Ephemeris Napocensis最新文献

{"title":"Remembering the Ancestors. A Grave-Marker from the “Schythian” Cemetery at Sâncrai (Alba County)","authors":"A. Rustoiu, Andreea Drăgan","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.171","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility, migration, and conquest of endless horizons ... they have all been, since the beginning, essential traits of human existence. That is why the way different identity constructs were transformed or emerged as a consequence of local, regional or long-distance human mobility and migration has been an important research topic for social sciences. The purpose of this article is to see how the memory of the ancestors was reinterpreted and used in the process of reshaping collective identities triggered by the “Celtic” colonisation of Transylvania in the 4th century BC, and to determine the role it played in the interaction with the indigenous “Scythian” populations. Within this framework, the paper also includes a case study about the concrete ways of communicating the memory of the ancestors from one generation to another. In Transylvania, the “Scythian” horizon is represented by cemeteries with flat inhumation burials, and rarely cremations, which were recently dated to the 8th–5th / 4th centuries BC. The evolution of these communities was interrupted after the middle of the 4th century BC by the arrival of “Celtic” groups coming from the west. Their arrival determined a social reconfiguration of many local communities, as well as the appearance of new communities which displayed various degrees of cultural hybridisation. In several cases from the same region, the newcomers reused the funerary grounds which previously belonged to the local communities. Earlier burial grounds more likely became places of memory integrated into the local collective identity as symbolic references to a mythical past, providing a physical connection with the ancestors. Their later reuse reflects the cohabitation of the newcomers with the locals, as well as the will of the former to incorporate identity markers which were relevant in the local environment into the identity constructs of the newly established communities as a means of legitimisation. Grave no. 9/2020 from Sâncrai is one example of the manner in which the memory of the ancestors was passed down over time across generations.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123320549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentaria archaeologica et historica (V). 1. About the Legionary Fort at Sarmizegetusa in AD 102–205 (Cassius Dio 68.9.7). 2. The Destiny of the “Dacian Gold”. About a Koson Type Coin Reused in the 16th Century in a Christian (Renaissance) Context","authors":"A. Rustoiu","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.235","url":null,"abstract":"\"1. About the legionary fort at Sarmizegetusa in AD 102–105 (Cassius Dio 68.9.7). Cassius Dio (68.9.7) writes that after the end of the first Dacian war of Trajan, in 102 AD, the emperor left a legion in Dacia at Sarmizegetusa and auxiliary troops in other locations. Over time, the fragmentary accounts of Cassius Dio have been interpreted in two main ways. On one hand, the presence of a legionary fort was presumed in Hațeg Country, on the territory of future Colonia Ulpia Traiana Dacica Sarmizegetusa. On the other hand, this fort (stratopedon) was presumed to have functioned in the Orăștie Mountains, in or next to the Dacian fortress at Grădiștea de Munte, the residence of King Decebalus. The debate has recently been reopened by F. Matei-Popescu and O. Țentea. They place this Roman fort in the Orăștie Mountains, in the close vicinity of the former residence of King Decebalus. Their arguments are based mostly on the recently acquired LiDAR images of the area in question. On these images appears an almost rectangular earthen structure which preceded the stone enclosure and was also ascribed to a Roman fort built after the conquest of Dacia. F. Matei-Popescu and O. Țentea consider that, if the stone enclosure belongs to the period after the second Dacian war of Trajan, the enclosure having an earthen wall must be older, belonging to the period between the two Dacian wars, that is, between AD 102 and 105, this being the fort mentioned in the fragmentary accounts of Cassius Dio. Analysing the available information, the author concluding that the earthen fort from Grădiștea de Munte was more likely built in the context of the second Dacian war, in 105/106 AD. The stratopedon mentioned by Cassius Dio was more likely located on the future place of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Dacica Sarmizegetusa. Finally, the name of the royal residence of Decebalus, it is less likely to be Sarmizegetusa. This was more likely the indigenous toponym of the place where Colonia Ulpia Traiana Dacica was later established. The possible identification with Ranisstorum, the place where Tiberius Claudius Maximus brought the severed head and right hand of King Decebalus to Trajan to be shown to the army, can be perhaps taken into the consideration as a working hypothesis. 2. The destiny of the “Dacian gold”. About a Koson-type coin reused in the 16th century in a Christian (Renaissance) context. The “Dacian gold” fired the imagination of many people each time a hoard emerged in the mountains hosting the ruins of the royal residence of King Decebalus. One of the largest hoards was discovered in 1543 (containing coins of Lysimachus and perhaps Koson-types). Before this great hoard, a document from 1494 mentions the discovery in 1491 of a hoard consisting of “small and big” gold coins by some gold panners in the vicinity of Sebeș. There was already a number of Koson-type coins “in circulation” among the Renaissance collectors of antiquities at the end of the 15th century or the beginning ","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127882581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Bricks Tell Us the Year? Hobnail Prints on Tegular Material from the Mithraeum III at Apulum as Evidence of Footwear Fashion","authors":"Andreea Drăgan","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.345","url":null,"abstract":"Among the carefully collected finds during the excavations that took place at the Mithraeum III (2008, 2013–1026) in Apulum, Roman Dacia, were two bricks with hobnail prints of nailed footwear. One of the finds, in particular, showed the complete form of the sole, decorated with an elaborate hobnail pattern. A closer look at the published finds revealed that similar or even identical designs decorated shoes that have been discovered at a considerable distance on different sites in the North-Western provinces of the empire. Large sets of leather shoes found in humid environments of these provinces have shown that shoe soles were, equally to footwear upper parts, a fashionable object, having a chronological and social value in archaeology. In the context of limited interest given to hobnail prints in the publications about Roman Dacia, this paper argues for the revalorization of the subject in the archaeological literature.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Archaeobotanical Data from Villa Rustica at Oarda-Bulza (Alba County). The 2021 Campaign","authors":"Beatrice Ciută, M. Egri","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.253","url":null,"abstract":"New archaeobotanical data from villa rustica at Oarda-Bulza, located in south-western Transylvania, indicate that free-threshing wheat, Triticum aestivum (also known as bread wheat), was apparently the focus of farming activities, in contrast to pre-Roman times, when a more diverse agricultural crops system included greater amounts of emmer, barley and pulses. In addition to bread wheat remains, another important discovery is a cluster of charred seeds of Cannabis sativa (hemp) from the main building of the estate. These discoveries provide new information regarding the species cultivated and consumed by the community that lived in the area.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131274412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keys and Locking Mechanisms Discovered in Graves from the Alburnus Maior and Apulum Cemeteries","authors":"Bogdan Lăpușan","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.291","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of graves could reveal information regarding the identity of the deceased individuals, the funerary rites that may have taken place, and the beliefs of the mourners. In this study were analysed seven graves: five graves (M53, M137, M222, M264 and M268) from the Alburnus Maior cemeteries, and two graves (G93 and M399) from the “Stația de salvare” and “Profi” zones of the cemetery situated in the northern part of the Municipium Septimium Apulense. Six graves include in their inventory one key and the last grave includes one bolt in the inventory. The keys have been used to secure possessions and public or private spaces by operating a locking mechanism, depending on the shape and pattern of the bit. In funerary contexts, the functionality of the keys may have symbolic meanings that can be related to certain deities which have these objects as attributes, or the keys and locking mechanisms may guard symbolically the possessions of the deceased person in the afterlife.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130698080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting Public and Urban Archaeology: Enhancement of Urban Archaeological Heritage Through Local Archeo Plans","authors":"Katharina Zanier, R. Ratej","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.135","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents some definitions and tools developed as part of the ArcheoDanube project. The contribution, as well as the project, connects the fields of urban archaeology, public archaeology, management of archaeological sites and archaeological tourism. In doing so, of course, we come across basic concepts, some of which are still lacking clear definitions. This applies especially to the term »archaeological park«, which has several uses. After reviewing various definitions in recent international doctrinal documents, we propose one based on the excellent definition in the Croatian legislation. Following is a brief discussion of the specifics of archaeological tourism. Archaeological parks namely represent an important component in its development. Afterwards, we discuss the main topic of the paper: the Local Archeo Plan, which is one of the main products of the ArcheoDanube project. The Local Archeo Plan represents a new, broader form of management plan, specially designed for the specific situation of archaeological remains. Unlike conventional management plans for monuments or monumental areas, a Local Archeo Plan can be prepared for wider areas, e.g., a city, and offers us the possibility of dealing with the archaeological remains of different areas, with various solutions for presentation and interpretation, in the frame of a common outline. We then compare the Local Archeo Plan to similar plans in force in Slovenia and elsewhere and assess its relevance and usefulness in the development of archaeological destinations.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116460607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Iron Age Brooches Presumbly Discovered in the Dacian Fortress from Tilișca (Sibiu County)","authors":"Nica Ciubotaru","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.193","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present some Late Iron Age brooches that were discovered by the means of illegal metal detecting somewhere in Southern/South-Western Transylvania. According to available data, the brooches, along with other artefacts, may have been looted from the Dacian fortress on the Cățănaș hill from Tilișca, Sibiu county. Given that the brooches have been decontextualised, an interpretation of this assemblage could not be proposed. Still, the typological analysis of the brooches allowed me to extract new information and to formulate some observations regarding the brooches and dress style of pre-Roman Dacia from the second half of the 2nd c. BC until the beginning of the 2nd c. AD. Since the chronology and nature of the assemblage of the looted brooches correspond to that of the fibulae discovered during the archaeological research of the Dacian site from Tilișca, I have analysed the latter as well. However, because a direct connection with the Dacian fortress from Tilișca cannot be asserted, the brooches from the assemblage could not be interpreted together with the ones found with certainty on the site.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131954510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Figurative Lamps Depicting Silenus Discovered in Roman Dacia","authors":"Sorin Cociș, V. Lăzărescu","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.329","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the few figurative plastic lamps with the representation of the god Silenus discovered in the Roman province of Dacia starting from the analysis of a recently found specimen at Optatiana / Sutor (Sălaj County, Romania). From a morphological perspective, all these artefacts consist of a central clay statuette around which a series of secondary functional elements are revolving, namely one or more clay lamps. The high quality of these plastic lamps (lychnophoroi) makes such artefacts extremely valuable, while their technical and artistic aspect indicates towards their local production. From a chronological point of view, the data related to their archaeological context of discovery (especially for the items discovered at Optatiana and Porolissum), suggests that such figurative plastic lamps are to be dated in Dacia during the 2nd century AD, representing the revival of a late Hellenistic tradition.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seventh-Eigth Centuries Finger-Rings Discovered in Transylvania","authors":"C. Cosma","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.357","url":null,"abstract":"Finger-rings of the 7th–8th century discovered in Transylvania were yielded only by cemeteries, both of inhumation and biritual. The inhumation burial grounds where finger-rings were identified include those of Gâmbaș/Cetățuie or Cimitirul reformat/further Gâmbaș 12, Sâncrai3 and Teiuș4. In biritual cemeteries, finger-rings were found in the burial grounds of Bratei 25 and Sibiu/Gușterița6. The few cemeteries with finger-rings is linked to the small number of burials which contained objects of respective type, and concurrently, with the small number of finger-rings. The Avar cemeteries count a total of five burials with finger-rings among the grave goods, their number amounting to eight exemplars. In the biritual cemeteries mapped in Transylvania, two cremations yielded each a single finger-ring and just one inhumation which contained a single finger-ring. Typologically, finger-ring types are few as well. They come down to two main groups, namely plain finger-rings and finger-rings with ornaments in the upper part of the ring hoop. Plain rings are represented by simple hoops made of iron, bronze or silver threads or thin bars. To the second group belong finger rings of thin sheet, with an ornament in the upper part in the shape of round spheres or round or oval plates. The small number of Avar cemeteries and graves from Transylvania in which finger-rings were found may be the result of various causes. It is very likely that finger-ring wearing was not fashionable in the Avar communities of Transylvania. A second element that may be taken into consideration to interpret the few such artefacts at the level of the archaeological sites from the Transylvanian Plateau is related to the assertion of social standing of those buried with finger-rings as well. The typological identity of the finger-rings from Transylvania (type B), together with the few items and graves where these were discovered may be interpreted as the display of ethnic identity of finger-ring bearers. Lastly, another interpreting acceptable for the finger-rings present in the Avar cemeteries of Transylvania is that of magical object playing an apotropaic role.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case Study of the Graves Discovered in 1958 at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor Cemetery, Individual and Collective Social Identities in Roman Graves","authors":"Marina Musteață, S. Gál","doi":"10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2022.32.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Roman cemetery at Apulum, Dealul Furcilor is one of the well-known and researched Roman sites of this kind from Dacia. Archaeological excavations started in the 19th century and are continuing today. During the Romanian communist regime, the discovered graves and their inventory were published in archaeological reports. Unfortunately, the reports do not include a detailed description of the finds. Additional papers focused on the artefacts and their functionality within the graves were never written. For these reasons, the excavations from this period need reconsideration. Most of the discoveries made in 1958 were stored inside the deposit of The Archaeology and Art History Institute in Cluj-Napoca and were the main subject of my unpublished master’s thesis entitled Identități individuale și colective în necropola romană de la Apulum-Dealul Furcilor. Studiu de caz – descoperirile din anul 1958, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj. This article resumes the study made in the thesis, provides a detailed catalogue of the archaeological finds and an analysis of the osteological remains found in the deposit at Cluj-Napoca.","PeriodicalId":365458,"journal":{"name":"Ephemeris Napocensis","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}