B. Mamirov, Yerlan Ye. Klyshev, Samrat R. Kuandyk, Mambet S. Shagirbayev","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-533-547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-533-547","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A continental stage in the Northern Caspian geological history began with the Mangyshlak regression when sands that would shape the Ryn Desert were freed from marine waters, and the region started being actively invaded by humans, which is evidenced by numerous Stone Age sites. The bulk of the latter are represented by ‘open-air’ materials — some mixed complexes with few ceramic remains — and this does complicate chronological attributions of such archaeological collections. So, the study of monuments with preserved ‘cultural layers’ instrumental in obtaining a series of absolute dates is a primary task in understanding historical and cultural processes of the Mesolithic/Eneolithic in the Northern Caspian. Goals. The article aims to introduce into scientific circulation some materials discovered at the site of Shapi in the Ryn-Peski Desert. Materials and methods. The site of Shapi is located in the north-northwest of the Ryn Desert, 30 km south of Lake Aralsor in present-day Bokey Orda District of West Kazakhstan Region. The stone artefacts obtained are few enough, mainly of quartzitic sandstone, and number 67, e.g., 6 items are tools — arrowheads, an arrowhead fragment, a notched piece, a flake with a distinguished point, and a flake with retouch. There are 8 flint artefacts, including 5 tools — an arrowhead, fragments of blades with retouch, and two flakes with retouch. A pit was dug out on the spot abundant in finds, and it yielded bone remains of cattle, goats and sheep, a horse, a camel, and a dog (wolf). Results. Despite tool forms are few enough, one can note the presence of pieces with bifacial retouch and concave-based arrowheads with small wings. Species composition analysis of the bone remains shows those are dominated by cloven-hoofed animals, essentials of the examined bone complex attest to these are kitchen waste. Bone remains at depths of 20–40 and 40–60 cm yielded a series of calibration dates between 4048 and 3956 BCE. Conclusions. Chronologically, the site clusters with Late Eneolithic ones, and may be attributed to the late Khvalynsk and Altata cultures.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Социокультурная ситуация в селах Провиденского городского округа Чукотки глазами их жителей по полевым материалам 2021 г. Часть 1","authors":"Oksana P. Kolomiets, Nadezhda I. Vukvukai","doi":"10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-584-601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-67-3-584-601","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Due to remoteness, limited accessibility and ethnocultural uniqueness, Chukotka used to be — and still is — a particular region of Russia. In Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the nationwide and specifically ‘northern’ political, economic, social and cultural processes are paralleled by vivid local specifics manifested in all life spheres. The work introduces accounts of the current sociocultural situation articulated by rural residents of Providensky Urban Okrug. Goals. The paper aims to deliver native inhabitants’ opinions on village life, including which realms of social agenda they tend to view as promising, their actual challenges, controversies, and threats. Materials and methods. The study focuses on field materials collected in the town of Provideniya, villages of Enmelen, Nunligran, Sireniki, Novoye Chaplino, and Yanrakynnot in 2021. Special attention is paid to publications characterizing the socioeconomic situation of Chukotka’s indigenous peoples. Part One of the article reviews publications summarizing results of expeditions to Providensky District, briefly describes traditional occupations of rural dwellers, characterizes the sociocultural situation in the villages of Enmelen, Sireniki and Nunligran. Part Two shall deal with the sociocultural situation in the villages of Novoye Chaplino and Yanrakynnot. Conclusions. According to the Russian Census of 2020, the population of Providensky Urban Okrug is 3,707 people, of which 2,140 live in urban areas and 1,567 — in rural ones. About half of the residents are ethnic Chukchis (36.7%) and Eskimos (Siberian Yupiks; 19,1 %). The last ten years have witnessed a minor population growth only in two settlements — town of Provideniya and village of Novoye Chaplino. The main reasons of rural depopulation are low living standards, deterioration of housing facilities, underdevelopment of rural infrastructure, poor educational and medical services, under- and unemployment, low wages, isolation and limited leisure time opportunities. All the interviewed residents stress the importance of sea-hunting industry as a basis of present-day life in the villages. Elders still hope for further development of reindeer breeding and related sectors. The language situation is characterized by a virtually complete displacement of native languages in family and everyday communicative practices.","PeriodicalId":36786,"journal":{"name":"Oriental Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}