{"title":"Solidarity of EU Member States During the Migration Crisis. Humanitarian Aspect – the Case of Greece","authors":"J. Balicki","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the solidarity of EU member states with the so-called “front” country, Greece, which found itself during the migration crisis in 2015 and in the following years on the most burdened East-Mediterranean route, i.e. the route by sea from Turkey to Greece and onwards to various European Union countries. Refugees from Syria but also from Iraq and Afghanistan continue to arrive along this route. The destinations for boats carrying immigrants and refugees via Turkey to Greece are the islands in the Aegean Sea including the island of Lesbos whereon the infamous Moria camp still plays a special role. The island which hosts Moria is the subject of European solidarity research with Greece. The structure of this article consists of three parts. The first discusses the principle of solidarity which, like any community, lies at the heart of the European Union. Part Two deals with the migration crisis and its challenges regarding the solidarity of EU Member States from Greece. The third part focuses on the humanitarian consequences of the lack of solidarity between EU member states and Greece. The source material is scientific publications on the EU, information from EU portals and press agencies and their recordings of developments in Greece related to the infl ux of immigrants along the Eastern Mediterranean route along with the author’s own observations of the Moria camp during a visit at the end of November 2019. This article also partly refers to the new humanitarian challenges arising in the context of the situation of immigrants on their way to Europe during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125019012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese Strategy Towards Europe: The Belt and Road Initiative and 17 + 1 Strategy – What Does It Mean for the EU and Central and Eastern Europe?","authors":"Erhan Akdemir","doi":"10.33067/se.2.2020/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.2.2020/7","url":null,"abstract":"Several projects like the Silk Road have been developed by different countries in the post-1991 period, but there is only one that had a tremendous global impact: the “One Belt One Road” (Belt and Road) Initiative developed by China. This project was fi rst announced by the Chinese President Xi Jinping during his visit to Central Asia in 2013, and has subsequently had a tremendous global, regional and national effect. The Belt and Road Initiative not only covers almost the entire Asian continent, but also a large geographical area that extends from East Africa to Europe. Through this project China aims to promote common development and welfare sharing among all countries along the Belt and Road routes, to establish mutual political trust between China and these countries, to more effectively connect transportation networks among regions and cities along the routes, and to establish cultural contact between societies. Accordingly, China wants to put its development process on a planned and solid basis by increasing its global impact in the economic, political, and cultural fields.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125156607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Validity of Human Rights in Europe in the Wake of the Crisis of Refugees from the Middle East","authors":"Jorge R. Ibarra Martínez, Paul J. Cota Navarro","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117229477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Integration and European Union. Reflections on the Borderline of Political Philosophy","authors":"Zbigniew Czachór","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127807739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Parties of the Visegrad Group Countries Towards the EU: Directions of Thinking and Acting in the Face of the Crisis","authors":"Bogdan J. Góralczyk","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2019.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2019.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128160166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socio-Economic Parameters of Aid Activities of the EU Emerging Donors","authors":"Mateusz Smolaga","doi":"10.33067/SE.2.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.2.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the development assistance provided by eight European Union countries, which are not part of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). These are: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Romania. A comparison is made between the performance data relating to these countries and that of the following 3 groups: a) the Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia (countries that have joined the DAC in recent years), b) so-called old EU members (EU15) and the so-called new members (EU13), c) the aggregate assistance offered by the EU countries and institutions represented on the Committee. By an analysis of OECD and World Bank statistics, we can see that ODA expenditure in absolute fi gures is primarily determined by a country’s GNI, and not by its relative wealth (GDP per capita) or quality of life (HDI score). This also applies to bilateral aid. However, the level of GDP per capita, and the HDI scores do have some effect on the percentage of GNI devoted to development aid.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129589963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the EU in Peace Building in Kosovo in the Light of Interethnic Relations","authors":"Anna Jagiełło-Szostak","doi":"10.33067/SE.2.2019.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.2.2019.3","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining peace in the Western Balkans and Kosovo has become a high aim for international organisations. Challenges in Kosovo such as the confl ict in the 1990’s and afterwards, as well as the lack of political unity and institutions capable of both civilian and military intervention have led to long-term involvement of the EU. It should be noted that the engagement of the EU was also caused by ethnic nationalism, socio– economic problems and interethnic tensions, mainly between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo, as well as unresolved issues in bilateral relations. This paper analyses the role of the EU in maintaining peace through its civilian mission and enlargement policy. The ongoing EULEX civilian mission was aimed at establishing a multi-ethnic justice system and police force, as well as introducing and promoting the rule of law, public order and security. The enlargement policy is seen as an important process of interethnic and inter-state reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114165336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Germany as an European and Global Center for Research and Development of Artifi cial Intelligence","authors":"M. Dahl","doi":"10.33067/SE.2.2019.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.2.2019.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131756538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Europeanization of Holocaust and World War II Memory in Poland – General Remarks","authors":"E. Wassermann","doi":"10.33067/SE.2.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.2.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a summary of the refl ections and research of the author (and the wider research team) on the Europeanization of heritage and memory in Holocaust and World War II museums, exhibitions and educational projects in Poland and gives a theoretical overview on the issue. In how far does the Polish way of commemoration refl ect the postulates of academic research in this fi eld? Currently in Europe, the trend in historical museums shifts from the sheer presentation of the past towards a more open format, including references to human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination. Furthermore, European museology develops towards being a platform of democratic discussion and the negotiation of meanings. What can be the potential role of Polish Holocaust and World War II museums? And how are these postulates in practice realized in cultural institutions and museums dealing with one of the greatest disasters in modern history? The research sample included the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, the State Museum at Majdanek, the Home Army Museum in Kraków, the Ulma Family Museum of Poles Saving Jews in World War II in Markowa and a number of other institutions in Poland.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123890494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional Policy of the European Union and the Stimulation of Innovation: The Role of the Operational Programmes in Poland","authors":"Marek Świstak","doi":"10.33067/SE.2.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.2.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of Operational Programmes under the regional policy is a key issue of spending of EU funds in Poland. One of the most important priorities of the mentioned Programmes in the last fi nancial perspectives is innovation, treated as an essential factor of development. In Poland, we can talk about treating innovation as a priority starting from the period 2007–2013. At that time, about 17% of funds under regional policy (about PLN 49.7 billion) were allocated to activities related to innovativeness and competitiveness of the economy, similarly is in the current perspective for 2014–2020. It can be argued that funds under the EU Regional Policy Operational Programmes in Poland contribute to the achievement of innovation goals in a highly diversifi ed manner. There are areas in which the effects should be assessed negatively (eg some dependence of Business environment institutions on EU funds). There are also such effects that are defi nitely positive (eg improvement of public research infrastructure).","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}