Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique最新文献

{"title":"Individual and community-level factors of abortion in East Africa: a multilevel analysis.","authors":"Tesfa Sewunet Aalmneh,&nbsp;Adugnaw Zeleke Alem,&nbsp;Gebrekidan Ewnetu Tarekegn,&nbsp;Tilahun Kassew,&nbsp;Bikis Liyew,&nbsp;Bewuketu Terefe","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00938-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00938-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abortion is one of the top five causes of maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries. It is associated with a complication related to pregnancy and childbirth. Despite this, there was limited evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of abortion in East African countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of abortion among reproductive-aged women in East African countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of 12 East African countries was used. A total weighted sample of 431,518 reproductive-age women was included in the analysis. Due to the hierarchical nature of the DHS data, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was applied. Both crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for potential associated factors of abortion in East Africa. In the final model, variables with a p value < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors of abortion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around 5.96% (95%CI: 4.69, 7.22) of reproductive-aged women in East Africa had a history of abortion. Alcohol use, tobacco or cigarette smoking, being single, poorer wealth index, currently working, traditional family planning methods, and media exposure were associated with a higher risk of abortion. However, higher parity, having optimum birth intervals, and modern contraceptive uses were associated with lower odds of abortion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of abortion among reproductive-aged women in East Africa was high. Abortion was affected by various socio-economic and obstetrical factors. Therefore, it is better to consider the high-risk groups during the intervention to prevent the burdens associated with abortion.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9361670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40595179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual-and community-level factors associated with anemia among children aged 6-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 32 sub-Saharan African countries.","authors":"Beminate Lemma Seifu,&nbsp;Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00950-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00950-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia among children aged 6-23 months is a major public health problem worldwide specifically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Anemia during the childhood period causes significant short-and long-term health consequences. However, there is a paucity of evidence on Anemia among children aged 6-23 months in SSA. Therefore, this study examined the individual- and community-level factors associated with anemia among children aged 6-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was done based on the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 32 sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 51,044 children aged 6-23 months was included for analysis. We have used a multilevel proportional odds model to identify predictors of severity levels of anemia. Variables with p < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel proportional odds model, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, about 76.6% (95% CI: 76.2%, 76.9%) of children aged 6-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa were anemic. In the multivariable multilevel proportional odds model, being female, being aged 18-23 months, higher level of maternal education, being larger size at birth, belonging to a wealthier household, getting four ANC visits and above, advanced maternal age, and belonging to a community with high maternal education were significantly associated with lower odds of higher levels of anemia. On the other hand, being twin birth, being smaller size at birth, being of a higher order of birth, having fever in the last two weeks, and distance to a health facility were significantly associated with higher odds of higher levels of anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that more than three-fourths of children aged 6-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa were anemic. This finding proved that the severity levels of anemia among children in sub-Saharan Africa remain a serious public health concern. Therefore, to curve this problem enhancing maternal education, promoting maternal health service utilization, and improving health care access is crucial. In addition, health care providers better give special emphasis to twin births, higher-order birth, and those belonging to poor households to reduce the incidence of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in SSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9357302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40675172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring pandemic-related health literacy among adolescents in Germany: a focus group study.","authors":"Anne-Kathrin Mareike Loer,&nbsp;Olga Maria Domanska,&nbsp;Christiane Stock,&nbsp;Susanne Jordan","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00937-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health literacy enables people to cope efficiently with health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about health literacy among adolescents in general and especially in the context of pandemics. This study aimed to explore pandemic-related health literacy among adolescents by addressing cognitive, behavioral, conative, and affective components of the multidimensional health literacy construct.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four online focus groups with 24 adolescents aged 13-17 years from four German federal states were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in May and June 2021. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding the cognitive and behavioral components of pandemic-related health literacy, adolescents reported to use a broad range of traditional and digital media and personal information sources. The adolescents considered pandemic-related information to be good and easy to understand, when the information is presented in a concise and structured manner. The participants stated difficulties in finding, understanding, and evaluating pandemic-related information regarding particular protective measures. The adolescents described themselves to be critical when evaluating pandemic-related information and reported a high level of adherence to protective measures. Regarding the conative and affective components of health literacy, the adolescents explained that their wish to protect their loved ones from getting infected was the predominant motive for adherence to protective measures. They were convinced that people of their age play a role in pandemic containment. The adolescents reported sometimes making exceptions from adhering to protective measures to cope with negative feelings they experienced during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights on how measures to improve pandemic-related health literacy among adolescents may be tailored to their needs. Prompt, concise, structured, and comprehensible preparation and communication of pandemic-related information in addition to educational efforts to strengthen health-related cognitive skills and critical health literacy may be supportive to reduce barriers in finding, understanding, and evaluating pandemic-related content.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40674198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living labs for a mobile app-based health program: effectiveness of a 24-week walking intervention for cardiovascular disease risk reduction among female Korean-Chinese migrant workers: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Youlim Kim,&nbsp;Hyeonkyeong Lee,&nbsp;Misook Lee Chung","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00941-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00941-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) among adult populations is influenced by environmental factors, and immigrant populations tend to be more vulnerable. This study examined the effectiveness of a 24-week walking program based on social-cognitive determinants through mobile app for CVD risk reduction among female Korean-Chinese middle-aged workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited by distributing posters and flyers and randomly assigned to either the standard treatment (ST, n = 22) or enhanced treatment group (ET, n = 28). Participants were provided with a mobile app linked to Fitbit Alta for 24 weeks and instructed to walk at least 30 minutes five times a week and moderate-intensity physical activity. The ET group had additional interventions that enhanced social-cognitive determinants such as self-efficacy, social support. All participants were guided to voluntary physical activity during the 12-week maintenance period. Data were analyzed by the Mann Whitney U-test and a generalized estimating equation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant between-group differences regarding the number of steps (B = 1.295, P < .001) and moderate physical activity time (OR = 6.396, P = .030) at week 12. ET group had significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (B = 10.522, P = .007), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (B = -16.178, P = .024), total cholesterol (B = -20.325, P = .039), fasting blood sugar (B = - 8.138, P = -.046). In addition, there was a significant reduction of 10-year CVD risk for the ET group over 12 weeks compared to the ST group (B = -0.521, P<. 001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term studies are needed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in large-scale migrant workers and to confirm the direct and insdirect effects of social-cognitive determinants on health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was retrospectively registered in WHO ICTRP (KCT0006467) August 19th, 2021. ( https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=KCT0006467.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9351079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40601984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic vaccination strategies of early 2021 based on behavioral differences between residents of Tokyo and Osaka, Japan.","authors":"Hidenori Yasuda,&nbsp;Fuyu Ito,&nbsp;Ken-Ichi Hanaki,&nbsp;Kazuo Suzuki","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00933-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00933-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the fourth COVID-19 wave in Japan, marked differences became apparent in the scale of the epidemic between metropolitan Tokyo in eastern Japan and Osaka prefecture in western Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Public epidemic data were analyzed, with performance of mathematical simulations using simplified SEIR models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The increase in the number of infected persons per 100,000 population during the fourth wave of expansion was greater in Osaka than in Tokyo. The basic reproduction number in Osaka was greater than in Tokyo. Particularly, the number of infected people in their 20 s increased during the fourth wave: The generation-specific reproduction number for people in their 20 s was higher than for people of other generations. Both Tokyo and Osaka were found to have strong correlation between the increase in the number of infected people and the average number of people using the main downtown stations at night. Simulations showed vaccination of people in their 60 s and older reduced the number of infected people among the high-risk elderly population in the fourth wave. However, age-specific vaccination of people in their 20 s reduced the number of infected people more than vaccination of people in their 60 s and older.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in the epidemic between Tokyo and Osaka are explainable by different behaviors of the most socially active generation. When vaccine supplies are adequate, priority should be assigned to high-risk older adults, but if vaccine supplies are scarce, simulation results suggest consideration of vaccinating specific groups among whom the epidemic is spreading rapidly.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9351264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40582644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life and its correlated factors among patients with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bahram Armoon,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Fleury,&nbsp;Amir-Hossien Bayat,&nbsp;Azadeh Bayani,&nbsp;Rasool Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mark D Griffiths","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00940-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00940-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) usually report lower quality of life (QoL) than other patients and as much as patients with other mental disorders. The present study investigated variables associated with QoL domains among patients with SUD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies in English published before December 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; 2021, were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on factors associated with QoL domains among patients with SUD. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-texts of selected papers were assessed for eligibility using PECO (Participants, Exposures, Comparison and Outcome) criteria: (a) participants: patients with SUD; (b) exposures: sociodemographic factors, clinical, and service use variables; (c) comparison: patient groups without SUD; and (d) outcomes: four domains of QoL (physical, mental, social, and environmental domains). Three researchers recorded the data independently using predefined Excel spreadsheets. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for assessing risk of bias and rated each study in terms of exposure, outcome, and comparability. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficient were utilized at a 95% confidence level, and because sampling methods differed between studies' pooled estimates, a random effects model was utilized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After the assessment of over 10,230 papers, a total of 17 studies met the eligibility criteria. Five studies (1260 participants) found that patients with SUD who were older were less likely to have a good physical Qol (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.95). Two studies (1171 participants) indicated that patients with SUD who were homeless were less likely to have a good environmental Qol (β = -0.47, p = 0.003). However, a better mental QoL was observed in four studies (1126 participants) among those receiving support from their family or friends (social networks) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.07). Two studies (588 participants) showed that those using cocaine were less likely to have a good mental QoL (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.93). Two studies (22,534 participants) showed that those using alcohol were less likely to have a good physical QoL (β = -2.21, p = 0.001). Two studies (956 participants) showed that those having severe substance use disorders were less likely to have a good mental (β = -5.44, p = 0.002) and environmental (β = -0.59, p = 0.006) QoL respectively. Four studies (3515 participants) showed that those having mental disorders were less likely to have a good physical QoL (β = -1.05, p = 0.001), and another three studies (1211 participants) that those having mental disorders were less likely to have a good mental QoL (β = -0.33, p = 0.001). Finally, two studies (609 and 682 participants) showed that individuals who experienced trauma symptoms or mental disorders were less likely to have good social and environmental QoL, respectively (OR = 0.78,","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9351239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing variations in estimates of drowning mortality in Turkey from 2013 to 2019.","authors":"Ali Işın,&nbsp;Amy E Peden","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00944-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00944-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drowning is an under-recognised public health threat and a leading cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity. However, in many countries, including Turkey, limited data impair understanding of drowning burden and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study drowning estimates (defined using International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes W65-74) do not include flood-related deaths (X38) and water transportation related drownings (V90, V92). A lack of accessible and reliable country-level data impacts a country's ability to develop appropriate drowning prevention interventions and measure efficacy. This retrospective population-based study aimed to explore differences between two datasets in fatal drowning in Turkey between 2013 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National, all-age data on fatal drownings (restrictive definition: ICD-10 codes W65-74) were sourced from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) and the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, a broader definition of drowning including water transport, flood-related deaths and drowning due to undetermined intent (ICD-10 codes W65-74, V90, V92, X38, Y21, T751) were sourced from TurkStat. Numeric and percentage differences in number of drowning deaths were calculated overall and by sex, age group and death year. Chi square (p < 0.05) and relative risk (95% confidence intervals) using crude drowning rates per 100,000 population were also calculated for TurkStat data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2019, TurkStat reported a total of 5004 drowning deaths (coded W65-74) were reported, compared to 5252 (5% difference; n = 248) using the broader definition. A restrictive definition underreported drowning most significantly in females (9.5%; n = 97), 5-9 year-olds (8.9%; n = 31) and in the 2015 calendar year (30.2%; n = 226). Males accounted for 78.8% of drowning in Turkey, with females significantly (p < 0.001) more at risk under 10 years of age (0-4 years X² = 67.9; 5-9 years X² = 23.9) and aged 65+ years (X² = 29.7). GBD data overestimated a restrictive definition of drowning by 3.2% overall (7.6% for females, 52.5% for 0-4 year-olds) and underreported drowning for 65+ year-olds by 17% when compared to TurkStat restrictive definition of drowning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a restrictive definition of drowning doesn't greatly impact estimates at a population level in Turkey, there are variations. This highlights the importance of accurate country-level drowning data to guide decision making for prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9341097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We cobble together a storyline of system performance using a diversity of things\": a qualitative study of perspectives on public health performance measurement in Canada.","authors":"Meghan O'Neill,&nbsp;Eric De Prophetis,&nbsp;Sara Allin,&nbsp;Andrew D Pinto,&nbsp;Robert W Smith,&nbsp;Erica Di Ruggiero,&nbsp;Robert Schwartz,&nbsp;Jasmine Pawa,&nbsp;Mehdi Ammi,&nbsp;Laura C Rosella","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00931-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00931-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There have been longstanding calls for public health systems transformations in many countries, including Canada. Core to these calls has been strengthening performance measurement. While advancements have been made in performance measurement for certain sectors of the health care system (primarily focused on acute and primary health care), effective use of indicators for measuring public health systems performance are lacking. This study describes the current state, anticipated challenges, and future directions in the development and implementation of a public health performance measurement system for Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with public health leaders (n = 9) between July and August 2021. Public health leaders included researchers, government staff, and former medical officers of health who were purposively selected due to their expertise and experience with performance measurement with relevance to public health systems in Canada. Thematic analysis included both a deductive approach for themes consistent with the conceptual framework and an inductive approach to allow new themes to emerge from the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conceptual, methodological, contextual, and infrastructure challenges were highlighted by participants in designing a performance measurement system for public health. Specifically, six major themes evolved that encompass 1) the mission and purpose of public health systems, including challenges inherent in measuring the functions and services of public health; 2) the macro context, including the impacts of chronic underinvestment and one-time funding injections on the ability to sustain a measurement system; 3) the organizational structure/governance of public health systems including multiple forms across Canada and underdevelopment of information technology systems; 4) accountability approaches to performance measurement and management; and 5) timing and unobservability in public health indicators. These challenges require dedicated investment, strong leadership, and political will from the federal and provincial/territorial governments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unprecedented attention on public health due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted opportunities for system improvements, such as addressing the lack of a performance measurement system. This study provides actionable knowledge on conceptual, methodological, contextual, and infrastructure challenges needed to design and build a pan-Canadian performance measurement system for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9335461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40561244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 infection in Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan using prospective space-time scan statistics from April 2020 to April 2022.","authors":"Yixiao Lu,&nbsp;Guoxi Cai,&nbsp;Zhijian Hu,&nbsp;Fei He,&nbsp;Yixian Jiang,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Aoyagi","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00921-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00921-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to April 2022, there were six waves of infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. As the outbreaks continue to grow, it is critical to detect COVID-19's clusters to allocate health resources and improve decision-making substantially. This study aimed to identify active clusters of COVID-19 in Nagasaki Prefecture and form the spatiotemporal pattern of high-risk areas in different infection periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the prospective space-time scan statistic to detect emerging COVID-19 clusters and examine the relative risk in five consecutive periods from April 1, 2020 to April 7, 2022, in Nagasaki Prefecture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The densely inhabited districts (DIDs) in Nagasaki City have remained the most affected areas since December 2020. Most of the confirmed cases in the early period of each wave had a history of travelling to other prefectures. Community-level transmissions are suggested by the quick expansion of spatial clusters from urban areas to rural areas and remote islands. Moreover, outbreaks in welfare facilities and schools may lead to an emerging cluster in Nagasaki Prefecture's rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study gives an overall analysis of the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nagasaki Prefecture, based on the number of machi-level daily cases. Furthermore, the findings in different waves can serve as references for subsequent pandemic prevention and control. This method helps the health authorities track and investigate outbreaks of COVID-19 that are specific to these environments, especially in rural areas where healthcare resources are scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40541712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of uniform food information -the case of front of package nutrition labels in the EU.","authors":"Federico Bottari,&nbsp;Cecilia Mark-Herbert","doi":"10.1186/s13690-022-00915-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00915-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current malnutrition epidemic calls for actions. Current practices in the EU show a variety of communication efforts but the international character of food markets call for a harmonized language. The aim of the project is to identify the themes in the on-going debate regarding the development of a single front-of-package nutrition label in the European Union. A case study approach was used, focusing on the positions of different key stakeholders in Sweden and Italy. Overarching EU-perspectives, European Commission and European Council of Ministries were also included. Collected data from semi-structured interviews and strategic documents were used in a thematic content analysis. The results show that the stakeholders are influencing the process towards contradicting outcomes. Different stakeholders argue for opposing ideal labelling schemes, while still agreeing on the need for a harmonization. Major disagreements arise on whether the label should be voluntary or not, based on portion or 100 g and on the ideal label design. Stakeholders' positions depend on food system role and previous experience of this type of labelling. The internal political debate in the European Union is still at an early stage and consensus has not been reached due to diverging views. The patterns that emerge from the analysis of the different point of views can facilitate the cooperation between stakeholders and policy-makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":365748,"journal":{"name":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique","volume":" ","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40627967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}