Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs最新文献_第2页

Between Russia, Sweden, and Finland: The Åland Question Since 1809 俄国、瑞典和芬兰之间:1809年以来的Åland问题

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.4

Ralph Tuchtenhagen

{"title":"Between Russia, Sweden, and Finland: The Åland Question Since 1809","authors":"Ralph Tuchtenhagen","doi":"10.33067/se.4.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.4.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution addresses the strategical, political, and cultural significance of the Åland Islands between Russia, Sweden, and Finland from 1809 to the present day. During the first half of the 19th century, Russia fulfilled, with the conquest of the Åland Islands, one of its military goals which had been in place since the Petrine period, namely, to push forward the country’s military control as far as to the Western border of Finland in order to secure Russia’s capital St. Petersburg, and to threaten the capital of the kingdom of Sweden, Stockholm, in order to prevent a Swedish act of revenge for the loss of Sweden’s control of the Eastern Baltic during the Great Northern War. At the same time, the islands were, in a political and cultural sense, an important ingredient of the upcoming Swedish and Finnish national movements. After the loss of Finland, the countries had tried to find solace in national culture and past glories. In this respect, the question of why Sweden, during the Finnish Civil War, sent troops to the Åland Islands can be interpreted as part of Sweden’s anti-Russian military agenda as well as being part of its cultural mission to protect the islands against Finnish and Russian attempts to make the island part of Finnish or Russian culture, and to subdue the overwhelmingly-Swedishspeaking population in the context of a Finnish national state. This Swedish-Finnish opposition, though, turned, during the interwar period, into a secret collaboration against Russian military interests in the Eastern Baltic region, whereby the control of the Åland Islands played a central role. Despite minor yet critical situations, the islands have enjoyed relative calm ever since. However, the outbreak of Russia’s Ukrainian War threatens to cast doubt once again on the islands’ status.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133733512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Convincing Finnish Move: Implications for State Identity of Persuading Sweden to Jointly Bid for NATO Membership 令人信服的芬兰之举:说服瑞典联合申请加入北约对国家认同的影响

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.3

S. Lundqvist

{"title":"A Convincing Finnish Move: Implications for State Identity of Persuading Sweden to Jointly Bid for NATO Membership","authors":"S. Lundqvist","doi":"10.33067/se.4.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.4.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the consequences for Sweden’s state identity by the decision of Finland and Sweden to apply for membership in NATO. Taking its starting point in Sweden’s shattering loss of its easternmost provinces in the 1809 Treaty of Fredrikshamn, it explores Sweden’s initial formulations of a policy of neutrality and its evolution until the end of the Cold War. The article then directs attention to how Social Democratic leaders managed to institutionalise a Swedish “active foreign policy”, exerting a lasting, formative infl uence on Sweden’s state identity. It also addresses the rapprochement of Finland and Sweden after the end of the Cold War and the consequences of the bilateral dynamics that characterised their EU-membership applications. The article critically discusses how Sweden reformulated its concept of neutrality into a nebulous concept of nonalignment and adopted a security policy rooted in a cooperative security approach. Based on key findings drawn from this historical account, this article addresses the processes that lead to Finland and Sweden unexpectedly deciding on jointly applying for NATO membership. It concludes with a forward-looking assessment of how a Swedish NATO membership will ultimately stabilise Sweden’s adaptable state identity and its implications for the Nordic countries’ regional military strategy.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115612068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prioritising National Competitiveness over Support for Democracy? Finnish Media Policy in the 21st Century 比起支持民主，国家竞争力更重要?21世纪的芬兰媒体政策

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.6

M. Ala-Fossi, Mikko Grönlund, Heikki Hellman, Katja Lehtisaari, K. Karppinen, H. Nieminen

{"title":"Prioritising National Competitiveness over Support for Democracy? Finnish Media Policy in the 21st Century","authors":"M. Ala-Fossi, Mikko Grönlund, Heikki Hellman, Katja Lehtisaari, K. Karppinen, H. Nieminen","doi":"10.33067/se.4.2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.4.2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top fi ve countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest level of trust in the news media and one of the highest levels of press readership in the EU. Most of the media companies are doing quite well, while Google and Facebook have a much less dominant role in the advertising market than elsewhere in Europe. In this context, you might expect Finland to have a comprehensive and visionary media and communications policy to support democracy. However, our meta-study of Finnish media and communications policy based on two recent reportsto the Ministry of Transport and Communications, other earlier studies, along with official documents as well as statistical data suggests that is not the case. Our analysis shows that most decisions have been pragmatic ad hoc solutions serving economic interests rather than any specific media and communication policy goals. A closer examination also proves that Finland does not fit into the Nordic Media Welfare State model either, despite a long, shared history and cultural ties.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121187774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finland in the Mediterranean 芬兰在地中海

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845220444-155

T. Melasuo

{"title":"Finland in the Mediterranean","authors":"T. Melasuo","doi":"10.5771/9783845220444-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845220444-155","url":null,"abstract":"This article aimes to shed light on the rich, but rather enigmatic relationship between Finland and the Mediterranean world. These interactions have been approached since Antiquity, but this paper’s focus has been on 19th and 20th centuries and especially on the last three decades. About thirty years ago, when Finland was preparing itself to join the European Union, it also had to build up a real Mediterranean policy of its own. It was in the Corfu European Council in June 1994 when the then-president realised that the country needed such a policy. Thus, in 1995, when Finland joined the EU, it also participated in the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference and signed the Barcelona Declaration that established the Barcelona Process forming the structures for European Union cooperation with the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. The participation into this structural process was felt important for Finland mainly for two reasons. Firstly, the country wanted to be a full and active member of the EU and thus contribute to every fi eld of activity that are important for the union. Secondly, we Finns realised that if we wanted the southern European countries to understand and to cooperate with our own ambitions in the northern part of Europe, we needed to show solidarity towards the aims and needs of our southern partners in the Mediterranean. All this resulted in Finland being surprisingly active in all Euro-Mediterranean cooperation environments. This concerned not only offi cial state activities, but also other public sectors as well as civil society actors and NGOs. These EuroMediterranean activities became so many and so multiform that we can deal only with a few of them here as examples.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"499 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127029361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Case of Finnish Innovative Society: Shaping Legal Higher Education in Line with the Ideals of Social Solidarity 芬兰创新社会案例:塑造符合社会团结理想的法律高等教育

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.8

Natalia Kohtamäki

引用次数: 0

State Aid Trends in Poland and Finland – Similarities and Differences 波兰和芬兰的国家援助趋势——异同

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.9

Adam A. Ambroziak

{"title":"State Aid Trends in Poland and Finland – Similarities and Differences","authors":"Adam A. Ambroziak","doi":"10.33067/se.4.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.4.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"State aid is one of the financial instruments available to EU member states for intervention in domestic markets. On the one hand its use is prohibited by Article 107(1) TFEU, but on the other hand there are many exemptions,including regional and horizontal state aid. Given the centralised system for State aid in the EU, one could expect that the volume and structure in terms of forms and purposes of public aid granted should be similar from one member state to the next. Considering the diversity among what are now 27 member states, both from the perspective of experience in managing the economy and the directions of its development, the objective of this article is to capture and evaluate the similarities and differences in the approach taken to State aid as an instrument of intervention in two relatively different countries – Poland and Finland. To this end the comparative analysis will not only cover Poland and Finland themselves but also their respective groups of countries – the Visegrád Group and Scandinavian members of the EU. The above analysis permits the conclusion that the structure of public aid relative to the main purposes of granting differs significantly between Poland and Finland, in favour of Finland, from the perspective of the achievement of the EU objectives associated with the successive economic strategies.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130190614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explaining Finnish Economic and Social Success – And Happiness 解释芬兰人在经济和社会上的成功和幸福

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.33067/se.4.2022.7

J. Andersson

引用次数: 0

Türkiye’s Migration Experience and Policy Orientations: Integrating Syrians in Higher Education 土耳其的移民经验与政策取向:让叙利亚人融入高等教育

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.33067/se.3.2022.8

T. Küçükcan

{"title":"Türkiye’s Migration Experience and Policy Orientations: Integrating Syrians in Higher Education","authors":"T. Küçükcan","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye has had multidimensional migration experience not only in its past, but also in its present that has led to the formation of a dynamic migration policy to govern such a dynamic process. Türkiye’s migration policy has been informed and shaped by its geopolitical location as a migrant receiving, labour migrant sending, and migrant transit country. Today, Türkiye hosts the largest number of migrants and refugees in the world with a far-reaching social, political, and economic impact on the country. This article aims to shed light on the multidimensional migration experience of Türkiye and analyse its migration policies to govern manifold challenges brought about by the presence of almost 6 million foreigners in the country. It is argued in this article that the integration of migrants in general and of Syrians in particular remains a major challenge for Türkiye. Therefore, this article recommends that Turkish decision makers should make short and long-term plans for the integration of Syrians as the current conditions indicate that it is unlikely that Syrians will return in any significant numbers any time soon even though the Turkish government has initiated a number of projects in parts of Northern Syria for the safe and voluntary return of its countrymen and women. One important area of integration in this context is higher education, which would enable Syrians to have access to employment and social mobility that would benefi t both themselves and Türkiye.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2018’s ‘Political System Change’ and Its Impact on Party Politics in Türkiye 2018年的“政治制度变革”及其对乌克兰政党政治的影响

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.33067/se.3.2022.2

Zeyneb Çağlıyan İçener

{"title":"2018’s ‘Political System Change’ and Its Impact on Party Politics in Türkiye","authors":"Zeyneb Çağlıyan İçener","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Türkiye was founded on Ottoman parliamentary tradition introduced in 1878. However, debates on system change have always been on the agenda. The Turkish political elite has occasionally presented proposals on the need to shift from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The times of political crises set a suitable ground for such favourable arguments. This article focuses primarily on the realisation of the system change witnessed under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s leadership. In the first part, it argues that the three-phase strategy of the AK Party has made its political dreams come true. An issue is first popularised, then narrativised, and finally securitised. Consequently, the new presidential government system was adopted with the April 16th, 2017 referendum. The article analyses how the system change has modifi ed the formation of such alliances among the political parties beyond customary ways. It questions to what extent this novel dimension of party politics would be sustainable.\u0000The second part thus elaborates on the formation of alliances and the efforts to make them functional on the way to consensual politics. Lijphart’s classification of emocracies as majoritarian governments versus consensus governments has provided a theoretical base for a discussion on the return to a strengthened parliamentary system. The article sheds light on the new dynamics of government/opposition relations and their infl uence\u0000on Turkish democracy.","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129036045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surviving a Coma? Türkiye-EU Relations in Times of Crises (2005–2022) 从昏迷中幸存下来?危机时期的俄罗斯-欧盟关系(2005-2022)

Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.33067/se.3.2022.4

Erhan İçener

{"title":"Surviving a Coma? Türkiye-EU Relations in Times of Crises (2005–2022)","authors":"Erhan İçener","doi":"10.33067/se.3.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye’s EU membership negotiation process has been comatose since its early years. Now, in 2022, the seventeenth year of negotiations, the final destination of Türkiye’s EU journey is still far from certain. And recent debates on Türkiye–EU relations focus on whether Türkiye should be an EU member rather than why or when. There has been increasing criticism directed at each other and waning interest in Türkiye’s EU integration while the EU and Türkiye have faced major crises in the last two decades. This article aims to analyse key factors and issues influencing Türkiye’s EU accession process on the road to the current stalemate since the beginning of accession negotiations in 2005: (a) the Europeanisation of the Cyprus issue (the role of EU Member States and conditionality), (b) deEuropeanisation in Türkiye (the role of conditionality), (c) the return of geopolitics (the role of security considerations and contextual changes), and (d) the July 15th failed coup attempt (the role of conditionality and contextual changes). It finally explores the EU’s commitment to enlargement and debates on its alternatives (the role of Member States, and EU institutions and narratives).","PeriodicalId":365693,"journal":{"name":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115527133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0