{"title":"An introduction to one- and two-dimensional lineshape analysis of chemically exchanging systems","authors":"Christopher A. Waudby , Ignacio Alfonso","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecules are dynamic entities, and understanding intra- and inter-molecular reactions and changes in conformation is one of the most fascinating, important and complex subjects in NMR. Conformational changes and chemical reactions result in observed spins exchanging between different magnetic environments, and the sensitivity of NMR spectra to such dynamic processes has been recognised since the earliest days of the field. Careful analysis of such spectra, acquired using one- or two-dimensional experiments, can provide insight into structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the underlying exchange process. The theoretical principles of these lineshape analysis methods will be introduced in this article, alongside a practical discussion of calculation methods, data acquisition and analysis software.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3266169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tommy Yunpu Zhao , Michelle P. Lapak , Ranjan Behera , Hanqin Zhao , Maria-Jose Ferrer , Helena E. Hagelin Weaver , Wenyu Huang , Clifford R. Bowers
{"title":"Perpetual hyperpolarization of allyl acetate from parahydrogen and continuous flow heterogeneous hydrogenation with recycling of unreacted propargyl acetate","authors":"Tommy Yunpu Zhao , Michelle P. Lapak , Ranjan Behera , Hanqin Zhao , Maria-Jose Ferrer , Helena E. Hagelin Weaver , Wenyu Huang , Clifford R. Bowers","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel closed loop, continuous flow (CF) reactor system for parahydrogen enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of liquids via heterogeneous catalysis is introduced which enables recycling of unreacted liquid substrate reactant. This system consists of an HPLC pump, a liquid substrate reservoir incorporating a gas diffuser, an all-metal packed bed catalytic reactor, and an AF-2400 tube-in-tube gas permeable membrane for removal of normal H<sub>2</sub>. Two types of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts were tested: mesoporous silica encapsulated Pt<sub>3</sub>Sn intermetallic nanoparticles and a Rh on anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> support. In the CF hydrogenation of propargyl acetate to allyl acetate, the hyperpolarized signals exhibited stability over 20 min of recirculation, with signal enhancements of up to 626 using 99% p-H<sub>2</sub> and negligible leaching of the catalyst into the flowing solutions. These results demonstrate the practicality of performing systematic optimization of conditions for continuous flow catalysis and polarization transfer to heteronuclei with important implications for biomedical magnetic resonance imaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1826384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1H and 19F NMR chemical shifts for hydrogen bond strength determination: Correlations between experimental and computed values","authors":"Claudio Dalvit , Marina Veronesi , Anna Vulpetti","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F NMR methods based on chemical shift measurements of different hydrogen bond donors used for quantifying hydrogen bond strength were analyzed and compared. The extracted values from these different methods are shown to be highly correlated with each other and with several experimental and <em>ab initio</em> computed quantities characterizing hydrogen bond formation. The titration method based on <sup>19</sup>F NMR spectroscopy was performed for detecting and quantifying the formation of very weak hydrogen bond complexes such as those involving fluorine atoms as hydrogen bond acceptors. This approach represents a powerful and reliable method for studying and characterizing these complexes that, although weak, are very relevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3449334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially encoded polarization transfer for improving the quantitative aspect of 1H–13C HSQC","authors":"Bikash Baishya , Rajeev Verma , Rashmi Parihar","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peak overlap hampers quantification in one-dimensional (1D) <sup>1</sup>H NMR. 2D <sup>1</sup>H -<sup>13</sup>C HSQC spectrum provides resolution superior to 1D <sup>1</sup>H NMR. However, quantifying the components in a complex mixture with HSQC is not straightforward as in 1D <sup>1</sup>H NMR. Quantification using HSQC could open up new avenues for studying metabolism. The variations in <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C scalar couplings, T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>, and pulse imperfections contribute to this problem. Although T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> can be suitably chosen to minimize their deleterious effects, the differential polarization transfer for different resonances owing to large variations in <sup>1</sup>H -<sup>13</sup>C couplings does not allow the cross-peak intensities to be directly correlated to the quantity of metabolites. Existing approaches are time-consuming. We show that spatial encoding of the polarization transfer delays in HSQC using sweep frequency pulses in the presence of a magnetic field gradient allows one to have a transfer of polarization from <sup>1</sup>H to <sup>13</sup>C insensitive to variations in <sup>1</sup>H -<sup>13</sup>C couplings improving the quantitative aspect of HSQC. Comparisons to other QHSQC and perfected HSQC variants are also provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1826381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of stereoelectronic interactions on the 13C NMR chemical shift in iodine-containing molecules","authors":"Renan V. Viesser , Cláudio F. Tormena","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methyl substitution in ortho position causes a deshielding of 6–7 ppm on the <sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shift of the own methyl group and the carbon nucleus bonded to iodine atom (ipso) in iodobenzene-like molecules. In contrast, the carbon ipso is 3–4 ppm shielded when methyl is in para. To understand how the position of methyl substitution perturbs nuclear magnetic responses in iodobenzene and diacetoxyiodobenzene derivatives, shielding mechanisms are theoretically investigated via density functional theory calculations. We show the relative ortho position between iodine and methyl allows through-space and through-bond interactions to take place, generating additional paramagnetic currents and affecting the spin-orbit coupling propagation. Relevant paramagnetic couplings that explain the para methyl substitution behavior are also presented. Shielding mechanisms discussed here for monomethylated compounds can be summed to predict the <sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shift in multi methyl substituted iodine-containing compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1888165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting dipolar relaxation of a homonuclear spin pair in the presence of a radio frequency field: A tutorial","authors":"Yuki Toyama , Lewis E. Kay","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NMR studies exploit spin relaxation in a multitude of different ways, providing information on molecular structure and dynamics. Calculating the relaxation rates of NMR active nuclei in multi-spin systems is often a prerequisite for the proper analysis of experimental data. For many researchers the calculations appear complex, often involving different basis sets or expressions describing relaxation in different frames. In this tutorial paper we derive expressions for dipolar relaxation of an <em>I</em>-<em>S</em> two spin spin-system in the presence of a <em>B</em><sub>1</sub> radio frequency field, where spins <em>I</em> and <em>S</em> can be either like or unlike. We consider two different approaches for the derivation of relaxation elements that have been used in the literature, including one where a series of transformations are carried out to the interaction representation of the effective field, comprising <em>B</em><sub>1</sub> and Zeeman components. A second procedure is based on the well-known Solomon equations. We show that both approaches lead to identical results, in the process presenting a pedagogical description of relaxation theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3135449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontiers of NMR","authors":"Miquel Pons","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article is the content of the closing lecture delivered at the XIVth Manuel Rico Advanced NMR Course, held in Jaca (Spain) in June 2022. It is my personal impression on the technical frontiers where I expect new advances to expand even further the fields of NMR application, especially in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology. It is dedicated to Robert Konrat on the occasion of his 60th birthday as an acknowledgement of his wide range of interest and vast scientific culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1826382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Rotzinger, Sebastian Tassoti, Klaus Zangger
{"title":"An all-at-once 2D CEST by F1-spatial frequency encoding","authors":"Markus Rotzinger, Sebastian Tassoti, Klaus Zangger","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work we present a 2D NMR experiment that provides insight into the full chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) network present in a sample. It yields all CEST profiles between any signals in a spectrum at once. The method relies on a combination of slice selective saturation during the preparation period, combined with an inverse read-out gradient applied during the evolution time. The resulting 2D spectrum yields gradient profiles in F1 with dips at the frequencies of signals that show a CEST to the corresponding signal in F2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3266174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate analysis and perspectives for systematic design of magnetic resonance experiments using single-spin vector and exact effective Hamiltonian theory","authors":"Anders B. Nielsen, Niels Chr. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aimed at fundamental understanding and design of advanced magnetic resonance experiments on basis of Hamiltonians, we describe highly convergent and exact effective Hamiltonian methods which alleviate important deficits of current less accurate methods. This involves single-spin vector effective Hamiltonian theory (SSV-EHT) to first order in the interaction frame of rf and chemical shift offsets as well as exact effective Hamiltonian theory (EEHT) being an exact approach to average Hamiltonian theory not relying on interaction frame transformations. Bringing these methods together, we present tools to analyze challenging experiments in need of considering large static components in Hamiltonian (e.g., offsets) while economizing with radiofrequency irradiation power. It is demonstrated how the two complementary tools may provide important new insight into the detailed effective Hamiltonians of advanced NMR experiments, noting that the methods are by no means restricted to NMR. This is demonstrated for isotropic mixing in liquid-state NMR and dipolar recoupling in solid-state NMR where insight into the delicate interplay between bilinear two-spin and linear single-spin terms in the effective Hamiltonian may increase understanding of determinants for broadband excitation and the formation of recoupling resonances. Furthermore, we demonstrate how simple products single-spin effective Hamiltonians may be used as generators of multiple-spin effective Hamiltonians and though this a new approach to density operator calculations for large multiple-spin systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.624,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3340430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}