Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question最新文献

Creation, Kinds and Destiny: A Christian View of Genome Editing 创造，种类和命运:基因组编辑的基督教观点

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_010

Trevor Stammers

{"title":"Creation, Kinds and Destiny: A Christian View of Genome Editing","authors":"Trevor Stammers","doi":"10.1163/9789004392137_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392137_010","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Crick, Franklin and Watson in 1953 caused a paradigm shift in our understanding of the nature of both humankind and creation as a whole. Subsequently in 2003, the mapping of the human genome by Frances Collins and his colleagues and the ensuing development of techniques to alter it, raise fundamental questions about our destiny – whether we ourselves can and should shape it in a way previously outside our ability and known only to God. The Christian understanding of the Fall – the movement of humanity from an initial state of perfection or at least of being ‘very good’ (Genesis 1v 31) in God’s sight, to a state of obvious imperfection has always raised questions of normalcy in relation to our current ‘fallen’ state compared to what was originally intended by the Creator. This paper explores Christian visions of the ethical possibilities of genome editing using Bonhoeffer’s understanding of the nature of the material world and the effects of the Fall upon it as a model and continues with an exploration of wider implications of other elements of the creation account. It will be argued that, far from supporting the popular understanding of genetic determinism with its implications for the concepts of both free will and human responsibility, our greater knowledge of genomics weakens such a determinist view. The paper concludes with a consideration of the telos of humanity in relation to gene editing and an examination of the concept of the","PeriodicalId":367051,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125287572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Islamic Perspectives on the Genome and the Human Person: Why the Soul Matters 伊斯兰教对基因组和人类的看法:为什么灵魂很重要

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_007

A. Ahmed, M. Suleman

{"title":"Islamic Perspectives on the Genome and the Human Person: Why the Soul Matters","authors":"A. Ahmed, M. Suleman","doi":"10.1163/9789004392137_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392137_007","url":null,"abstract":"A preoccupation with knowledge of the self and nature can be traced throughout human history. From writings of the Ancients to modern scientific inquiries, we find a collocation of ideas that range from the macrocosmic nature of the universe to microcosmic subcellular structures. Recent genomic advances, however, have not only added to a key facet of mankind’s raison d’etre—seeking the truth about oneself and the world—it also offers a window into the repercussions of and consequences for manipulating matter on the nature of man, a nature that has hitherto been thought of as being immutable (Savulescu, ter Meulen, and Kahane 2011, XV). The myriad possibilities of genetically manipulating matter for human ends, raises critical questions about such endeavors and how they may influence our understanding of the human person (Savulescu, Ter Meulen, and Kahane 2011, XV). Central to the advances of mankind’s ability to understand and manipulate matter is the unlocking of the cellular nucleus and the discovery of DNA with the identification of genes that code for particular phenotypes. This initial discovery has been rapidly applied to subsequent technological breakthroughs in genetic intervention. The latter offers mediation at the sub-cellular level and has the potential to alter the genetic constitution of individuals thereby offering them personalized therapies and unprecedented enhancement. The genetics revolution is thus profound-","PeriodicalId":367051,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question","volume":"184 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125941127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sharia Scholars and Modern Biomedical Advancements: What Role for Religious Ethics in the Genomic Era? 伊斯兰教法学者与现代生物医学进步:宗教伦理在基因组时代扮演什么角色?

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_003

Mohammed Ghaly

引用次数: 0

الجينوم والطبيعة البشرية: مقاربة تحليلية في ضوء الفلسفة والعلم التجريبي والأخلاق 基因组与人类:根据哲学、实验科学和伦理的分析方法

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_012

بن دنياسعدية

引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing the Human Being: Insights from the Genethics Discourse and Implications for Islamic Bioethics 人类的概念化:来自基因伦理学话语的见解及其对伊斯兰生命伦理学的启示

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_006

A. Padela

引用次数: 0

Living with the Genome, by Angus Clark and Flo Ticehurst, within the Muslim Context 安格斯·克拉克和弗洛·提斯赫斯特的《基因组生活》，在穆斯林背景下

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_011

A. Shabana

{"title":"Living with the Genome, by Angus Clark and Flo Ticehurst, within the Muslim Context","authors":"A. Shabana","doi":"10.1163/9789004392137_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392137_011","url":null,"abstract":"Modern genetics has ushered a new phase in human history and revolutionized human understanding of how living organisms are constituted and how they function. More particularly, it has revealed the processes associated with the transmission of inheritable features and characteristics to subsequent generations. The new knowledge that it generates brings promises of unprecedented preventive as well as therapeutic possibilities, especially as far as inherited diseases are concerned. These unprecedented possibilities are by no means limited to the fields of health care and life sciences as they touch many other aspects of our lives. However, as much as this genetic revolution has given rise to new exciting possibilities, it has also raised important ethical questions pertaining to the production and application of genetic knowledge. It is within this context of the double-edged nature of modern genetics that Living with the Genome: Ethical and Social Aspects of Human Genetics has to be placed. Although published in 2006, the book still provides a useful introduction to the range of ethical, legal, and social implications of modern genetic research and technology. It comprises 42 articles on a wide range of topics, which are drawn from the Encyclopedia of the Human Genome (one of the co-editors of the book, Angus Clarke, was also the editor of the “Ethics and Society” section of this reference work). The book is intended to enhance the readership of these topics by making these articles available to a wider audience beyond specialists in human genetics. In terms of its basic subject matter, genetics aims to study how living organisms both change and maintain their basic characteristics over time. This","PeriodicalId":367051,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129379692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

سؤال الجينوم بين الخلِقْة والأخلاق: مقاربة دلالية معرفية في أخلاقيات علم الجينوم من 基因组学与伦理之间的问题:基因组伦理学的认知方法

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_013

أمير خضير عباس

引用次数: 0

Transformation of the Concept of the Family in the Wake of Genomic Sequencing: An Islamic Perspective 基因组测序后家庭概念的转变:伊斯兰的观点

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_005

A. Shabana

{"title":"Transformation of the Concept of the Family in the Wake of Genomic Sequencing: An Islamic Perspective","authors":"A. Shabana","doi":"10.1163/9789004392137_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392137_005","url":null,"abstract":"The twentieth century witnessed many life-changing scientific and technological achievements that touch almost all aspects of human life both at the individual and collective levels.2 One of the most fascinating and impactful discoveries has been the identification of the human genetic structure in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Subsequent efforts aimed to decipher the entire human genetic makeup, which was successfully achieved with the completion of the Human Genome Project. The human DNA has become the main marker of personal identity, if not even destiny, with its ability to reveal important information about one’s current as well as future health conditions. Consequently, it has opened up a new chapter in the history of medicine with the introduction of personalized medicine, which aims to evaluate individuals’ healthcare needs on the basis of their genetic structures. It has also acquired a metaphysical status with its comparison with the soul and its identification as the locus of human personhood, although unlike a soul it has a physical existence (Chadwick 2006, 256). On the other hand, the availability of this genetic information has raised serious ethical, legal and social questions that concern not only the individuals whose DNA is being examined but also their families. Increasingly physicians and life scientists are trying to come to terms with the fact that having a genetic condition (disease or mutation) is a family experience, rather than an individual one. To what extent then does this new medical and scientific state","PeriodicalId":367051,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116077370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

الجينوم والحياة: تمديد الحياة وأثره الأخلاقي على المجتمعات الإسلامية 基因组与生命:延长生命及其对穆斯林社会的道德影响

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_014

الناصر عمارة

引用次数: 0

Islamic Ethics and Genomics: Mapping the Collective Deliberations of Muslim Religious Scholars and Biomedical Scientists 伊斯兰伦理与基因组学:描绘穆斯林宗教学者和生物医学科学家的集体讨论

Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.1163/9789004392137_004

M. Ghaly

{"title":"Islamic Ethics and Genomics: Mapping the Collective Deliberations of Muslim Religious Scholars and Biomedical Scientists","authors":"M. Ghaly","doi":"10.1163/9789004392137_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392137_004","url":null,"abstract":"When the Human Genome Project (HGP) took off in 1990, experts in the field were aware of the fact that this scientific megaproject would generate ethical questions and conundrums that should be taken seriously.2 So, an ethical arm for the HGP was established, namely the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) program. Five percent of the total HGP budget was dedicated to the ELSI program, making the project one of the largest-ever investments in bioethics research. Unlike most of the previous bioethics research, the ELSI program worked in conjunction with the scientific research activities. Rather than waiting for the results of the scientific research and their possible ethical implications, the HGP leadership decided to anticipate, identify, analyze and address the ethical concerns early on. The HGP example of conflating genomics with ethics concurrently became a to-be-followed model, sometimes with critical remarks, for subsequent genomics projects conducted elsewhere. Major research funding organizations, such as the Wellcome Trust and the UK Economic and Social Research Council, have also set a financial plan for research on genomics-related ethical issues (Rabinow and Bennett 2009, 106;","PeriodicalId":367051,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124239019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2