Arctic Review on Law and Politics最新文献_第10页

The Global Situation Demands More Research and Dissemination in 2019 全球形势要求在 2019 年开展更多研究和传播工作

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.23865/arctic.v10.1555

Ø. Ravna

引用次数: 0

Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Footprints on Governance 亚洲国家与北极航运:治理的政策、利益与足迹

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2019-01-15 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1374

A. Moe, O. Stokke

{"title":"Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Footprints on Governance","authors":"A. Moe, O. Stokke","doi":"10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1374","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies of Asian state involvement in Arctic affairs assume that shorter sea-lanes to Europe are a major driver of interest, so this article begins by examining the prominence of shipping concerns in Arctic policy statements made by major Asian states. Using a bottom-up approach, we consider the advantages of Arctic sea routes over the Suez and Panama alternatives in light of the political, bureaucratic and economic conditions surrounding shipping and shipbuilding in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Especially Japanese and Korean policy documents indicate soberness rather than optimism concerning Arctic sea routes, noting the remaining limitations and the need for in-depth feasibility studies. That policymakers show greater caution than analysts, links in with our second finding: in Japan and Korea, maritime-sector bureaucracies responsible for industries with Arctic experience have been closely involved in policy development, more so than in China. Thirdly, we find a clear tendency towards rising industry-level caution and restraint in all three countries, reflecting financial difficulties in several major companies as well as growing sensitivity to the economic and political risks associated with the Arctic routes. Finally, our examination of bilateral and multilateral Chinese, Japanese and Korean diplomatic activity concerning Arctic shipping exhibits a lower profile than indicated by earlier studies.\u0000Responsible Editor: Øyvind Ravna, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway","PeriodicalId":36694,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Review on Law and Politics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74123087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Polar Research and the Secrets of the Arctic 极地研究和北极的秘密

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1501

Torbjørn Pedersen

{"title":"Polar Research and the Secrets of the Arctic","authors":"Torbjørn Pedersen","doi":"10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23865/ARCTIC.V10.1501","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages that some military establishments have enjoyed in the remote Arctic region are diminishing. The military secrets of the Arctic Ocean are being progressively uncloaked, as civilian polar research expands into areas previously known only to a few. This study examines the security ramifications of broadened international research into what has been the most inhospitable and exclusive operational area on Earth. Firstly, the study argues that successful military operations in the Arctic depend on extended knowledge about area-specific issues related to e.g. the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere, weather, sea ice, ocean structure and dynamics, seafloor bathymetry and sediments, as well as reliable target detection systems. Secondly, it finds that a number of nations, both Arctic and non-Arctic, have stepped up their polar research in recent years. Secrets once held by a few are now accessible to many through international cooperation, data-sharing and open-access publishing. Finally, the study concludes that knowledge proliferation is likely to level the Arctic battlefield. Lending terms from Mica Endsley’s three-level Situation Awareness model, polar research will result in increasingly shared perceptions about the Arctic operational environment, contribute to a more uniform comprehension of the elements, and even enable new actors to project a future state of the Arctic environment. Responsible Editor: Øyvind Ravna, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway","PeriodicalId":36694,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Review on Law and Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84982031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Introduction: Can Cooperative Arctic Policies Survive the Current Crisis in Russian-Western Relations? 导论:合作的北极政策能否在当前俄西关系危机中幸存下来?

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1525

H. Blakkisrud

引用次数: 3

Russia’s Ambivalent Status-Quo/Revisionist Policies in the Arctic 俄罗斯在北极的矛盾现状/修正主义政策

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1336

P. Baev

引用次数: 12

Norway and Russia in the Arctic: New Cold War Contamination? 北极的挪威和俄罗斯:新的冷战污染?

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-19 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1334

Julie Wilhelmsen, Kristian Lundby Gjerde

{"title":"Norway and Russia in the Arctic: New Cold War Contamination?","authors":"Julie Wilhelmsen, Kristian Lundby Gjerde","doi":"10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1334","url":null,"abstract":"The standoff between Russia and the West over Ukraine has already obstructed cooperation across a range of issues. Could it also affect state interaction between Norway and Russia in the Arctic—an area and a relationship long characterized by a culture of compromise and/or cooperation? Here we start from the theoretical premise that states are not pre-constituted political entities, but are constantly in the making. How Russia views its own role and how it views other actors in the Arctic changes over time, calling for differing approaches. That holds true for Norway as well. To clarify the premises for interaction between Russia and Norway in the Arctic, we scrutinize changes in official discourse on Self and Other in the Arctic on both sides in the period 2012 to 2016, to establish what kind of policy mode—“realist,” “institutionalist,” or “diplomatic management”—has underlain the two countries’ official discourse in that period. Has Norway continued to pursue “balancing” policies undertaken in the realist mode with those in the diplomatic management mode? Which modes have characterized Russia’s approach toward Norway? Finding that realist-mode policies increasingly dominate on both sides, in the conclusion we discuss how the changing mode of the one state affects that of the other, and why a New Cold War is now spreading to the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":36694,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Review on Law and Politics","volume":"136 1","pages":"382-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80507664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Natural Marine Resource Management in a Changing Climate 气候变化下的自然海洋资源管理

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.23865/arctic.v9.1519

Elise Johansen

引用次数: 0

Adapting the Legal Framework of Natural Marine Resources Management to Climate Disruption: The Case of Greece 使自然海洋资源管理的法律框架适应气候破坏:希腊的案例

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1214

V. Tzatzaki

{"title":"Adapting the Legal Framework of Natural Marine Resources Management to Climate Disruption: The Case of Greece","authors":"V. Tzatzaki","doi":"10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1214","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of climate change on marine resources are well known and demand mitigation and adaptation measures in order to protect the ecosystems. This entails more than simply altering management practices; it requires altering goal setting and managing transitions to new ecosystemic conditions. In the European Union, the main legal tool for protection of the marine environment is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Greece, as a member state of the European Union, has transposed the Marine Strategy Framework Directive into its national legal order and has developed legal structures to protect its marine resources from various threats, including climate change. \u0000The present paper aims to present the legal and policy management tools in Greece, relevant to implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and climate change adaptation. For methodological reasons, the paper is divided into two parts: The first part deals with those legal tools that apply to an initial assessment of the environmental quality of Greek marine waters, while the second part analyzes legislative activities pertinent to the design and implementation of programs and measures. The aim of the national legislation is to maintain the ecosystemic integrity of the marine waters of Greece and to preserve the unique characteristics of the aquatic environment with respect to present and future generations. However, the analysis shows that a holistic legal framework demands explicit provisions for climate change impacts, while the existing framework focuses primarily on anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment.","PeriodicalId":36694,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Review on Law and Politics","volume":"72 1","pages":"359-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governing Marine Protected Areas in a Changing Climate : Private Stakeholders’ Perspectives 气候变化中的海洋保护区管理:私人利益相关者的观点

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1208

Xuechan Ma

引用次数: 2

The Arctic in Russia's Emergency Preparedness System 俄罗斯应急准备系统中的北极

Arctic Review on Law and Politics Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1131

I. Elgsaas

{"title":"The Arctic in Russia's Emergency Preparedness System","authors":"I. Elgsaas","doi":"10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23865/ARCTIC.V9.1131","url":null,"abstract":"Recent and projected developments in the Arctic call for improving emergency preparedness in the region. Arctic emergency preparedness is facing traditional challenges on a new scale as well as new, non-traditional challenges. There is political will on the part of Russian leadership to create a comprehensive emergency preparedness system in the Arctic, a system that integrates non-traditional alongside traditional emergency preparedness. This paper examines the formal institutional foundation for developing an emergency system in the Russian Arctic that includes counterterrorism as well as search and rescue and oil spill response. The paper concludes that the strengthening of Russian counterterrorism in recent years has produced a parallel specialized structure that operates autonomously and in isolation from the emergency preparedness structures responsible for handling traditional challenges. Differences between the national system for countering terrorism and the unified state system for prevention and liquidation of emergencies hinder comprehensive emergency preparedness in the Russian Arctic. That being said, there is considerable overlap in central actors between the two systems. This may serve as a window of opportunity for cooperation in Arctic emergency preparedness.","PeriodicalId":36694,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Review on Law and Politics","volume":"32 1","pages":"287-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86927799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2