SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"A Research of Chemical Nature and Surface Properties of Plant Disperse Fillers","authors":"Y. Danchenko, A. Kariev, V. Andronov, A. Cherkashina, V. Lebedev, T. Shkolnikova, Oleksii Burlutskyi, Anatoliy Kosse, Yuriy Lutsenko, Dayana Yavors'ka","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.193383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.193383","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical nature and surface properties of plant disperse fillers are investigated: buckwheat (BH) and oat (OH) husk, wood (WF) and conifer flour (CF). Using IR spectroscopy, it was found that oxygen-containing atomic groups –OH, –C–O–, –C=O prevail in the filler components. It was found that a hydroxyl-hydrate layer of functional groups is present on the surface of air-dry fillers. By potentiometric titration of aqueous suspensions using the Parks–Bobyrenko method, it was determined that all fillers are of the «polyfunctional solid» type. It is shown that the hydroxyl-hydrate surface layer consists of functional groups with similar values of acid-base characteristics. Functional groups of acidic nature were additionally found on the surface of the fillers: groups with pKa≈4.37−5.66 on the BH surface, groups with pKa≈4.49−4.90 on the CF surface and groups with pKa≈3.91−4.30 on the WF surface. As a result of potentiometric titration, it was shown that the surface acidity of the fillers decreases in the WFgCFgBHgОH series, which coincides with the one in which the total cellulose and lignin content decreases, and the resistance of fillers to thermal-oxidative breakdown increases. It was found that the rate of hydrolytic processes in aqueous suspensions at the interface decreases in the ОHgCFgBHgWF series and inversely depends on the concentration of functional groups on the surface of the fillers, and also that the change in the rate of hydrolytic processes at the interface depending on the content of fillers is described by step functions. It is revealed that for the effective use of the studied disperse waste in composite materials and as adsorbents for the extraction of pollutants, dispersion media with the following ranges of the hydrogen index are required: for BH − pHg4.4; OH − pHg6.4; WF − pHg3.9; CF − pHg4.5. The results obtained make it possible to predict and control acid-base interfacial interactions, as well as reasonably approach the development of new effective technologies","PeriodicalId":367866,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116186991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Foundation, Patents, and New Product Introductions of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Firms","authors":"A. D. Watts, R. D. Hamilton","doi":"10.1111/radm.12023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12023","url":null,"abstract":"Absorptive capacity (ACAP) has long been used in the research of technology firms as an indication of knowledge acquisition. This paper links knowledge input using new product introductions (NPI), to commercial output, addressing one of the key criticisms of research and development expenditures as a measure of an organization's effort. We propose that firms with a strong basic science foundation such as biology and chemistry seek to advance their scientific knowledge in addition to developing and selling innovative products. In contrast, corporations with a more applied focus forego fundamental scientific advancement and concentrate their actions on the development of innovative products. Results from a sample of 487 firms over a 10‐year period indicated that firms with an applied science foundation had greater numbers of NPIs, both breakthrough and innovative, suggesting that a solutions‐based approach had greater value in terms of innovative output. The pursuit of science may build knowledge, but a clear link between increased ACAP and innovative output was not found. Our results also suggest that basic science firms have a positive relationship with both breakthrough and incremental NPIs using merger and acquisition activities. Applied science firms found university alliances useful in generating NPIs.","PeriodicalId":367866,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity Offsets & Habitat Banking in Climate Change Law - An MBI's (Coase) Efficiency","authors":"Cheryl Micallef-Borg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1992962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1992962","url":null,"abstract":"Employing a regulatory structure analysis and a ‘law and economics’ investigation, this study seeks to determine the potential use of a nature conservation market based regulatory instrument in climate change law, on all regulatory planes i.e. national, European (regional), and International. Economic (Coase) efficiency will enable the formulation of a theory that Bio/Habitat Offsets and Banking can effectively co-exist and enhance the current status quo in climate change regulatory regimes.","PeriodicalId":367866,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natureworks: Green Chemistry's Contribution to Biotechnology, Innovation, Commercialization, and Strategic Positioning","authors":"Andrea L. Larson, K. O'brien, Alia Anderson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1583304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1583304","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, NatureWorks LLC, a small subsidiary of U.S. agricultural giant Cargill Inc., was recognized for its development of the first synthetic polymer class to be produced from renewable resources, specifically from corn grown in the American midwest. The product held the potential to substitute a renewable feedstock for petroleum-based polymers. With this enormous vote of confidence, the company was poised to move forward from a niche market in which it was selling tens of thousands of tons polylactic acid to a mainstream one with possibly hundreds of thousands of tons in sales. But how could it position itself to do so profitably?","PeriodicalId":367866,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130755356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology R&D: The Role of Experience and Alliances","authors":"P. Danzon, S. Nicholson, Nuno Sousa Pereira","doi":"10.3386/W9615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W9615","url":null,"abstract":"Using data on over 900 firms for the period 1988-2000, we estimate the effect on phase-specific biotech and pharmaceutical R&D success rates of a firm's overall experience, its experience in the relevant therapeutic category, the diversification of its experience across categories, the industry's experience in the category, and alliances with large and small firms. We find that success probabilities vary substantially across therapeutic categories and are negatively correlated with mean sales by category, which is consistent with a model of dynamic, competitive entry. Returns to experience are statistically significant but economically small for the relatively straightforward phase 1 trials. We find evidence of large, positive and diminishing returns to a firm's overall experience (across all therapeutic categories) for the larger and more complex late-stage trials that focus on a drug's efficacy. There is some evidence that a drug is more likely to complete phase 3 if developed by firms whose experience is focused rather than broad (diseconomies of scope). There is evidence of positive knowledge spillovers across firms for phase 1. However, for phase 2 and phase 3 the estimated effects of industry-wide experience are negative, which may reflect either higher Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval standards in crowded therapeutic categories or that firms in such categories must pursue more difficult targets. Products developed in an alliance tend to have a higher probability of success, at least for the more complex phase 2 and phase 3 trials, and particularly if the licensee is a large firm.","PeriodicalId":367866,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Biotechnology (Topic)","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127304361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}