The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the mode of action of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine on rat skeletal muscle after denervation.","authors":"M. Andrews, C. Doro, J. Nolan, R. Whittaker","doi":"10.1097/00132586-198802000-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198802000-00009","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of equimolar concentrations (3.0 X 10(-5) M) of succinylcholine (SCh) and succinylmonocholine (SMC) were studied in-vitro at 20 degrees C in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) 0-147 days after common peroneal nerve section. Analysis of simultaneous measurements of K+ efflux (mmolL-1 g-1) and contracture tension (mN) to SCh showed that there was a rapid increase in the mean values of both parameters up to 22-28 days after denervation (7.7 mmolL-1 g-1, 36 mN). At the end of the period studied, the contracture response declined to 4.0 mN whilst the capacity for K+ efflux remained relatively high (4.8 mmolL-1 g-1) in comparison with normal contralateral EDL muscle (n = 82) K+ efflux measurements (0.62 mmolL-1 g-1). A significant correlation (r = 0.86, P less than or equal to 0.001) was found between SCh-induced K+ efflux and contracture tension 1-56 days following nerve section which indicated that the development of the contracture response and K+ efflux were concomitant during the period specified. The ratios of maximum contracture tension/K+ efflux in response to SCh and SMC, 18-22 days after denervation were similar, 4.9 and 5.9, respectively. Results indicated that the mode of action of each agent was similar in denervated rat skeletal muscle, and that they were equally potent in their hyperkalaemic potential. Results of comparative measurements of membrane depolarization and contracture tension in response to SCh and SMC showed that both agents produced quantitatively similar responses at 7 and 14 days after denervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130386003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of midazolam during anaesthesia.","authors":"P. Cervat-Pisano, S. Dragna, C. Granthil, P. Coassola, J. Cano, G. Francois","doi":"10.1097/00132586-198706000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198706000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam plasma concentrations have been monitored and pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam estimated during anaesthesia induced and maintained by its repeated injection according to two protocols (3 X 0.3 mg kg-1 at 45 min intervals or an induction dose of 0.3 mg kg-1 with maintenance doses of 0.15 mg kg-1 at 30 min intervals). Minimum plasma concentrations of midazolam measured just before each injection were 258.8 +/- 108.4 ng ml-1 for the first protocol and 353.1 +/- 55.2 ng ml-1 for the second protocol; maximum midazolam concentrations, measured 5 min after the last administration, were 1103.1 +/- 237.9 ng ml-1 and 743.0 +/- 103.2 ng ml-1, respectively, suggesting that a continuous infusion of midazolam after a loading dose should be better than repeated injections at keeping the concentration close to the sedative level of 400 ng ml-1. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those already published, except for the beta elimination half-life of midazolam (3.24 +/- 0.90 h for protocol 1 and 3.34 +/- 1.47 h for protocol 2) which was slightly longer than that reported for single dose studies. The comparison of plasma determinations, obtained either by gas-liquid chromatography or by a radioreceptor assay technique, clearly showed that 1-hydroxymidazolam, even after repeated midazolam administration, was not present at a concentration sufficient to affect the overall pharmacological activity of the parent drug.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125190293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The availability of nitroglycerin from parenteral solutions.","authors":"M. Roberts, P. Cossum, A. Galbraith, G. Boyd","doi":"10.1097/00132586-198104000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198104000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of nitroglycerin from solution infused from Viaflex plastic infusion bags or glass infusion bottles through Buretrol plastic giving sets has been examined. Each of the individual components of the infusion bag/giving set system (i.e. infusion bag, burette and infusion tubing) sorbed nitroglycerin to a significant extent. It was found that the event and rate of nitroglycerin disappearance from solutions stored in each of the components were in the rank order: tubing greater than burette greater than infusion bag. The disappearance kinetics of nitroglycerin from solutions stored in each component was more accurately described by a 'diffusion' model than by the 'two compartment kinetic' model reported previously. The dimensions of the components and the volume of solution used were determinants of the rate and extent of nitroglycerin disappearance. In simulated infusions of nitroglycerin through plastic infusion bag (or glass bottle)/giving set system the flow rate of solution through the plastic infusion tubing affected the concentration of nitroglycerin in the effluent and the extent of sorption by the components of the infusion delivery system. The loss of nitroglycerin in these studies could be accounted for solely by the sorption of nitroglycerin by the plastic components of the infusion bag/giving set system.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pancuronium on myocardial contraction and catecholamine metabolism.","authors":"A. Ivankovich, D. J. Miletich, R. Albrecht, B. Zahed","doi":"10.1097/00132586-197608000-00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-197608000-00020","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of pancuronium bromide infusion on the uptake and release of [14C] noradrenaline (14C-NA) by the isolated, perfused rat heart and on the chronotropic and inotropic activity of the isolated heart were evaluated. Hearts were removed from animals under light ether anaesthesia, transferred to a modified Langendorff perfusing apparatus and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution at a rate of 5 ml min-1. The effect of pancuronium on the uptake of noradrenaline was determined by perfusing hearts for 5 min with perfusate containing various concentrations of pancuronium and 200 ng ml-1 of 14C-NA. After 5 min pancuronium-treated hearts contained less 14C-NA. The degree of reduced uptake increased with increasing concentrations of pancuronium. In addition, the combination of pancuronium perfusion and electrical stimulation (15 mA for 10 ms at 4 Hz) blocked the 50 min uptake of 14C-NA by the heart to a greater degree than either factor separately. The release of noradrenaline was determined after perfusing hearts with 14C-NA followed by perfusion with solution containing pancuronium but no 14C-NA for 1 h. Pancuronium infusion did not significantly alter the release of 14C-NA from the heart after 1 h of perfusion. The infusion of pancuronium caused a reduction in both the rate and strength of myocardial contraction of the isolated heart which was reversed by perfusion with perfusate free of pancuronium. Following perfusion with pancurnium the rate and strength of contraction of the heart was seen to \"rebound\" above pre-pancuronium values for a short period. The rebound of myocardial rate and contraction may have been due to the presence of myocardial noradrenaline previously blocked from reuptake by pancuronium since hearts removed from reserpinized animals did not demonstrate \"rebound.\"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"27 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129476008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACTIONS OF HEMICHOLINIUM AND TRIETHYLCHOLINE ON RESPONSES OF GUINEA-PIG COLON TO STIMULATION OF AUTONOMIC NERVES.","authors":"M J RAND, A RIDEHALGH","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07633.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07633.x","url":null,"abstract":"Hemicholinium caused a failure of responses of the guinea‐pig colon to stimulation of extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves: failure of the parasympathetic responses occurred the more readily. In seven of 20 experiments, hemicholinium did not block the inhibitory response to sympathetic nerve stimulation but the latent period between the start of a train of stimuli and the first sign of relaxation was prolonged after repeated stimulation in the presence of hemicholinium in all 20 experiments. Triethylcholine caused failure of responses of the guinea‐pig colon and a reduction of responses of rabbit ileum to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Choline sometimes reversed the blocking action of hemicholinium on responses to parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve stimulation.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"144-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07633.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40795359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FURTHER ASPECTS OF THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF SOME NON-IONIC DETERGENTS.","authors":"P H ELWORTHY, C B MACFARLANE","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07632.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07632.x","url":null,"abstract":"The most interesting properties of detergents in solution are their surface and micellar behaviour and the factors affecting this. Aqueous solutions of non-ionic detergents are colloidal, thus the techniques applied in their study have been similar to those generally used in colloid science. It has now been accepted that molecules of non-ionic detergents having a polyoxyethylene chain sufficiently large to produce water solubility of the hydrophobic moiety, orientate themselves in micelles with the hydrophobic moiety inside and the glycol chains outside. The glycol chain confers water solubility by trapping water molecules in some way (Goto, Sugano & Koizumi, 1954; Ferguson, 1955). The exact amount of water trapped and the means by which this is effected is conjectural as, until recently, no independent method of measuring the aqueous covolume of the micelle had been reported. Hydroxonium ions, hydrogen bonding and various arrangements of the water molecules around the ether oxygens or within the glycol structure have been suggested (Chwala & Martin, 1937, 1947; Wurzchmitt, 1950; Trinchieri, 1952; Hsaio, Dunning & Lorenz, 1956; Kehren & Rosch, 1956; Rosch, 1956; Bailey & Callard, 1959 ; Schick, 1963b). From viscosity and micellar studies, Kushner & Hubbard (1954) estimated that there were 43 molecules of water per polyoxyethylene chain in a micelle of Triton X 100 (nl0). Of this number, they suggested 20 molecules were held by hydrogen bonding to the ether oxygens, the rest being physically trapped by the chain. Nakagawa & Inoue (1958) showed the number of hydrating water molecules per oxygen atom of the polyoxyethylene chain increased with chain length. Other workers (Karabinos, Hazdra & Ballun, 1955; Karabinos & Metziger, 1955; Kehren & Rosch, 1956; Reich, 1956; Rosch, 1956; Boehmke & Heusch, 1960), using data from viscosity, polarimetry, and heat of hydration, have given 1, 2, 3 or 4 water molecules per ether oxygen, depending on the chain length and the workers concerned. We have recently described a method, based on vapour pressure measurements, of estimating the micellar hydration (Elworthy & Macfarlane, 1964). The vapour pressures over gels and concentrated solutions of detergents were measured as a function of detergent concentration and, by a suitable extrapolation procedure, the concentration determined at which the solution had (within experimental error), the same apparent","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"129-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07632.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40795358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A NOTE ON THE TOXICITY AND SOLVENT PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE.","authors":"V. Brown, J. Robinson, D. E. Stevenson","doi":"10.1097/00043764-196403000-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-196403000-00030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117144481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuromuscular blocking action of suxamethonium on the rat diaphragm.","authors":"R. Whittaker","doi":"10.1097/00132586-196402000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-196402000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments are described using the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, in which suxamethonium produced a neuromuscular block consisting of an initial phase of fairly sharp onset followed by a prolonged phase, which first remained at a steady level and then slowly decreased in intensity over several hours. Suxamethonium block is antagonised by potassium and intensified by tubocurarine in both phases. It would therefore appear that the depolarising action of suxamethonium is complicated by some measure of competitive inhibition in the isolated nerve-muscle preparation as in the intact animal.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131334874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infra-red spectroscopy.","authors":"T. Canback","doi":"10.1615/atoz.i.infra-red_spectroscopy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/atoz.i.infra-red_spectroscopy","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121852798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology of alkaloids.","authors":"K. Mothes","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.PP.06.060155.002141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.PP.06.060155.002141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1955-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114785713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}