The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition最新文献_第3页

Neural and Physiological Mechanisms of Altruism and Empathy 利他主义和共情的神经生理机制

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.59

S. Preston

引用次数: 0

Positive Processes in Close Relationships 亲密关系中的积极过程

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.35

Shelly L. Gable, N. Maisel

{"title":"Positive Processes in Close Relationships","authors":"Shelly L. Gable, N. Maisel","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.35","url":null,"abstract":"Although psychologists have learned a great deal about negative and harmful processes in relationships, they have focused less on understanding the positive and beneficial processes in relationships. Of course, almost every close relationship offers the promise of both meaningful rewards and substantial risks, such as support, intimacy, companionship, conflict, rejection, and criticism. In this chapter, we attempt to highlight the complexities involved in relationships and emphasize the positive processes, with the goal of creating a picture that represents the dynamic reality of the social world. We first discuss the important role that intimate relationships play in human life and their strong links with health and well-being. We then highlight research on the positive processes in relationships, such as positive emotions, intimacy, growth of the self-concept, and the benefits of sharing positive events. This work complements previous literature, which has tended to focus on the potential pitfalls in relationships. Inherent in our position is that a lack of negatives in a relationship is not equivalent to a positive relationship; just as an absence of psychopathology is not equivalent to flourishing. We end with outlining future directions in the positive psychology of relationships, such as a greater focus on biology and health and the need for examining moderating conditions.","PeriodicalId":366145,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition","volume":"88 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113971684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Associations Between Positive Affect and Health 积极情绪与健康之间的联系

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.61

John F. Hunter, Marie P. Cross, S. Pressman

引用次数: 1

Strengthening Positive Psychology 强化积极心理学

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199396511.013.71

M. Gallagher, S. Lopez

引用次数: 0

Territories of Positive Life Span Development 积极寿命发展领域

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.13

S. Scheibe, U. Kunzmann

{"title":"Territories of Positive Life Span Development","authors":"S. Scheibe, U. Kunzmann","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199396511.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"In search of concepts that help us understand how individuals strive for growth and perfection within the boundaries and constraints of human lives, we describe theory and research on the concepts of wisdom, or expert knowledge about human nature and the life course, and Sehnsucht (life longings), the recurring and strong desire for ideal (utopian) alternative states and expressions of life. Both represent concepts on the agenda of life span research that originate from an interest in identifying major topics of public and humanist discourse about the potentials and constraints of life span development and finding ways to measure them with the methods of normative psychological science. Despite their complexity and multiple meanings, progress has been made in the theory-driven operationalization of wisdom and life longings, allowing insights into their life span development and role for positive development. Existing research shows that wisdom and life longings do not directly promote a hedonic life orientation or happiness: neither the insight that life is incomplete (wisdom) nor the experience of this incompleteness (Sehnsucht) is compatible with feelings of unequivocal joy and pleasure. Yet there is evidence that they can contribute to other aspects of positive development, emphasizing personal growth and maturity, meaning, and the aligning of one’s own and others’ well-being.","PeriodicalId":366145,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition","volume":"23 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114104458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive Psychology within a Cultural Context 文化背景下的积极心理学

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2009-07-30 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0006

Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, S. Lopez

{"title":"Positive Psychology within a Cultural Context","authors":"Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, S. Lopez","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0006","url":null,"abstract":"As our workforce, neighborhoods, and country overall becomes more diverse, our interactions with others with different worldviews also becomes more frequent. This exposure to diversity on so many levels requires a better understanding of the multiple contexts in which people from different cultural backgrounds live and the strengths they possess that help them experience well-being. In order to define the characteristics that may be viewed as strengths in different groups, we must make efforts to remember that cultural values and norms often dictate what can be called a strength versus a weakness. It is imperative that we recognize that strengths may look very different in different contexts and that these diverse manifestations may come from a variety of worldviews. More work must be done to develop a better understanding of the way that cultural context plays a role in the operationalization, manifestation, and measurement of strengths in diverse groups. The following chapter provides a history of the connections between culture and positive psychology and discusses current issues regarding the link between cultural context and various personal characteristics. Examples from culturally sensitive positive psychological theory and research are also given in order to illustrate how researchers are better exploring positive psychology within a cultural context.","PeriodicalId":366145,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114461587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Classifying and Measuring Strengths of Character 性格优势的分类与测量

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2009-07-30 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0004

C. Peterson, Nansook Park

引用次数: 119

Meaning in Life 生命的意义

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2009-07-30 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0064

M. Steger

引用次数: 127

Toward a Biology of Social Support 走向社会支持生物学

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition Pub Date : 2009-07-30 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0049

S. Dickerson, Peggy M Zoccola, Emily D. Hooker

{"title":"Toward a Biology of Social Support","authors":"S. Dickerson, Peggy M Zoccola, Emily D. Hooker","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195187243.013.0049","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of close, supportive ties to others can have a wide range of positive effects on health; certain biological processes may play a key role in linking positive social relationships to salubrious health outcomes. In this chapter, we review the research that connects the presence of strong, supportive social ties to positive physiological functioning, with an underlying emphasis on the implications for health and disease. Cross-sectional and prospective studies demonstrate that high levels of social integration and/or social support are associated with positive biological profiles (e.g., lower levels of neuroendocrine activity, better functioning of the immune system), whereas social isolation and loneliness can have detrimental effects on these parameters. Other research provides evidence for the stress-buffering hypothesis, which states that social support exerts beneficial effects via a downregulation of stress responses, including dampened sympathetic and neuroendocrine activity. Conversely, deficient social relationships or social conflict have been linked with negative biological profiles. Emerging animal and human research suggests that oxytocin and endogenous opioids may underlie some of these physiological and health effects. Further elucidating the pathways through which social support could influence health outcomes could subsequently be used to develop theoretically sound interventions to optimize physiological functioning and health.","PeriodicalId":366145,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129529801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38