Luke Heales, Leanne Bisset, Bill Vicenzino, Marcus Bateman, Caitlin Hill, Crystal Kean, Steven Obst
{"title":"Physiotherapists' use of outcome measures in the assessment of lateral elbow tendinopathy: An international online survey.","authors":"Luke Heales, Leanne Bisset, Bill Vicenzino, Marcus Bateman, Caitlin Hill, Crystal Kean, Steven Obst","doi":"10.1177/17585732261440542","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261440542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the frequency of use and establish routine clinical practice of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), performance-based OMs and clinician-reported OMs in the assessment of a suspected case of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physiotherapists from eight countries completed an anonymous online survey, rating their frequency of use (never, rarely, sometimes, often and always) for unidimensional PROMs, multidimensional PROMs, performance-based OMs and clinician-reported OMs. To establish clinical practices, responses were dichotomised into routine (≥70% often/always) and not-routine (≥70% sometimes/rarely/never); items below both thresholds were classified as neither.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred ninety-nine respondents completed the survey. No outcome measure met the criteria for routine practice. Eight of 17 multidimensional PROMs, and six of eight clinician-reported OMs met the criteria for not-routine practice. All unidimensional PROMs and performance-based OMs, and a select number of multidimensional PROMs and clinician-reported OMs did not meet the threshold for routine or not-routine practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest no single outcome measure is routinely used by physiotherapists assessing a suspected case of LET. It is plausible that physiotherapists select OMs based on patient presentation, rather than the clinical diagnosis, or that outcome measures are perhaps seen more as a research tool than common place in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261440542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distal biceps tendon repair using cortical button with or without interference screw: A comparative study.","authors":"Spilios Dellis, Nifon K Gkekas, Alexandros Stamatopoulos, Dimitrios Karadaglis, Jagwant Singh","doi":"10.1177/17585732261441889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261441889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Distal biceps tendon repair may be performed using cortical button (CB) alone or combined with an interference screw (CBIS), however direct clinical comparison remains limited. We aimed to compare clinical and functional outcomes between these techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with acute distal biceps tendon rupture managed with CB or CBIS were identified from 2019 to 2024 at a single institution. Treatment allocation was based exclusively on surgeon preference, with each of the two operating surgeons consistently using a single technique throughout the study period. Outcomes were recorded at minimum 12 months using Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) and Visual Analogue Scale scores, and patients were assessed for complications and return to activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five patients were included (CB <i>n</i> = 27, CBIS <i>n</i> = 28) with similar baseline demographics. Mean follow-up was 21.6 months (CB) and 19.8 months (CBIS). Mean MEPS and Q-DASH scores were 96.3 and 2.8 versus 97.1 and 2.2 respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in any outcome measure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both techniques provided excellent short- to mid-term clinical and functional outcomes. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful difference was detected between groups, though the study may be underpowered to detect small between-group differences. Within the context of surgeon-specific practice patterns, CB fixation alone appears sufficient for routine acute distal biceps tendon repair.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective comparative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261441889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Howard, William Thomas, Chris Smith, Jon Evans
{"title":"Development and internal validation of a complexity scoring system for elbow arthroplasty: The Elbow Arthroplasty Severity (EASe) score.","authors":"Matthew Howard, William Thomas, Chris Smith, Jon Evans","doi":"10.1177/17585732261443638","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261443638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elbow arthroplasty is associated with high complication rates and increasing centralisation of care. The Elbow Arthroplasty Severity (EASe) score was developed to stratify risk and predict complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initial EASe (version 1) score comprised six components reflecting procedural complexity, local pathology, and frailty (0-6). Scores were retrospectively applied to a cohort of patients undergoing primary or revision elbow arthroplasty. The primary outcome was any postoperative complication; secondary outcomes included major complications, unplanned re-operation, 30-day readmission, mortality <1 year, and length of stay. Based on observed associations and clinical plausibility, a re-weighted EASe (version 2) score (0-8) was constructed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>110 procedures were included, with an overall complication rate of 41.8% and a major complication rate of 21.8%. EASe(v1) score showed limited discrimination for any complication but acceptable discrimination for major complications (AUC ≈ 0.70). Soft tissue compromise and infection were independently associated with adverse outcomes. EASe(v2) score demonstrated improved prognostic performance, with fair discrimination for any complication (AUC ≈ 0.66) and good discrimination for major complications (AUC ≈ 0.78). Using Youden's index, the EASe(v2) score ≥4 provided the most accurate threshold for predicting major complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EASe scoring helps stratify complexity and risk in elbow arthroplasty, supporting surgical planning and informed consent. Prospective multicentre validation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261443638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Boutros, Guy Awad, Shaza Hammad, Reina Al Khatib, Antoine Mouawad, Akinkunmi Adio, Bassem Elhassan
{"title":"Global trends and emerging themes in stemless shoulder arthroplasty: A 17-year bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Marc Boutros, Guy Awad, Shaza Hammad, Reina Al Khatib, Antoine Mouawad, Akinkunmi Adio, Bassem Elhassan","doi":"10.1177/17585732261444280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261444280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stemless shoulder arthroplasty (SSA), referring to stemless humeral fixation in anatomic and reverse designs, has emerged as a bone-preserving alternative to traditional stemmed implants, aiming to reduce complications such as periprosthetic fractures and stress shielding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database from 2009 to March 3, 2026. Articles were screened using structured queries and filtered by document type. Key metadata, including authorship, institutional affiliation, country of origin, citation metrics, and keywords, were extracted. Visualization tools generated co-authorship networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 366 SSA-related articles were identified, accumulating 5767 citations (15.76 citations per article) with a 14.5% annual growth rate in publication volume. The United States was the leading contributor (34% of publications) and also recorded the highest total citations (1427). The most productive institution was the University of Western Ontario (22 articles). Athwal GS was the most impactful author by productivity and h-index (h-index 10). The <i>Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery</i> was the leading source of publications (79) and citations (2178). Keyword analyses showed focus on shoulder arthroplasty, implant terms, range of motion, osteoarthritis, and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stemless shoulder arthroplasty research is expanding globally, showing trends and need for studies in elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261444280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of home-based video exercise program for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.","authors":"Thai Van Vo, Thanh Xuan Vu, Phi Duong Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/17585732261443282","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261443282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adhesive capsulitis causes progressive shoulder pain and stiffness, yet supervised physiotherapy may be difficult to access in low-resource settings. This study evaluated a home-based video exercise program for pain, function, and range of motion (ROM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective case series, 57 patients with stage II adhesive capsulitis at two tertiary hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City followed a standardized video-guided program. Thirty-one patients completed 6 weeks and 26 completed 12 weeks. Pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), function (QuickDASH), and shoulder ROM were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean VAS decreased from 5.9 ± 0.8 to 3.1 ± 1.6 at 6 weeks and 0.6 ± 0.6 at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). QuickDASH improved from 49.1 ± 6.6 to 26.1 ± 13.3 and 4.0 ± 4.8, respectively (p < 0.001). Active abduction and external rotation increased by 81.3° and 30.6°. Pain reduction correlated with functional gain (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). All 12-week completers achieved near-normal function without additional pharmacologic therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A home-based video-guided exercise program is an effective, low-cost option for adhesive capsulitis, yielding marked improvements within 6-12 weeks and serving as a practical alternative or adjunct to in-person physiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261443282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Added effect of graded motor imagery to rehabilitation protocol for post-operative rotator cuff repair on pain, kinesiophobia, functions, and mobility-a randomized controlled pilot study.","authors":"Vandana Chandaragi, Peeyoosha Gurudut, Sahil Kale, Aarti Welling, Vijay Kage, Soumya Hulmani","doi":"10.1177/17585732261443471","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732261443471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe grade rotator cuff injuries require surgery, but post-surgical pain and kinesiophobia can hinder rehabilitation. Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) aids to reduce these challenges through its three phases. However, there is less supporting evidence on the effect of GMI in post-surgical shoulder rehabilitation cases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the added effect of GMI combined with conventional rehabilitation on pain, kinesiophobia, functions, and joint mobility following rotator cuff repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>16 participants (aged 45-60) were randomly assigned to experimental (GMI + conventional rehabilitation) and control (conventional rehabilitation) groups. Primary outcome was pain (NPRS), and secondary outcomes were kinesiophobia (TSK), shoulder function (Quick DASH), and mobility (goniometer). Assessments occurred pre-operatively, 3rd post-op day pre-rehab, and post---rehab after 3 weeks. Phase 1 GMI began post-immobilization (day 3) in the hospital; Phases 2 and 3 followed on alternate days after discharge via home or OPD sessions according to the convenience of the patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 3 weeks, experimental group showed improvements across all measures, pain (<i>d</i> = -2.55; <i>P</i> = .002), kinesiophobia (<i>d</i> = -3.18; <i>P</i> = .001), functional status (<i>d</i> = -1.71; <i>P</i> = .007) and shoulder mobility flexion (<i>d</i> = 4.65; <i>P</i> = .0001), abduction (<i>d</i> = 6.43; <i>P</i> = .0001), Internal (<i>d</i> = 1.48; <i>P</i> = .012) and External rotation (<i>d</i> = 2.71; <i>P</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding GMI to conventional post-surgical rehabilitation may help to reduce pain and kinesiophobia, thereby improving functional outcomes and mobility following rotator cuff repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261443471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangeline Fumina Kobayashi, Adam A Rizk, Liam Kane, Olawale A Sogbein, Jay M Levin, Gerald R Williams, Surena Namdari
{"title":"Rate of symptomatic subscapularis failure in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients greater than 70 years of age.","authors":"Evangeline Fumina Kobayashi, Adam A Rizk, Liam Kane, Olawale A Sogbein, Jay M Levin, Gerald R Williams, Surena Namdari","doi":"10.1177/17585732261441853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732261441853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One reason for success after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) survival rate is a well-functioning rotator cuff. Concerns regarding risk of subscapularis (SC) failure in older patients may shift surgeons toward performing reverse arthroplasty. This study aimed to report the rate of clinically relevant SC failure after TSA in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 282 patients greater than 70 years who underwent TSA for osteoarthritis with a minimum of 6-month follow-up (mean 1.8 years). Clinically relevant SC failure was defined as either: (1) American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES) below a threshold score with a positive abdominal compression or anterior subluxation or (2) reoperation for SC deficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 282 patients, 23 patients demonstrated possible SC failure. Five patients had confirmed SC failure, but only four patients (1.4%) were clinically symptomatic. Three patients (1.06%) underwent revision surgery for SC deficiency. Symptomatic SC failure patients had higher body mass index, higher comorbidity burden, lower ASES scores, and higher pain scores prior to revision surgery (mean 1.5 years). Anterior subluxation on radiographs was prevalent in 100% of the failure group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clinically symptomatic SC failure after TSA is rare (1.4%). Older age should not represent a contraindication to TSA due to the perceived risk of SC failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261441853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors limiting postoperative range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.","authors":"Yuki Matsui, Daisuke Momma, Atsushi Urita, Akihito Sotome, Hiroaki Kida, Tomoyo Irie, Kyosuke Numaguchi, Norimasa Iwasaki","doi":"10.1177/17585732261441308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732261441308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) provides reliable outcomes, but postoperative range of motion (ROM) varies. This study examined factors influencing the ROM after rTSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-three shoulders (70 patients) undergoing primary rTSA between 2014 and 2023 with ≥1-year follow-up were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, perioperative, and radiographic data were analyzed. Forward flexion (FF), external rotation (ER), and internal rotation (IR) were evaluated using multivariable linear regression to identify predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FF improved from 70° to 119° (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and ER from 12° to 22° (<i>p</i> = 0.002), whereas IR decreased from L3 to L4 (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Older age (<i>β</i> = -1.26, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and greater postoperative global lateralization, measured as lateral offset (<i>β</i> = -1.88, <i>p</i> = 0.001), predicted poorer FF, while taller height (<i>β</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and higher preoperative abduction (<i>β</i> = 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.002) were favorable. For ER, older age was detrimental, whereas prior arthroscopic repair (<i>β</i> = 11.06, <i>p</i> = 0.031) and greater preoperative ER (<i>β</i> = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.041) were beneficial. No predictors were identified for IR.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Older age and increased global lateralization limit elevation, whereas taller stature, preoperative abduction, and prior arthroscopic repair predict better motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261441308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erel Ben-Ari, Samantha A Rettig, Yoav Rosenthal, Mandeep S Virk, Joseph D Zuckerman
{"title":"The impact of three-dimensional planning and navigation on augmented baseplate use and screw length in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.","authors":"Erel Ben-Ari, Samantha A Rettig, Yoav Rosenthal, Mandeep S Virk, Joseph D Zuckerman","doi":"10.1177/17585732261433989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732261433989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning and intraoperative computer-assisted navigation (CAN) may influence baseplate augmentation and screw fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). This study evaluated how these technologies affect augmented baseplate use and screw length. This is a Level IV retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred primary RTSAs for glenohumeral degenerative conditions (2014-2024) were reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) 2D-CT planning without CAN (2014-2017, n = 100), (2) early 3D-CT with CAN (2019-2022, n = 100), and (3) recent 3D-CT with CAN (2022-2024, n = 100). Demographics, glenoid morphology, baseplate type, and screw characteristics were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Augmented baseplate use was higher in the 3D-CT groups versus 2D-CT (40% and 43% vs. 15%; P < .01) with no demographic or glenoid morphology differences (P > .05). CAN was associated with longer screws when four screws were used (24.6 mm and 25.3 mm vs. 20.8 mm; P < .001) and when comparing the two longest screws (28.5 mm and 27.3 mm vs. 22.9 mm; P < .01). Screw length did not differ between augmented and standard baseplates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>3D planning and CAN increased augmented baseplate use and screw length. Equivalent screw lengths between augmented and standard baseplates suggest that augmentation does not compromise fixation, supporting its safe use in appropriately selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732261433989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}