Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Military Dependent Infants in Hawai'i.","authors":"Morgan F Smith, Brandon L Rozanski, Claire P Witmer, Dolores Mullikin, Sebastian K Welsh","doi":"10.62547/WKYZ3476","DOIUrl":"10.62547/WKYZ3476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among military dependent infants in the state of Hawai'i. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tripler Army Medical Center and included samples from 30 healthy, full-term infants around 4 months of age. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured, and caregivers completed questionnaires about the infant's diet, vitamin D supplementation, race/ethnicity, and military sponsor pay grade. Results revealed that 90% of infants had sufficient vitamin D levels (>20 ng/mL), with 3% deficient and 7% insufficient. The prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency was comparable to studies conducted in other regions of the United States. This is the first study to investigate infant vitamin D status in Hawai'i using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D status varied significantly by race/ethnicity. The average vitamin D level of Black or African American infants was in the insufficient range and was significantly lower than that observed in White/Caucasian and Hispanic infants. Notably, several exclusively breastfed infants who did not receive vitamin D supplementation had sufficient vitamin D levels. While study limitations include a small sample size and cross-sectional design, the findings warrant continued investigation into the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among military dependent infants in Hawai'i. Future research should explore the influence of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on infant vitamin D levels in Hawai'i and consider the impact of maternal vitamin D status, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. This could lead to more targeted vitamin D supplementation recommendations in clinical practice and potentially improve resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 4","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Teaching Medical Laboratory Science at University of Hawai'i.","authors":"Violet Nxedhlana","doi":"10.62547/DMSZ7762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62547/DMSZ7762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 4","pages":"97-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in 9th Graders of Hawai'i's Public Charter School.","authors":"Sarah J Thompson, Darian L Finley, Brooke J Chmiel, Chakameh Akhavan, Kalena N Spinola, Michelle E Balshin, Keahealailani M Takushi, Surekha Appikatla, Sharon K Hiu","doi":"10.62547/LBES2120","DOIUrl":"10.62547/LBES2120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current results from the Hawai'i public high schools' Youth Risk Behavior Survey indicate that students continue to engage in risky sexual behaviors that may lead to sexually transmitted infections or unplanned teen pregnancies. This prompted a collaborative work between A.T. Still University-School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona 2nd year medical students and educators at a public charter school in Hawai'i to create a comprehensive sexual health education series. The series highlighted the importance of medically accurate knowledge to make informed decisions and promote personal health and wellness. It included lessons on: (1) reproductive anatomy, puberty, and menstruation, (2) pregnancy, family planning, and healthy relationships, (3) contraception, and (4) sexually transmitted infections (STI). Each lesson had a pre-presentation survey, the presentation, an interactive activity, a question and answer session, and a post-presentation survey. All post-presentation surveys showed a statistically significant increase in student knowledge (P<.001) indicating that medically accurate information can be effectively delivered to high school students. Students also reported that the activities with the lessons were educational and fun, as it taught them about their bodies, prevention of STI and unintended pregnancies, and the available resources for sexual health care and family planning. Collectively, the students had positive feedback on the lesson series.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 4","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Veterans accessing Veterans Health Administration Homeless Services: A Preliminary Examination.","authors":"Ryan Holliday, Sara Lum, Christine Kindler, Shiloh E Jordan, Darrin Aase, Gayle Y Iwamasa, Shawn Liu, Jack Tsai, Lauren E Molella, Lindsey L Monteith","doi":"10.62547/UNTK4831","DOIUrl":"10.62547/UNTK4831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterans experiencing homelessness have elevated rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnoses. There remains limited research on subsets of homeless Veterans, including Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) Veterans. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic medical records of 724 752 Veterans who accessed Veterans Health Administration (VHA) homeless services from January 2005-December 2018 were examined. Of the total sample, 1177 identified as NHPI, with comparator samples of non-NHPI (n=723 575) and White (n=418 085) Veterans also generated. Rates of TBI were compared between NHPI Veterans relative to non-NHPI Veterans, as well as between NHPI and White Veterans (a subset of the non-NHPI Veteran sample). NHPI homeless Veterans were more likely to have a documented TBI diagnosis relative to non-NHPI homeless Veterans (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.57-2.11), including the White homeless Veteran subgroup specifically (AOR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.30-1.75). This persisted in the presence of several covariates, including sex, ethnicity, rurality, VA service-connected disability, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and VHA mental health and general service use. NHPI homeless Veterans were also significantly less likely to utilize VHA services, suggesting an important gap in health service delivery. Results support potentially heightened risk for TBI among NHPI homeless Veterans, and a need to elucidate if such injuries occur during or outside of military service. Alternatively, given potential sociocultural differences, understanding the experience and expression of TBI sequelae among NHPI homeless Veterans is essential. Further research is requisite to understand how to optimally engage homeless NHPI Veterans in care to ensure TBI-related sequelae are adequately identified and addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 3","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic and Pre-Medical Advising Factors Associated with Admission to the John A. Burns School of Medicine Among Premedical Students at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.","authors":"K Kanoho Hosoda, Kiana Y Shiroma, Philip M Lee, Maria Bj Chun","doi":"10.62547/NUGK1824","DOIUrl":"10.62547/NUGK1824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Medical School Hotline of the University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine was founded in 1993, by Satoru Izutu PhD (former vice-dean of UH JABSOM). It is edited by Kathleen Kihmm Connolly PhD, HJH&W Contributing Editor. Understanding predictors of medical school acceptance is essential for informing effective premedical advising and applicant preparation. The objective of this study was to identify academic and advising-related factors associated with successful admission to medical school. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using institutional student records from the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, including 238 premedical students who applied to medical school between 2018 and 2024. Academic variables included Medical College Admission Test scores, cumulative grade point average, and Association of American Medical Colleges Professional Readiness Examination scores. Advising-related variables included the number of pre-health workshops attended and advising appointments completed. Medical school acceptance was significantly correlated with Medical College Admission Test scores (r = 0.595), grade point average (r = 0.443), and Professional Readiness Examination scores (r = 0.355), with all associations reaching statistical significance (<i>P</i> < .001). In contrast, participation in advising appointments and workshops was not significantly associated with acceptance outcomes. These findings indicate that academic performance measures remain the strongest predictors of medical school acceptance among premedical students in this cohort. The lack of association between advising utilization and acceptance suggests a need to evaluate and potentially restructure advising services to better align with applicant needs and measurable outcomes. Improving the effectiveness of advising interventions may enhance their contribution to student success in the medical school application process.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 3","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficiencies in the Assessment of Penicillin Allergy in Hospitalized Children in Hawai'i, 2021-2023.","authors":"Thanaporn Ratchataswan, Rodolfo E Bégué","doi":"10.62547/VTHZ6595","DOIUrl":"10.62547/VTHZ6595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although claims of penicillin allergy are common, after evaluation they are seldom confirmed and can lead to unnecessary interventions. National recommendations are to thoroughly evaluate potential allergies and, if appropriate, to delabel. This retrospective study reviewed records of children hospitalized at Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawai'i, between January 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023 to assess the frequency of penicillin allergy claims, the appropriateness of their evaluation, and initiation of interventions. Of 3484 hospitalized children, 97 (2.8%) reported penicillin allergy. Documentation, by the admitting team, of the nature of allergy was incomplete for most (97%) of the hospitalizations, leading to deficient risk stratification, lack of implementation of recommended interventions, and frequent use of second-line antibiotics in 46.8% of those who required antibiotic treatment. While this problem is not unique to Hawai'i, it emphasizes the need for education among local providers to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 3","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Military Dependent Infants in Hawai'i.","authors":"Morgan F Smith, Brandon L Rozanski, Claire P Witmer, Dolores Mullikin, Sebastian K Welsh","doi":"10.62547/WKYZ3476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62547/WKYZ3476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among military dependent infants in the state of Hawai'i. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tripler Army Medical Center and included samples from 30 healthy, full-term infants around 4 months of age. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured, and caregivers completed questionnaires about the infant's diet, vitamin D supplementation, race/ethnicity, and military sponsor pay grade. Results revealed that 90% of infants had sufficient vitamin D levels (>20 ng/mL), with 3% deficient and 7% insufficient. The prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency was comparable to studies conducted in other regions of the United States. This is the first study to investigate infant vitamin D status in Hawai'i using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D status varied significantly by race/ethnicity. The average vitamin D level of Black or African American infants was in the insufficient range and was significantly lower than that observed in White/Caucasian and Hispanic infants. Notably, several exclusively breastfed infants who did not receive vitamin D supplementation had sufficient vitamin D levels. While study limitations include a small sample size and cross-sectional design, the findings warrant continued investigation into the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among military dependent infants in Hawai'i. Future research should explore the influence of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on infant vitamin D levels in Hawai'i and consider the impact of maternal vitamin D status, especially in exclusively breastfed infants. This could lead to more targeted vitamin D supplementation recommendations in clinical practice and potentially improve resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Known about Substance Use in Hawai'i: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Seunghye Hong, Constance Emory-Khenmy, Austin Ajimura, Gwen Williams","doi":"10.62547/WCXS6948","DOIUrl":"10.62547/WCXS6948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use is a significant public health and social welfare issue in the state of Hawai'i. Literature and data about the most affected populations and geographies in Hawai'i are scattered. A scoping review was conducted to assess the extent of available information about substance use in Hawai'i. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist was used as a guide, using 3 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL for publication years 2010-2023. A manual search was conducted to identify other reports. A total of 21 documents were included in the synthesis. The synthesis revealed a large focus on substance use among Native Hawaiians and adolescents. The granularity of geographical data was found to be at island-level and the 3 most common substances reported were alcohol, marijuana, and methamphetamine. There were data for a wide range of racial and ethnic groups, which is unique due to the diversity in the state of Hawai'i. Most documents used national datasets for reporting substance use in Hawai'i. The findings identified gaps in the literature that can be filled by future research such as focusing on the rise of substance use among older adults, disaggregating data on Pacific Islander populations in Hawai'i, reporting substance use data in geographical areas smaller than island-level, increasing the collection of data on groups that have a high risk for health problems or are underserved by health services, and intensifying collection of data about fentanyl use in Hawai'i.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 2","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Place to Belong: How Ibasho Is Redefining Aging in Hawai'i.","authors":"Emi Kiyota, Margaret A Perkinson, Clementina Ceria-Ulep","doi":"10.62547/XNMI1937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62547/XNMI1937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 2","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do We Know About the Use of Oral Nicotine Pouches? A Scoping Review of Quantitative Studies.","authors":"Samia Amin, Kristina T Phillips, Michael M Phillips, S Lani Park, Pallav Pokhrel","doi":"10.62547/NOLD3340","DOIUrl":"10.62547/NOLD3340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) represent a rapidly emerging nicotine product. Little is known about the current state of quantitative research regarding patterns of ONP use; perceptions and motives related to ONP use; adverse consequences of ONP use; and use of ONPs relative to other tobacco products. To address this gap, this review aimed to summarize the findings of published, population-based research on ONPs. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was conducted in March 2024 to identify relevant studies on ONP use. A narrative synthesis of the findings was performed. A total of 11 studies were identified including experimental (n=3), cross-sectional (n=7), or intervention-based (n=1). Nine to 10% of adolescents and young adults report ever using ONPs. ONP use is most common among young people who also currently smoke cigarettes or use electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Marketing messages centered around flavors and social facilitation appear to resonate with young people and experiencing pleasant flavors appears to a key motive for ONP use. Immediate adverse consequences of ONP use appear to be mild. Some evidence suggests that ONPs may be appealing as a reduced-harm alternative for habitual smokers. Evidence regarding ONP use patterns among adolescents and adults appears to be lacking. More longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of ONP use. In addition, more studies are needed to compare the health effects of ONP vs. e-cigarettes and to better understand the dynamics of exclusive and dual use of e-cigarettes and ONP.</p>","PeriodicalId":36659,"journal":{"name":"Hawai''i journal of health & social welfare","volume":"85 2","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}