GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH最新文献

{"title":"Seagrass Habitats as Nurseries for Reef-Associated Fish: Evidence from Fish Assemblages in and Adjacent to a Recently Established No-Take Marine Reserve in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA","authors":"Kerry E. Flaherty-Walia, Brett Pittinger, T. Switzer, Sean F. Keenan","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2801.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2801.06","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists and managers worldwide have increasingly advocated the use of marine protected areas (MPAs) to protect at—risk fish stocks. Most MPAs, however, have been established to protect reefs, while nonreef habitats, such as seagrasses, have received less consideration. In January 2007, an MPA called the Research Natural Area (RNA), was established as a no—take marine reserve in the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida (DTNP), becoming the first MPA within the park boundaries to offer direct protection to seagrasses and reef habitat. We conducted a study using small— mesh Antillean Z—traps to (1) characterize fish assemblages in seagrass and reef habitats and (2) assess if differences in community structure existed between the RNA and adjacent open—use areas. Over 3 sampling events (Fall 2009, Spring 2010, Fall 2010), 3,163 individuals of 38 species were collected from 129 stations. Fish assemblages differed significantly among sampling events and between habitat types, but no differences were evident between the RNA and open—use areas. Unlike previous sampling efforts that focused on larger—bodied fish in the DTNP, Z—traps targeted small—bodied reef— and seagrass—associated fishes. Juvenile Haemulon plumierii and Epinephelus morio strongly contributed to community structure and were more abundant in seagrass habitats, which may serve as an important nursery area. Because the RNA was only established 2 years before this study was conducted, it could still be several years before benefits to the juvenile population become evident, but this study establishes the importance of considering seagrass habitats when developing a reef—associated no—take marine reserve.","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nutritional quality of non-calcified macroalgae in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) evaluated by their biochemical composition","authors":"C. Dromard, Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Harmelin-Vivien, C. Bouchon","doi":"10.18785/gcr.2801.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2801.04","url":null,"abstract":"Uncor rected proof sNot fo r Distr ibutio n IntroductIon Climate change, marine pollution and overfishing on reef environments have led to an increasing colonization of macroalgae which compete with corals for space. This coral—algal phase shift is identified as a major threat for coral reefs (Hughes 1994). Cover and biomass of benthic macroalgae increase concurrently with coral loss, resulting in a shift from communities dominated by corals to communities dominated by macroalgae (Done 1992, McManus and Polsenberg 2004). This change has been attributed to an increasing input of nutrients in the ocean due to land—based pollution (agriculture, wastewater), a fragilization of the reef ecosystem due to climate changes (bleaching events, diseases) and the loss of major herbivorous organisms due to overfishing (Hughes 1994, McManus and Polsenberg 2004). Herbivorous fishes and urchins are key taxonomic groups to control and reverse this phenomenon (Bellwood et al. 2004, Ledlie et al. 2007). In the Caribbean, the principal herbivorous fishes are parrotfishes (Scaridae) and surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae). These groups are widely harvested and consumed in the whole region. Other herbivorous reef organisms are sea urchins, like Diadema antilarum. However, that species suffered from a massive mortality by epizootic disease between 1983 and 1984 (Lessios et al. 1984), leading to a severe depletion of their populations. Herbivorous fishes and sea urchins principally consume early life stages of macroalgae, maintaining an algal turf on coral reefs (Lubchenco and Gaines 1981, Burkepile and Hay 2010). With a loss of grazing pressure, macroalgae reach mature forms which are difficult to remove when established. Mature forms of macrolgae are generally avoided by herbivorous organisms due to their morphological and physiological strategies against herbivory such as calcification or synthesis of repellent molecules (Lubchenco and Gaines 1981, Norris and Fenical 1982, Lewis 1985, Hay 1991). Dietary behaviors of herbivorous fishes have been studied for a long time due to their ecological role in the regulation of macroalgae (Ogden and Lobel 1978, Lewis 1985). Several studies were conducted to determine food preferences of herbivorous fishes with direct observations in the field (McAfee and Morgan 1996, Kopp et al. 2010), experiments of cage exclusion (Burkepile and Hay 2011), feeding preferences assays using transplant experiments (Lewis 1985, Paul and Hay 1986, Mantyka and Bellwood 2007), gut content analyses (Randall 1967) or stable isotopes analyses (Plass—Johnson et al. 2013, Dromard et al. 2015). Some macroalgae are unanimously cited as preferred species for herbivorous fishes, like Acanthophora spicifera (Littler et al. 1983, Lewis 1986, Paul and Hay 1986) or Padina (Ogden 1976, Lewis 1985, Paul and Hay 1986, Mantyka and Bellwood 2007). Some species are differently consumed according to site or the phyla. For example, Laurencia spp. seems to be widely consumed by h","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of a Colorful Prejuvenile Mountain Mullet (Agonostomus monticola) in Brackish Water of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles","authors":"R. Schmidt, E. Mcmullin","doi":"10.18785/gcr.2801.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2801.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41966119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Habitat Use of the Golden Crab Chaceon fenneri off Eastern Florida Based on in situ Submersible and ROV Observations and Potential for Impacts to Deep Water Coral/Sponge Habitat","authors":"J. Reed, S. Farrington, C. Messing, A. David","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2801.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2801.03","url":null,"abstract":"A bstrAct : This study documents the distribution and habitat use of the golden crab (Chaceon fenneri) , a commercially fished species, in relation to deep—sea coral/sponge ecosystems (DSCEs) at 200—900 m depths off eastern Florida. A total of 386 h of videotapes from 94 submersible and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives from 1999 to 2009, covering a total distance of 376 km, were reviewed and characterized for habitat type and presence of crabs. The DSCEs surveyed included Lophelia coral mounds, Miami Terrace, Pourtalès Terrace, and Tortugas Valleys. Video transect data also included environmental surveys of proposed deepwater routes for Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) pipelines, LNG port, and telecommunications fiber—optic cable. A total of 351 golden crab was counted and observed on a wide variety of habitat types, including coral thickets, rock escarpments, rock pavement, boulders, and soft bottom. The mean density of golden crabs was greater on soft bottom than on hard bottom habitat (0.342±0.234 vs 0.190±0.121 crabs /1000 m 2 ); within the hard bottom regions, mean density was greater on rock substrate than coral substrate (0.206±0.120 and 0.040±0.035 crabs /1000 m 2 ). The current golden crab fishery operates off eastern Florida in Allowable Crab Fishing Areas (ACFAs) within the deepwater Coral Habitat Areas of Particular Concern (CHAPCs); however, we have documented at least 8 regions within the CHAPCs where the ACFAs overlap probable DSCE habitat. Resource managers should adjust the boundaries of the ACFAs to protect and preserve vulnerable DSCE habitat while allowing benthic fisheries to operate in areas of soft bottom habitat.","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continued Spread of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean: Documentation in Puerto Rico and the British Virgin Islands","authors":"H. Ruiz, D. Ballantine, J. Sabater","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2801.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2801.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New GCFI-GCR Partnership","authors":"M. Peterson, N. Brown‐Peterson","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2801.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2801.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fishery Habitat in Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico: Reflections on Geographical Variability in Salt Marsh Value and Function","authors":"T. Minello","doi":"10.18785/gcr.2801.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2801.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescent Syllid (Odontosyllis spp.) Courtship Display Densities Vary Across Marine Habitats Around South Water Caye, Belize","authors":"Mitchel McCloskey, Joshua Scheil, G. Sandland, G. Gerrish","doi":"10.18785/gcr.2801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.2801.12","url":null,"abstract":"Bright—green luminescent clouds frequently occur at the surface of shallow waters of the Caribbean Sea. These clouds are produced by syllid polychaetes during courtship. Although temporal variation in the occurrence of these courtship displays has been documented throughout the diurnal and lunar cycle, other factors such as habitat type have not been well studied. In this study, we investigated how syllid courtship—display densities varied across 3 substrate types (grassbed, rubble, and coral) over a 3 day period. In line with previous studies, we found that syllid courtship displays occurred over seagrass and rubble substrates; however, we also found that display densities were significantly higher over shallow coral substrates than over either seagrass or rubble habitats. These findings reflect published observations and newly collected observational data from other locations throughout the Caribbean. Future work across species, time and regions is required in order to better understand the factors underlying syllid display densities.","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capture of a one-eyed bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes 1839), from the northern Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Christian M. Jones, W. Driggers, E. Hoffmayer, L. Galle","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2801.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2801.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification Of Compounds Of Allelopathic Extracts From Two Species Of Metapeyssonnelia (Rhodophyta) Growing On The Hydrocoral, Millepora Complanata, In Puerto Rico","authors":"M. Reyes-Contreras, A. Kazandjian, D. Ballantine","doi":"10.18785/GCR.2701.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/GCR.2701.04","url":null,"abstract":"Two Puerto Rican species of the encrusting red alga Metapeyssonnelia are known to overgrow and kill the hydrocoral Millepora complanata. The overgrowth is accompanied by bleaching or tissue lightening regions surrounding the growing margin of the algae on the coral tissue. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from Metapeyssonnelia corallepida and M. milleporoides were obtained and analyzed by GC—MS. The following compounds were identified from M. corallepida: squalene and 5—(hydroxymethyl)—2—(dimethoxymethyl)—furan3— methoxycarbonyl—1,1—diethyl—2—buten—4—olide and from M. milleporoides: 2,4—dit—butyl phenol, 2(3H)—furanone and dihydro—4,4—dimethyl— (CAS), terpenes, furanones and phenol. Aliquots of crude extracts of both Metapeyssonnelia species applied to coral fragments resulted in visible changes to the coral tissue as well as unexpected change in numbers of zooxanthellae. The highest concentration of M. corallepida lipophilic extracts assayed generated bleaching halos, death of coral tissue and a reduction of the zooxanthellae number while the two lower concentrations of lipophilic extracts of M. milleporoides resulted in obvious tissue lightening, but without decline in zooxanthellae number.","PeriodicalId":36764,"journal":{"name":"GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESEARCH","volume":"27 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67680407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}