{"title":"La Poesie En Egypte Aujourd'hui: Etat Des Lieux D'un Champ \"En Crise\"","authors":"Richard Jacquemond","doi":"10.2307/1350028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1350028","url":null,"abstract":"Perhaps the only consensus Egyptian poets and critics can reach today--given the different orientations and generations present--is the description of the poetic field in terms of a crisis. The article does not attempt to analyze the dimensions of such a crisis; rather it attempts to map the varied trends in poetic activity in contemporary Egypt. Inasmuch as the struggle in this arena revolves around what deserves to be called poetry most studies, if not all, whether written by poets or critics tend to concentrate on a specific poetic current, dismissing the rest. This article approaches various poetic currents from the perspective of literary sociology, thus it follows in its categorizations the most widely recognized criterion, namely that of form. It sets out to delineate the reasons behind the ongoing popularity of traditional metrical (`amudi) poetry, then moves on to draw the outlines of the critically dominant trends in free verse and finally the efforts of the generations of the 1970s and after to go beyond them. A short history of dialectical (`amiyya) poetry is also traced as a parallel, often neglected, to that of poetry in the literary idiom (fusha). ********** En 1953, la Revue du Caire publiait un numero special intitule \"Cinquante ans de litterature egyptienne,\" introduit par un article d'Ahmed Amin (1878-1954), grande figure intellectuelle de l'entre-deux-guerres, ou il dressait un bilan de l'evolution de la production nationale dans les divers genres litteraires. A. Amin ecrivait: Quant a la poesie, disons qu'elle a suivi les traces de la poesie ancienne dans sa metrique et ses rimes et tres souvent dans ses sujets: cette poesie s'arrete a Chawki et Hafez. Aujourd'hui, une certaine perplexite regne: la poesie des anciens n'est plus au gout du peuple, et aucune renovation ne vient s'y substituer. [...] En Egypte et dans le monde arabe se developpe un mouvement parmi la jeunesse pour former une poesie nouvelle traitant de sujets nouveaux [...] ou nous avons ete devances par les Europeens. On se debarrasse aussi de la rime et de la metrique traditionnelle des anciens. Mais on observe que les gens cultives des nations arabes ont accueilli ce genre de vers avec une sorte d'indifference, parce que leur oreille musicale ne s'y est pas encore accoutumee. Ils ont senti que ce genre de poesie ne jaillissait pas de son propre milieu et ne s'harmonisait pas avec leur propre gout; la question reste confuse et on ne sait trop comment elle evoluera. Mais la prose est solide et stable parce qu'elle a su s'adapter a la situation presente [...]. C'est pourquoi nous avions raison de dire que la prose arabe est tres proche de la prose occidentale dans ses differents genres. Elle ne s'immobilise pas, mais se conforme a l'evolution des sciences et des cultures et aura, a ce qu'il semble, un avenir brillant. (1) Ce texte quasi cinquantenaire resume a merveille les situations respectives de la poesie et de la prose de fiction arabes. Empruntee a l'etran","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"40 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74740672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alexandria in Cavafy, Durrell, and Tsirkas","authors":"John Rodenbeck","doi":"10.2307/1350026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1350026","url":null,"abstract":"Among the several ways of looking at Alexandria, one is represented by Edmund Keeley's critical book, Cavafy's Alexandria, which condemns the city as \"squalid.\" Another approach, even less generous and far less literal, is that of Lawrence Durrell, whose notions of the city's history, politics, linguistics, ethnography and topography are permeated with unconcealed ethnic and religious hostilities. These attitudes were certainly not shared by Constantine Cavafy, who is repeatedly appealed to by Durrell in the text as a kind of authority. Crucial in Cavafy's work is acceptance of the ordinary mundane physical reality of the city, without which precisely those emotions would be absent that provide significance or meaning. The same fidelity to the world is at the center of Tsirkas' Drifting Cities. Both were writing for the kind of reader who prefers to be told something based upon sensitive observation, rather than something merely imagined. ********** There are several ways of looking at cities like Alexandria. One is represented by an opening passage in Edmund Keeley's critical book, Cavafy's Alexandria, a passage that unfortunately seems to have escaped the notice of Alexandria's city planners. \"Aware of the poet's point of view,\" says Keeley, \"I find it difficult to move through the streets of today's Alexandria without feeling the presence of Cavafy's ghost, especially the threat of its mockery. During my last visit there,\" he writes in 1976, arriving from Greece, I tried to make myself believe that the ugly reality I was seeing masked the presence of another city, more real in its way, a city open to those who could bring to it an imaginative vision, a mythical sensibility, if you will, akin to Cavafy's and exemplified in English letters by E. M. Eorster and Lawrence Durrell. But the mask, the surface reality, was so unlike literary images I brought with me, so immediate and harsh in its effect, that it frustrated any imaginative projection. Shutting his eyes to the glamour that its own dazzling literature has always been able to cast over Alexandria, Keeley attempts to look at one small seaside fragment of the city near the Cecil Hotel with a detachment akin to that of a documentary camera. \"Today's Alexandria,\" he says, strikes one first of all as squalid, if you walk along the esplanade leading to where the wondrous ancient Pharos used to stand (now Fort Kayet Bay [sic] grotesquely restored as a museum celebrating the Egyptian navy), you will encounter odors and sights that will amaze you--if none of the palaces and monuments that amazed Cavafy's exiles. The wall at your side rises just high enough to block all but the most cunning attempts to find the sea beyond, but not enough to conceal the spread of laundry-bannered tenements along the harbor's curve ahead. And the smells you breathe, cut only sporadically by a pinch of sea-salt, are of refuse not quite ripe enough to pass for garbage and of urine too spotty for official concern. The pr","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"1 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Langues étrangères et traduction dans le champ littéraire égyptien","authors":"Richard Jacquemond","doi":"10.2307/521940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/521940","url":null,"abstract":"Literary studies only escaped from the nationalistic paradigm about twenty years ago. This nationalist paradigm dominated literature after the Enlightenment replaced a universal literary culture with a national one. For a long time, only comparative literature tried to find links between national literary traditions, not always very successfully. In the last two decades, the dominance of this nationalist paradigm became challenged by translation studies and postcolonial studies. While the first has stressed exchanges between literary traditions, the second has followed the emergence of a new literary space on a world scale, including not only the old colonial centers, but also the numerous peripheries. By substituting the concept of \"Arabic literary space\" for the notion of \"Arabic literature\", and thus including in it translations, one can reconfigure literary studies and tackle them more systematically. The concept covers not only translations from and to Arabic, but also works written by Arabs in other languages such as English or French, as well as the writings that introduce into Arabic literature themes and elements derived from other languages, whether colonial languages like English or French, or minority languages in the Arab world (Berber, Tuareg, Nubian, Kurdish, etc.). A final category could be the translation into Arabic (\"bringing home\") of works written in other languages by Arab authors. The article deals with Egypt, but its approach could be extended to the entire Arab world.","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"135 1","pages":"8-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86302578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identity and Geography in Karim Alrawi's Promised Land","authors":"Mahmoud el Lozy","doi":"10.2307/521946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/521946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"42 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73599603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Margins of a Memoir: A Personal Reading of Said's Out of Place","authors":"N. Gindi","doi":"10.2307/521951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/521951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"9 1","pages":"284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arab-Muslim Feminism and the Narrative of Hybridity: The Fiction of Ahdaf Soueif","authors":"A. Malak","doi":"10.2307/521945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/521945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"7 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84140404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dutch Authors from the Arab World: A Relief to the Multicultural Society","authors":"M. Willemsen","doi":"10.2307/521942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/521942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36717,"journal":{"name":"Alif","volume":"48 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83563640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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