Journal of New Zealand Grasslands最新文献_第9页

Winter crop choice and body condition loss change the eco-efficiency of sheep flocks 冬季作物选择和体况损失影响着羊群的生态效益

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2021.83.3503

Anna M. Taylor, D. Stevens, S. McCoard

{"title":"Winter crop choice and body condition loss change the eco-efficiency of sheep flocks","authors":"Anna M. Taylor, D. Stevens, S. McCoard","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2021.83.3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2021.83.3503","url":null,"abstract":"Lamb survival (ewe reproductive performance) and lamb growth are key levers to changing eco-efficiency, particularly in hill country systems. New research has highlighted reproduction losses when feeding some winter crop options such as fodder beet. Current research findings are used to understand the impact of changes in reproductive performance of sheep flocks caused by body condition change and winter forage crop choices on whole farm eco-efficiency. Eight farms were anonymously selected from an existing database, four with ‘low rainfall’ and four with ‘high rainfall’, averaging 590 and 1090 mm/annum respectively to represent the cool temperate climates of southern New Zealand. Ewe and lamb survival, and lamb liveweight gain to weaning were altered to reflect the impacts of either losing or retaining body condition in late gestation, either on a fodder beet or brassica diet in mid-late gestation. Ewes retaining body condition with fodder beet scenarios were fed a supplement added to ensure adequate protein nutrition using a combination of Lucerne hay, soy meal, and urea. General adjustments made to maintain pasture use similar to the original farms included adjusting lamb sales date, supplement making, stocking rate and autumn nitrogen use. Eco-efficiency was reduced using fodder beet as a winter forage as greenhouse gas emissions were increased per unit of product. The loss of condition score during mid to late pregnancy also led to a reduction in eco-efficiency, though this was more severe when feeding fodder beet. The impacts of fodder beet were mitigated if the diet was balanced for protein. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss from soil was low, and reduced under fodder beet feeding conditions, due to the smaller area of cropping than traditional brassicas.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New-generative agriculture â€“ based on science, informed by research and honed by New Zealand farmers 新的生成性农业“以科学为基础，通过研究和新西兰农民的磨练

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2021-01-21 DOI: 10.33584/JNZG.2020.82.430

J. Rowarth, M. Manning, A. Roberts, W. King

引用次数: 3

Impact of change in body condition score in mid-late pregnancy in ewes fed a mixed diet on lamb survival and performance 母羊妊娠中后期体况评分变化对羔羊成活率和生产性能的影响

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-28 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.442

S. McCoard, S. Hea, C. McKenzie, K. Hammond, Tima Smith

{"title":"Impact of change in body condition score in mid-late pregnancy in ewes fed a mixed diet on lamb survival and performance","authors":"S. McCoard, S. Hea, C. McKenzie, K. Hammond, Tima Smith","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.442","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that body condition score of pregnant ewes fed on turnip and swede crops during mid-late gestation had on offspring survival and performance. Data were collected from 755 multiparous mixed-age ewes carrying 1–4 fetuses. Ewes grazed a turnip crop for 1 month prior to pregnancy scanning with supplementary ryegrass/clover baleage (~75 days gestation) followed by a swede crop with supplementary Lucerne baleage for 1 month following pregnancy scanning (to ~120 days gestation). Ewe body condition score (BCS) at mating, pregnancy scanning and pre-lambing, along with lamb survival and growth rates to weaning were recorded. Lamb survival from pregnancy scanning to tailing differed by litter size (P<0.001) with lower survival in litters with 3 or more lambs compared to singles and twins which did not differ. Improving BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation had a positive effect on lamb survival irrespective of litter size and ewe age (P<0.001). Lamb survival in ewes ≥5 years of age, irrespective of litter size, was lower (P<0.001) compared to 2 or 3–4-year-old ewes, which in turn did not differ from each other. The key finding of the study was that loss in BCS from pregnancy scanning to 120 days gestation, negatively impacted on lamb survival, especially in ewes carrying 3 or more fetuses and in ewes >5 years of age irrespective of the number of fetuses carried. Furthermore, there was high variation in BCS change observed in both early and mid-pregnancy. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mitigation of saturation in satellite pasture measurement via incorporation of a statistical pasture growth model 通过结合牧场生长统计模型缓解卫星牧场测量中的饱和

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.435

G. Anderson, M. Rawlings, G. Ogle

{"title":"Mitigation of saturation in satellite pasture measurement via incorporation of a statistical pasture growth model","authors":"G. Anderson, M. Rawlings, G. Ogle","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.435","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of pasture biomass is useful to farmers, as it enables timely and accurate management decisions. Satellite pasture measurement allows this information to be obtained with minimal time and labour on the part of the farmer. However, the accuracy of satellite measurements for high levels of pasture biomass can be impacted by a phenomenon called saturation, in which the response of the satellite estimate to increased biomass is diminished in situations of high biomass. In this investigation, a statistical pasture growth model was combined with satellite pasture measurements, with the aim of mitigating the effect of saturation on estimation accuracy. Data were captured for five farms, across two regions and an 18–21 month measurement period. Where satellite measurements appeared to be saturated, the growth model estimate was substituted. This process resulted in improved accuracy (R2 improved from 0.672 to 0.703; RMSE improved from 334 to 309 kg DM/ha; and average bias improved from -62 to -9 kg DM/ha). The statistical improvements were more pronounced where terrestrial estimates were higher so the impact of saturation would be greatest. These results indicate that the problem of saturation in satellite pasture measurement can be addressed by the incorporation of modelled data. \u0000Prior research has predicted that improved accuracy of pasture measurement would be associated with increased profitability, and this work helps achieve that goal for farmers using satellite measurement services.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45261505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Potential profit gains from improving pasture productivity on New Zealand South Island high-country farms 提高新西兰南岛高原农场牧场生产力的潜在利润

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.450

C. Morrison, V. Westbrooke, J. Moir

{"title":"Potential profit gains from improving pasture productivity on New Zealand South Island high-country farms","authors":"C. Morrison, V. Westbrooke, J. Moir","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.450","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity combined with low levels of key nutrients on New Zealand hill-country farms are limiting factors for legume establishment/growth. However, legumes are a critical component of these farms as they provide nitrogen and high-quality feed. A farm-systems model was developed to estimate the impact of targeted fertiliser and lime application, combined with sowing clover, on whole-farm productivity and profitability. A base model was developed that incorporated 17 years’ worth of Beef + Lamb NZ survey data for Class 1: South Island Farms. This base model was then used investigate two lime-application/oversowing models where part of the modelled high-country farm was targeted for improvement: (1) Conservative, i.e. 0.6% farm area; and (2) Aggressive, i.e. 2.8% farm area. Three scenarios to utilise the additional pasture grown were then investigated for each model by: (a) increasing ewe numbers; (b) increasing ewe performance (lambing percentage); and (c) increasing liveweight gain of stock. Scenario 2a, generated the highest profitability level (Earnings before Interest Tax and Rent, EBITR $58,870) above the base model but became less financially attractive when the two years required to build the maternal ewe flock were factored in. Scenarios 2c and 1b generated increases in profitability (EBITR) between $33,310 and $41,290 above the base model. Variation in product prices, production levels and time to develop the final farm-management system would also influence the productivity and profitability of the scenarios. Environmental aspects, infrastructure and staff availability would affect the suitability of the development for individual farming businesses. ","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the value proposition for white clover persistence on a New Zealand summer-dry hill-country farm 量化新西兰夏季干燥丘陵乡村农场白三叶草持久性的价值主张

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.2973

M. Dodd, K. Tozer, I. Vogeler, R. Greenfield, D. Stevens, T. Rhodes, S. Quilter

{"title":"Quantifying the value proposition for white clover persistence on a New Zealand summer-dry hill-country farm","authors":"M. Dodd, K. Tozer, I. Vogeler, R. Greenfield, D. Stevens, T. Rhodes, S. Quilter","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.2973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.2973","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement in forage quality and quantity of summer-dry hill country pasture resulting from the introduction of clover is well recognised. However, ensuring the persistence of the commonly availablecultivars is challenging, in the face of seasonal moisture stress, intensive grazing, competition from established well-adapted pasture species, low soil fertility and low soil pH – conditions typical of the East Coast of the North Island. Here we quantify the value proposition associated with the introduction of white clover into a case study on a Gisborne sheep and beef farm, using a six-step process. A topographically explicit approach is taken, using an understanding of the underlying spatial variability, based on a combination of soil and pasture measurements, APSIM simulation modelling of pasture growth and farm system modelling of enterprise performance. We show that from a baseline of a typical low-fertility, diverse species hill country pasture, white clover introduction can increase spring and summer forage consumption by 17%, enabling inclusion of an additional 6-month bull finishing enterprise generating a 32% greater carcass weight production and leading to a 49% improvement in farm system EBIT. This represents a positive net present value of over $360,000 for the original investment in white clover establishment into existing pastures.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48588125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Can Lotus pedunculatus over-sowing in low-fertility tussock country increase farm resilience? 在低肥力的柞蚕国家，莲蓬过度播种能提高农场的恢复力吗？

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.3429

D. Stevens, J. Garden, N. Garden, M. Casey

{"title":"Can Lotus pedunculatus over-sowing in low-fertility tussock country increase farm resilience?","authors":"D. Stevens, J. Garden, N. Garden, M. Casey","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.3429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.3429","url":null,"abstract":"The range of legumes to boost farm productivity in low-fertility hill country are limited. Lotus pedunculatus (Lotus) provides an option when soil pH is below 5 but is intolerant to severe and regular grazing. However, itcan be used at sites that are only grazed occasionally during spring summer and autumn. Oversowing of Lotus pedunculatus has been used to improve 17% of the total area of Avenel Station, Millers Flat. Measurements of pasture growth and animal production were collected over three years post-sowing, indicating a doubling of pasture production from the native form while providing liveweight gains of 0.135 and 0.75 kg/d in lambs and yearling cattle respectively. Systems modelling was used to re-examine the current farm-system configuration to test the possible outcomes from implementing further enterprises that may capture the increased late spring and summer production effectively. Reducing ewe numbers and concentrating on improving lamb survival were the most cost-effective and environmentally effective options. Buying in further finishing lambs to use the summer surplus also improved profitability. Increasing cow numbers was similarly profitable. Increasing ewe numbers also required an increase in winter feed supply and was the least profitable way to capture the benefits. Testing using climatic extreme scenarios demonstrated that the oversowing of Lotus on the higher, wetter tussock country increased the resilience of the farm by providing a buffer during dry summers.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Commercial practice of out-wintering dairy heifers in Great Britain 英国越冬小母牛的商业实践

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-18 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.429

N. E. Atkins, K. Walley, L. Sinclair

{"title":"Commercial practice of out-wintering dairy heifers in Great Britain","authors":"N. E. Atkins, K. Walley, L. Sinclair","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.429","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of dairy cattle in Great Britain (GB) are housed during winter but replacement heifers are out-wintered on some farms, a practice that may reduce the need for high capital-cost housing and facilitate herd expansion. Dairy farmers that were out-wintering replacement heifers in GB in 2012 were surveyed to determine current practice and attitudes. A typical system involved heifers strip grazing pasture or a crop, with baled grass silage as supplementary feed; strongly resembling outdoor wintering systems in New Zealand. Many used more than one grazed forage; predominantly, pasture on 68%, kale on 53% and fodder beet on 33% of farms. Supplementary feed was 44% of the diet in younger, and 35% in older heifers. Although farms were approximately three times larger than the national average and 60% were expanding, expanding herd size was not the primary reason for out-wintering, with the main reasons being to reduce cost and improve animal health and welfare. Farmers that out-wintered heifers typically reported good animal average dairy gain of 0.6 kg/d and high body condition, however, this contrasts with some measured performance in GB. Farmers may benefit from accurate feed allocation and monitoring heifer live weight during winter to ensure high performance. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Persistence of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot following sequential annual sowings: pasture yield, composition and density in three establishment years under cattle grazing in Waikato 连续年度播种后多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和羊蹄草的持久性:怀卡托放牧牛下三个建立年的牧草产量、组成和密度

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.451

G. Cosgrove, M. Trolove, M. Staincliffe, K. Tozer

{"title":"Persistence of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot following sequential annual sowings: pasture yield, composition and density in three establishment years under cattle grazing in Waikato","authors":"G. Cosgrove, M. Trolove, M. Staincliffe, K. Tozer","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.451","url":null,"abstract":"Persistence is an important component of perennial pasture-grass productivity. Defining the traits that affect persistence is essential for improving pasture longevity through plant breeding and for identifying criteria that should be included in cultivar ranking indices. Compared with a conventional longitudinal study (a single study monitored over time), repeated annual sowings allow the effects on persistence of sowing year and the ensuing interactions between environment and age of pasture to be identified. An experiment commenced in 2016 in Waikato, in which eight cultivars of perennial ryegrass representing different ploidy, flowering date, and cultivar age, and one each of tall fescue and cocksfoot were sown each autumn in a randomised complete block design with four replicates in autumn 2016, spring 2017 and autumn 2018. This paper reports interim data on pasture yield, composition and density in the autumn following each sowing, and for the 2018 sowing only, in the 6 months after sowing. For the three successive autumn measurements there were significant effects due to cultivar, year of sowing and their interactions for all pasture variables. These differences in establishment may have consequences for the future resilience of these pastures under natural biotic and abiotic stressors.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47002583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of deferred grazing during late spring and summer on pasture productivity in Waikato and Bay of Plenty hill country 怀卡托和丰盛湾丘陵区春末夏末延迟放牧对牧场生产力的影响

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.448

K. Tozer, K. Müller, T. Craven, I. Tarbotton, A. Coster, R. Burke, J. Sherlock, C. Cameron

{"title":"Effect of deferred grazing during late spring and summer on pasture productivity in Waikato and Bay of Plenty hill country","authors":"K. Tozer, K. Müller, T. Craven, I. Tarbotton, A. Coster, R. Burke, J. Sherlock, C. Cameron","doi":"10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.448","url":null,"abstract":"Deferred grazing is a commonly used tool to manage feed surpluses. The effect of deferred grazing on pasture nutritive value and productivity was quantified in a split-paddock trial on three hill country farms in Waikato and Bay of Plenty from October 2018 until May 2020. Livestock were excluded from the deferred pasture between mid-October 2018 and March 2019. Thereafter, both treatments were rotationally grazed in common with cattle or sheep depending on the farm. Total annual dry matter production was 15% greater in the deferred than grazed treatment for the 12 months after deferring (8.9 vs 7.7 t DM/ha, P<0.05). Metabolisable energy (ME) values at the end of the deferred period were lower in the deferred than grazed treatment (P<0.01) but similar in both treatments thereafter. The content of legumes other than white clover (Trifolium repens) was higher in deferred than grazed pastures in spring 2019 on one of the farms (treatment × farm interaction P<0.05). Ground cover of perennial ryegrass was greater and the area of bare ground smaller, in the deferred than grazed treatment on three of five occasions from after the beginning of the deferred period until up to 8 months after deferring (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in decomposition and stabilisation of organic matter (P>0.05). The topsoil water content was higher in the deferred than grazed treatment for 12 months after deferring. In comparison to regular grazing between October and March, deferred pastures provided drought feed in autumn 2019. Pasture productivity was increased after the deferred period without negative impacts on ME.","PeriodicalId":36573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Zealand Grasslands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10