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Political Influence on Homicide Reports under Civil Conflict 国内冲突下政治对凶杀报告的影响
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3839420
O. Barrera
{"title":"Political Influence on Homicide Reports under Civil Conflict","authors":"O. Barrera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3839420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tests the link between political ideology and the reliability of homicide data in countries with local conflicts. It examines this question empirically using a regression discontinuity design approach to close-run elections in the context of the Colombian conflict. It finds that homicide reporting in conflict countries is highly political and the potential for manipulation is considerable. It shows that the number of homicides perpetrated by rebel troops increased substantially following close-run elections in municipalities where mayors adopted the incumbent ideology, whereas no impact is observed on the number of homicides perpetrated by any other group. Empirical evidence suggests that the violence reflects either retaliation by the rebels or the alteration of records by official bodies for political purposes.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132839472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group Monitoring, Endogenous Crackdown and Anti-corruption: An Experiment 群体监督、内生打击与反腐败:一项实验
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3398729
Shuguang Jiang, Qian Wei, Lei Zhao
{"title":"Group Monitoring, Endogenous Crackdown and Anti-corruption: An Experiment","authors":"Shuguang Jiang, Qian Wei, Lei Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3398729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3398729","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the effectiveness of an anti-corruption mechanism that combines the top-down institutions and the bottom-up monitoring from the masses. Based on a repeated stranger matching harassment bribe game, we introduce the interventions of the group monitoring and the endogenous crackdown. With the group monitoring, participants in the role of citizens can pay a fixed cost to monitor, while the corrupt officials’ probability of being punished increases with the number of citizens who choose to pay. With the endogenous crackdown, the probability of punishing corrupt officials increases to 50% automatically in the next period if more than 60% of citizens choose to monitor in the current period. Though citizens face the social dilemma of anti-corruption, a high proportion of citizens paid to monitor, and this significantly decreases the officials’ bribe demanding. The endogenous crackdown mechanism further increases the monitoring of citizens and decreases the bribe demanding of officials.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124349729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual Choice for a Vibrant Public Goods Sector: A Proposal for Research and Action 一个充满活力的公共产品部门的个人选择:一个研究和行动的建议
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3702001
David MAYER-FOULKES, Michael Rodriguez
{"title":"Individual Choice for a Vibrant Public Goods Sector: A Proposal for Research and Action","authors":"David MAYER-FOULKES, Michael Rodriguez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3702001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3702001","url":null,"abstract":"We face a public goods challenge spanning urgent environmental, economic and social problems on a national and global scale. The question arises, what is the best way to produce public goods in a market economy setting? Their under-provision is due not only to a lack of political will, but to the inherent market failures in the public goods sector. Opportunely, information technologies provide new means for coordinating business, government, and individual preferences to raise public goods demand and therefore also supply and innovation in this sector. Essential ingredients for developing these needed coordination tools with the public good in mind are market design and public goods knowledge in general. An Institute or School of Public Goods can bring together the expertise to: construct the capabilities for prioritizing public goods; design instruments for individual choice; generate theoretical knowledge, best practice guidelines and concrete proposals; train public goods professionals; and evaluate ongoing projects; in order to make public goods a vibrant sector of society.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining Colonial Ideology in Anthony Burgess’s Novel Bed in the East 考察安东尼·伯吉斯小说《东方之床》中的殖民意识形态
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3554136
Mohammad Abdullah Al Matarneh
{"title":"Examining Colonial Ideology in Anthony Burgess’s Novel Bed in the East","authors":"Mohammad Abdullah Al Matarneh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3554136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3554136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tackles the impact of colonization on the Malay colonized society pre-independence period. It exposes British colonialism, a totalizing ideology of control, and the negative representation strategy accomplished by the colonial writer Anthony Burgess’s Novel Beds in the East (1959). This novel was published along with two other stories as a single narrative text entitled The Malayan trilogy (1972). This study aims at examining Malay discourses concerning colonial rule and how European writings (Anthony Burgess) on the Malays could be read in a more nuanced approach and from a non-Eurocentric perspective. The examined text reinforced the differences between the rulers and ruled people to perpetuate the colonial ideology of colonialism and pave the way for the presence of colonial authority. This article concludes that the representation of Malaysia(ns) is set in the colonial texts in which colonialism didn’t only play a vital role in post-colonial literature, but it was behind its existence.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132813407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Corruption and Private Investment: The Case of China 政治腐败与私人投资:以中国为例
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3518489
R. Grafstein, Rongbin Han, Weiqi Zhang
{"title":"Political Corruption and Private Investment: The Case of China","authors":"R. Grafstein, Rongbin Han, Weiqi Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3518489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3518489","url":null,"abstract":"The institutionalization of private property rights promotes economic development. Political corruption, it is widely held, retards development. During its reform and opening up period, China did not recognize property rights, became increasingly corrupt, yet broke world growth records. We resolve this paradox by highlighting the way systemic corruption can partly substitute for absent property rights by providing investors with implicit protection against expropriation. We use a principal-agent model to study the mechanism by which systemic corruption's impact on political risk affects individual investment decisions. We empirically assess this mechanism by examining the influence of aggregate corruption on the productivity of investments in China.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130364466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conflicts in Spatial Networks 空间网络中的冲突
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3515762
Ashani Amarasinghe, P. Raschky, Y. Zenou, Junjie Zhou
{"title":"Conflicts in Spatial Networks","authors":"Ashani Amarasinghe, P. Raschky, Y. Zenou, Junjie Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3515762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3515762","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a network model of conflict in which players are involved in different battles. A negative shock in one locality affects the conflict in this locality but may also increase battles in path-connected localities depending on the location of the battle in the network and the strength of each locality involved in each battle. We then empirically test this model by analyzing the effect of local natural disasters on battles in Africa. We construct a novel panel-dataset that combines geo-referenced information about battle events and natural disasters at the monthly level for 5,944 districts in 53 African countries over the period from 1989 to 2015. At this fine temporal and spatial resolution, natural disasters are formidable exogenous shocks that affect the costs and benefits of fighting in a locality. We find that natural disasters decrease battle incidence in the affected locality and that this effect persists over time and space. This mitigating effect appears to be more pronounced in more developed localities. As highlighted by the model, these results can be explained by the fact that natural disasters divert fighting activity to surrounding localities, particularly those that are connected via geographic and road networks.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117342187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Decomposing the Labor Productivity Gap between Upper-Middle-Income and High-Income Countries 分解中高收入国家与高收入国家的劳动生产率差距
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9073
M. Amin, Asif M. Islam, Usman Khalid
{"title":"Decomposing the Labor Productivity Gap between Upper-Middle-Income and High-Income Countries","authors":"M. Amin, Asif M. Islam, Usman Khalid","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9073","url":null,"abstract":"Using firm-level survey data on registered private firms collected by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, this paper compares the level of labor productivity in 22 upper-middle-income countries and 11 high-income countries for which comparable data are available. The results show that labor productivity in the upper-middle-income countries is about 57.5 percent lower than in the high-income countries. The productivity difference is robust and holds for firms of different sizes and industries. The analysis uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to identify the sources of the productivity gap. It finds that the endowment effect and the structural effect contribute roughly equally to the productivity gap. Several firm- and country-level variables determine the productivity gap. The biggest contributors via the endowment effect include tertiary education attainment, law and order, and quality management proxied by international quality certification. Factors that contribute most via the structural effect include market size, secondary education attainment, and law and order. Thus, the results underline the importance of human capital, institutions, and market size for closing the productivity gap between the upper-middle-income and high-income countries.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115740250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Relationship between Economic Growth and Governance in Bangladesh 孟加拉国经济增长与治理的关系
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3591191
S. Begum
{"title":"Relationship between Economic Growth and Governance in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Begum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591191","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, we have seen major positive changes in the economy, including the attainment of GDP growth more than 8% and meeting up initial eligible criteria for graduation from LDC to developed Country. Despite the fact that the economy of Bangladesh is growing in a much faster rate than many other developing countries, the reports on the governance indicators are showing worsening in all the categories including corruption control, rule of law, government effectiveness, etc. Whether there is a relationship between economic development and governance in terms of which comes first is a long-lasting debate and many researches have been taken place in different contexts and from different perspectives. This paper has examined the relationship of economic development and governance of Bangladesh context. In doing so, it has employed multi regression model to assess the relationship using various indices. The analyses show some anomalies and weird findings from which the relationship cannot be explained easily as perceived. Therefore, this study recommends for further research using more sophisticated statistical and economic model that help the formulation and implementation of policy strategies in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local Ties in Spatial Equilibrium 空间平衡中的局部联系
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2019.080
Mike Zabek
{"title":"Local Ties in Spatial Equilibrium","authors":"Mike Zabek","doi":"10.17016/FEDS.2019.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2019.080","url":null,"abstract":"If someone lives in an economically depressed place, they were probably born there. The presence of people with local ties - a preference to live in their birthplace - leads to smaller migration responses. Smaller migration responses to wage declines lead to lower real incomes and make real incomes more sensitive to subsequent demand shocks, a form of hysteresis. Local ties can persist for generations. Place-based policies, like tax subsidies, targeting depressed places cause smaller distortions since few people want to move to depressed places. Place-based policies targeting productive places increase aggregate productivity, since they lead to more migration.","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Core-Periphery Model 中心-外围模型
Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_320-1
Andrzej Klimczuk, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska
{"title":"Core-Periphery Model","authors":"Andrzej Klimczuk, M. Klimczuk-Kochańska","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_320-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_320-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365445,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Underdevelopment & Poverty eJournal","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122900968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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