Spermova最新文献

{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROWN SWISS AND MESTIZO BOVINE IN HUMID TROPIC","authors":"Ramon Troncoso, C. Medina, J. Reategui","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.08","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of ruminants to regulate body temperature depends on the genotype. Dairy breeds are generally more sensitive to heat stress than beef breeds. Higher-producing animals are more susceptible to heat stress because they generate more metabolic heat. The objective of evaluating reproductive performance as a response of adaptability to the management and climatic conditions of the Humid Tropics. 78 animals were used (40 Brown Swiss, from Puno and 38 Mestizas from local origin) raised in humid tropic conditions. Parametric statistics are presented as analysis of measures of central tendency and dispersion, non-parametric statistics by frequency analysis, the χ2 test of independence was used to detect differences, α = 0.05. The categorized and continuous dependent variables were evaluated with Student's t test using SPSS Software v.23. The mean age at first estrus in Brown Swiss was 12.43 months, in mestizo cattle 18.68 months (P <0.05). Average age of first calving in Brown Swiss of 25.25 months versus mestizo cattle 28.34 months (P <0.05). Interval from calving to the first service in Brown Swiss was 99.29 days. Open days observed in Brown Swiss was 107.29 days. The pregnancy rate at the first service in Brown Swiss was 70.0% pregnancy at the first service and 30.0% at the second service, for the mestizo genotype it was 68.4% at the first service, 28.9 at the second and 2.6 at the third service (P> 0.05; X2 = 0.50; p = 0.47). It is concluded that bovine animals of the Brown Swiss genotype have a good reproductive performance in the Humid Tropic climate compared to the Mestizo genotype","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF CHARACTERIZATION OF FIGHTING ROOSTER (Gallus gallus) SEMEN EJACULATES RECOVERED BY ELECTROEJACULATION AND DORSAL MASSAGE TECHNIQUES","authors":"Andres Moscoso Piedra, M. Muñoz, Daniel Argudo Garzon, Jorge Samaniego, M. Maldonado, Bolivar Cabrera, J. Alvarado, D. Galarza","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.05","url":null,"abstract":"Implementing alternatives methods to dorsal massage (e.g., electroejaculation) for recovering semen from fighting rooster, known to be very stressful due to its aggressiveness, has become a priority for breeders of this cock breed in Ecuador. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate two semen collection techniques in fighting roosters, one by electroejaculation (EE) and another by dorsal massage (DM) on seminal quality parameters. For this purpose, thirty attempts of semen recovery from six adult Spanish fighting roosters were carried out using DM (n = 12) and EE (n = 18). Electroejaculation was performed previous sedation, applying five stimulation cycles (of 2 s) generated from a handmade electroejaculation probe (9 to 12 V). The results showed that the EE produced lower response (P < 0.01) to semen ejaculation than the DM (44.4 % vs. 100.0 %, respectively). However, semen samples obtained by EE had better (P < 0.05) spermatic kinetic with greater values of straight-line velocity (VSL, µm/s), average path velocity (VAP, µm/s), and beat-cross frequency (BCF, Hz) as well as higher percentages (P < 0.01) of wobble and linearity compared to DM, irrespective of sperm viability. In addition, the number of urates present in the ejaculates obtained by EE was lower (P < 0.05) than those obtained by DM. In conclusion, electrical stimulation with prior sedation produced a low semen ejaculation response in fighting cocks. However, EE yielded semen ejaculates with better spermatic kinetic compared with the conventional dorsal massage technique.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF TWO CULTURE MEDIA IN IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ALPACA (Vicugna pacos) EMBRYOS","authors":"Irving Laines-Arce, Mijail Contreras, Cesar Olaguivel","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.07","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to evaluate the effect of two culture media on the production of in vitro embryos in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The ovaries were transported at 10.52° C in 0.9% saline solution supplemented with gentamicin. The ovaries were transported at 10.52° C in 0.9% physiological saline solution supplemented with gentamicin. 492 ovaries were used throughout the experiment. 2142 oocytes of quality I, II and III were recovered. The oocytes were matured in vitro for 32 h and were subsequently fertilized (incubated for 18 h) with sperm obtained from the tail of the epididymis and selected with a 45/90 percoll gradient. Then, the presumed zygotes were denuded from the cumulus cells, to later be cultured in two culture media: synthetic oviductal fluid medium (SOFaa) and simple optimized potassium medium (KSOMaa) and incubated at 38.5 ° C, 5 % CO2, 5%, O2, and 90% relative humidity for 7 days. Morula and blastocyst rate evaluation was performed at the end of embryo culture. The morula rate at 7 days was 41.49 ± 10.52 and 41.51 ± 6.50% for KSOMaa and SOFaa, respectively (P <0.05). The blastocyst rate for the two culture media KSOMaa and SOFaa, was 14.08 ± 5.17 and 11.73 ± 5.69 %, respectively, and there were no statistical differences (P˃0.05). The embryonic quality in KSOMaa and SOFaa media did not show statistical differences. In conclusion, the KSOMaa and SOFaa culture medium can be used in the production of in vitro embryos of alpacas","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GENETICALLY DIFFERENT HEN CROSSBREEDS IN PERUVIAN ANDES","authors":"M. Paredes, Fani Raico","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.04","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred laying hens of two commercial and one experimental crossbreed were evaluated in Peruvian Andes. The Commercial crossbreeds were Babcock Brown and Improved Creole ISAMISA (CM), and local experimental crossbreed (CE). The experimental crossbreed was obtained from Naked Neck Creole Hens, legs feather Creole Hens and Babcock Brown (BB) commercial layer. The females were reared to 52 wk. of age, and recorded data included body weight, feed intake, egg number, and egg weight, allowing the calculation of egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The economic value of each crossbreed was determined by overall egg production and body weight at 52-wk old. The highest laying rate was exhibited by Babcock (76.9%) and CE (58.9%), followed by CM (53.1%). The crossbreeds differed in feed intake and in females’ feed conversion, with BB leading (2.55) followed by CE (3.49) and CM (4.32). In egg production, BB were the best, as expected from specialized tableegg crossbreeds. In summary, BB was the best egg-producing crossbreed, but poor in meat production. Better choice for dual-purpose production would be CE, ranked second in egg production. CM was the best meat-producing crossbreed and were second in egg-mass production. Hence, CE might be the best dual-purpose hybrid with better feed efficiency than CM and the consumers prefer large eggs and birds.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRYOPRESERVATION OF ALPACA SPERMATOZOA OBTAINED VIA POST COPULA IN A TRIS EXTENDER WITH EGG YOLK FROM THREE AVIAN SPECIES.","authors":"W. Garcia, Edwar Maxi, Veronica Macedo, E. Ampuero, Julio Malaga","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.02","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa obtained via post copula in a Tris extender with egg yolk from three avian species. Forty samples of eight alpacas were collected by the post-copula method. After the collection, we proceeded to evaluate sperm volume, color, motility and concentration. The 25 samples with volume 1 ml and total motility 60% were mixed to form pool (5 samples/pool), divided into three aliquots and diluted in Tris-base with 20% egg yolk from three avian species (hen, quail, paw). These diluted samples were refrigerated for 1,5 h at 5 °C. Once this temperature was reached, the 5% glycerol basic dilutor was added, balanced for 20 min, packed in 0,5 mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapours for 20 min. The thawed samples were evaluated at different incubation times at 37 °C: 0; 1,5 and 3 h. All parameters of fresh and thawed sperm quality were analyzed using the GLM procedure (ANOVA). The samples collected (fresh) showed a motility of 69,1%, viability of 82,8%, membrane functionality of 77,9% and acrosomal integrity of 85,8%. After the cooling process, no differences were observed between the different egg yolk when comparing the sperm characteristics evaluated (p>0,05). At thawing, motility and acrosomal integrity were superior (p<0,05) when hen and quail were used compared to paw egg yolk. At 1,5 and 3 h of incubation, motility and acrosomal integrity were superior (p<0,05) in the samples with hen and quail with respect to paw. In conclusion, the use of hen and quail provided better cryoprotective action than paw egg yolk in cryopreserved alpaca sperm and incubated at 37°C for 3 h","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49502110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RETAINED PLACENTA AND BODY CONDITION CHANGES DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS IN NORTH-EASTERN ALGERIA","authors":"A. Hadef, K. Miroud, Hocine Sebihi","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.03","url":null,"abstract":"Retained placenta (RP) is a common complication of bovine parturition. It is a multifactorial reproductive disorder that predisposes to infection and hence, to infertility. The impact of body condition changes during the transition period on the risk of RP appearance was evaluated in 12 Holstein dairy cows calving from October to January in north-eastern Algeria. The animals were body condition scored (BCS) 3 weeks antepartum and two weeks postpartum to assess the peripartum body fat loss (BCS loss). The statistical analysis involving variables related to BCS and parity was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA). An RP critical occurrence of 41.66% exceeding significantly the threshold prevalence of 10% (p<0.05) was recorded. This could be related to the BCS loss that exceeded one unit over the transition period (r=0.84, p<0.01), expressing the high body fat mobilisation in response to stressor factors such as negative energy balance, feed availability and climatic condition. Scoring the body condition, particularly around the peripartum, may serve as a tool to monitor the risk factors related to the energetic status of dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF THE USE OF TWO SPERM SELECTION TECHNIQUES FOR IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ALPACA EMBRYOS","authors":"Mijail Contreras Huamani, Mary Naveros, Cesar Olaguivel","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.10","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the use of two sperm selection techniques for in vitro production of alpaca embryos. The ovaries and testis were collected from the local slaughterhouse and transport to 37 ° C in saline solution (0.9%) supplemented with gentamicin. Quality I, II and II oocytes were incubated in a maturation medium for 32 h at 38.5 ° C and 5% O2 and 5% CO2. For in vitro fertilization, sperm from the epididymis were selected using the Percoll gradient and Swim up technique. 18h after the oocytes were incubated with the sperm, these were denuded from the cumulus cells and cultured in SOFaa culture medium for 7 days. Morula and blastocyst rate and their morphological quality are evaluated at day 7 of culture. From a total of 370 ovaries, 1,137 oocytes were recovered, making an average of 3.6 oocytes / ovary. After the maturation and fertilization process and in vitro culture, the blastocyst rate was 8.43 ± 6.04% and 3.89 ± 1.75%, for oocytes fertilized with sperm selected with Percoll gradient and Swim up, respectively, not finding significant statistical differences (p> 0.05), between the groups. In conclusion, the in vitro fertilization of alpaca oocytes with spermatozoa selected with two selection techniques (percoll and swim up) did not significantly influence the quantity and quality of morulae and blastocysts at day 7 of embryo culture.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46565210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LITTER SIZE ON ULTRASOUND ESTIMATED FETAL GROWTH CURVE, MATERNAL STEROIDS, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SERUM FREE RNA IN GOATS","authors":"Omnia El-sayed, M. Kandiel, S. Ibrahim, K. Mahmound, Mahmound Abou-El-Roos","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the litter size influence on fetal growth (marked by biparietal diameter), steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone), oxidative stress markers [Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA)], total proteins, and serum-free RNA. Goats (n=150) were blood sampled and assessed ultrasonographically during the mid-stage of pregnancy (6th to 14th week) and were classified into non-pregnant (n=64), single (n= 55) twine (n= 25), and triple (n= 6) pregnancy according to a number of feti. The correlation coefficient of caprine fetal growth was R² = 0.9609, 0.9418, and, 0.928 in single, twin, and triple feti, respectively. The area under the curve of the fetal growth was 286.2, 282.1, and 263.4 for single, twin, and triple caprine fetuses. The mean reduction rate in fetal growth compared to singleton pregnancy was 1.65±1.03 and 8.32±2.41 % in twine and triple feti, respectively. Estradiol significantly (P< 0.05) decreased, while progesterone (P< 0.01) and serum-free RNA (P< 0.001) increased in pregnant animals compared to non-pregnant. TAC and MDA increased in multiple pregnancies compared to non-pregnancy in association with the decrease of SOD and catalase activities. GPx activity and total proteins substantially decreased in triple pregnancy than non-pregnancy. Cell-free RNA negatively correlated with estradiol, CAT, GPx, and total proteins, and positively correlated with P4, TAC, and MDA. In conclusion, litter size greatly impacted fetal growth, maternal steroids, and serum-free RNA, and preload to oxidative stressmediated health disorders in pregnant goats.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42749179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF SERUM AND RECOMBINANT EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ON OVARIAN DYNAMICS AND CONCEPTION RATE IN ANESTRUS PRIMIPAROUS BRANGUS COWS","authors":"D. Scandolo, A. Cuatrín, Virginia Mazzuca, Mariano Finello, M. Maciel","doi":"10.18548/aspe/0009.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.09","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to determine the size of the dominant ovulatory follicle, the ovulation time and the conception rate of cows in anestrus treated with serum equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), recombinant chorionic gonadotropin and untreated controls. 57 anestrus primiparous Brangus cows were used with 70 ± 26 days of calving and a body condition of 2.50 ± 0.15. They were synchronized with a FTAI protocol based on estrogen and progesterone devices (DI). Upon removal of DI, 3 groups were made according to the type of eCG applied: serum eCG received 400 IU im of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin, recombinant eCG received 140 IU of recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Control did without treatment. Follicular size and time of ovulation (normal or abnormal) was determined at DI removal, during FTAI and 7 days later. An ANOVA was performed to determine the effect of the treatment on ovarian dynamics and a chi-square test and correspondence analysis to establish associations. In normal ovulation cows at the FTAI, 94.4% of the serum eCG, 55.5% of the recombinant eCG and 71.4% of the Control cows presented a dominant ovulatory follicle (DOF), which in those treated with serum eCG, it was 1.4 mm greater in relation to the Control (P = 0.0073). The ovulation rate, in normal and abnormal ovulation cows, was 94.4% for serum eCG, and for recombinant eCG and 66.6% for Controls. A significant association was detected between ovulation time and the treated groups (P = 0.0042). Normal ovulation was 38.9% higher in cows with serum eCG in relation to those treated with recombinant eCG and 50.8% in comparison with Control. A significant relationship was observed between the conception rate and the groups treated with the different Gonadotropins (P = 0.0574), being 66.7% in serum eCG, 50% in recombinant eCG and 28.6% in the Control. The use of eCG, either serum or recombinant, in anestrus primiparous cows, stimulates the development of DOF at FTAI, increases ovulation rate and improves conception in relation to untreated cows.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fertility and subfertility in adult alpacas and tuis using ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation","authors":"U. P. Pérez Guerra, M. P. Pérez Durand, Lourdes Limache Mamani, Vilma Condori Villegas, Rassiel Macedo Sucari, Eloy Amador Condori Chuchi, Oscar Orós Butrón, Saul Espinoza Molina, M. Carretero","doi":"10.18548/ASPE/0008.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18548/ASPE/0008.09","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the uterine health between fertile, sub-fertile alpacas and tuis using transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation. A total 10 tuis (young mature females without breeding with average age of 1.5 years) and 20 adult alpacas of the Suri breed were used. In turn, the adult females were divided into two groups of 10 animals each according to their reproductive history: fertile group (parturition every year) and sub-fertile group (1 to 2 years without pregnancy). In all females, the thickness of the cervix and uterine horns was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. On the other hand, endometrial cytology and bacterial isolation were performed from samples obtained by uterine flushing. A Kruskal-Wallis and a Chi-square tests were used to compare ultrasonography and cytology groups. A greater thickness of the cervix and both uterine horns (p˂0,05) was observed in the fertile alpacas with respect to the sub-fertile and tuis. The percentage of PMN in tuis and sub-fertile alpacas was < 2%, while in fertile alpacas the percentage of PMN were: 6 animals with < 2% PMN, 2 animals with 2-5% PMN and two other alpacas with > 5% PMN. The bacteria isolated were: Bacillus lechiniformis and Escherichia coli in the three groups studied, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Bacillus cereus in tuis and fertile alpacas, Staphylococcus aureus in tuis and sub-fertile, Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. in fertile and sub-fertile alpacas, Bacillus lactic acid, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Citrobacter spp. in fertile alpacas, Enterococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella spp. in sub-fertile and Enterobacter spp. in tuis. The low percentage of PMN in endometrial cytology in sub-fertile alpacas would indicate the absence of endometritis at the time of the study. However, the lower thickness of the cervix and uterine horns observed in sub-fertile alpacas suggest that it would be necessary to perform uterine biopsies in order to evaluate if there is any association between the thickness of the uterine wall and the presence of degenerative and/or inflammatory changes observed on histopathological examination.","PeriodicalId":36778,"journal":{"name":"Spermova","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46180972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}