The British journal of sociology最新文献

{"title":"Secularization and medicalization.","authors":"M. Bull","doi":"10.2307/590872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590872","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Bryan Turner's view that medicine has replaced religion as the 'social guardian of morality.' It argues that Turner's failure to co-ordinate the theories of secularization and medicalization has prevented this hypothesis from being fully explored. A systematic and synthesized account of both medicalization and secularization is given, and used as the framework for a review of the history of Seventh-day Adventism-a sect that is both a product and an agent of the two processes. In conclusion it is suggested that medicalization may be conductive to sect development, and that secularization and medicalization are compatible models of social change.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132432009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violent families and the rhetoric of harmony.","authors":"L. J. Miller","doi":"10.2307/590873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590873","url":null,"abstract":"Observing that the violent realities of family life belie the social rhetoric of harmony, most sociologists recommend 'demythologizing' the family. This paper challenges that view, arguing that social rhetoric must be analysed rather than debunked. The sense-making activities of actors who engage in violent family events are identified as a strategic site for such an analyses. The paper explores the ways in which the rhetoric of family harmony is routinely sustained and reproduced. Two kinds of supports are considered (i) macrosocial supports, which sustain family rhetoric by integrating it into a wider system of collective representations; and (ii) microsocial supports which sustain family rhetoric by embodying it in the accounts of family members.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123637468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halbwachs and Durkheim: a test of two theories of suicide.","authors":"R. Travis","doi":"10.2307/590871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590871","url":null,"abstract":"The social integration hypothesis forms the basis of this study. It was first asserted by Durkheim in late nineteenth-century France and many of his assumptions are based on a social disorganizational model. This model tended to equate social change with the breakdown of social control and many of Durkheim's notions about anomie are derived from this view of industrial society. Halbwachs, on the other hand, proposed a social psychological theory of suicide. His model specifies more clearly the conditions under which lack of social integration may induce suicide. This study shows that among a population in transition, the Alaska Natives, the suicide rate was explained by the Halbwachsian model at least as well as the Durkheimian one and sometimes better. The Durkheimian model is shown to reflect a Cartesian dualism, which accounts only for that which is observable, thus making for biased studies of suicide. Moreover, psychopathological research confirms the Halbwachsian model. These findings restore the social isolation theory, once long neglected, to its rightful place among theories of suicide and opens up an important field for researchers seeking to understand high rates of suicide.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121791772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing, status politics and sociological theory.","authors":"B. Turner","doi":"10.2307/590890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590890","url":null,"abstract":"As a feature of social change and as an aspect of social stratification, ageing and age groups have been seriously neglected by sociological theory. This article attempts to conceptualize age groups in a multi-dimensional model of stratification which considers ageing in relation to economic class, political entitlement, or citizenship, and cultural life-styles. This multi-dimensional model provides an analytical basis for rejecting functionalist theories of ageing, which emphasize the positive functions of social disengagement, activity theories, which show that self-esteem in ageing is an effect of continuing social involvement, and Marxist social gerontology, which argues that retirement is determined by labour-market requirements in capitalism. The article concludes by developing a reciprocity-maturation curve of ageing which explains age stigmatization through exchange theory as an effect of declining social reciprocity. Both young and elderly social groups in a period of economic recession are perceived to be socially dependent, and become the targets of 'the politics of resentment'. The processes of social ageing can be located in the core of sociological theory, because they are connected fundamentally to the conditions of social solidarity.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114868613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The homosexual escort agency: deviance disavowal.","authors":"E. Salamon","doi":"10.2307/590288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590288","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the management of deviance disavowal techniques by a commercial organization. Ball's abortion clinic ethnography (1972:158-86) paved the way for an analysis of the neutralization of disreputable encounters. This study, based on research conducted in London, England during 1981, attempts to explore how stigmatizing sexual liaisons are routinely managed by an escort agency. The article is based on interviews conducted with one homosexual escort agency owner and twenty-eight male escorts and discusses the neutralization of moral approbrium through the organization of names, space and structure.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminist scholarship, relational and instrumental control, and a power-control theory of gender and delinquency.","authors":"J. Hagan, J. Simpson, A. Gillis","doi":"10.2307/590481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590481","url":null,"abstract":"This paper incorporates an emphasis placed on relational processes in contemporary feminist scholarship, and in so doing extends the development of a power-control theory of gender and delinquency. Feminist scholarship emphasizes that relational processes involving shared intimacy, mutual understanding, caring and other kinds of interpersonal atTect are more characteristic of women than men. However, there is debate among feminist scholars, such as Gilligan and MacKinnon, as to the sources of this difference. An elaboration and test of power-control theory suggests that mothers in patriarchal families are assigned roles in controlling daughters, relationally and consequently instrumentally, more than sons, and that this leads daughters to prefer risk taking less than do sons. Therefore daughters in such families engage in less delinquency than do sons. In other words, these data indicate that there is a sexual stratification in the social control of adolescents that is connected to patriarchal family structure, and that this is important to the explanation of gender differences in delinquency. The analysis indicates that these gender differences are social structural in origin rather than biologically inherent. Nearly a decade ago thisJournal published the first of a series of papers that develop a power-control theory of gender and delinquency.} A central premise of this theory is that there is a family based sexual stratification of the social control of children in industrial societies. The theory asserts that this stratification is imposed through an instrument-object relationship in which mothers more than fathers participate in the control of daughters more than sons. In turn, it is postulated that this instrument-object relationship makes daughters less inclined than sons to take risks, and therefore also makes them less inclined to engage in related forms of delinquent behaviour. The theory further postulates that these relationships are a product of the The British Jounzal of Sociology Volume.TIf.&X/X Number.'S This content downloaded from 157.55.39.35 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 04:37:33 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms John Hagan, John Simpson, and A. R. Gillis","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129635353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The architecture of the hospital: a study of spatial organization and medical knowledge.","authors":"L. Prior","doi":"10.2307/590995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590995","url":null,"abstract":"The paper opens with a review of recent developments in the sociology of spatial organization and after an examination of the ontological and epistemological assumptions which are embedded within current theorizations of space a number of arguments are advanced concerning the inter-relationships which hold between forms of knowledge, social practice and physical design. Using architectural plans, these arguments are then developed with reference to the study of the spatial organization of hospital wards in three contexts; the care and treatment of children, the containment of madness in the pre-1845 period and the management of psychiatric patients 1973-1982. The paper concludes that schemes of spatial organization are best understood in relation to the discursive practices -of which they form a part rather than as decontextualised and reified social facts which exhibit their own 'logic'. I SOCIOLOGIES OF SPACE The study of the social organization of space has figured prominently in much twentieth century social science literature, and the sociological account opened by Durkheim and Mauss in 1903 has been meticulously augmented throughout the twentieth century by a wide range of work from both European and North American scholars. In fact, and in marsy ways, it is an account which has given rise to an entire sub-discipline within the wider compass of sociology itself; namely that of urban sociology. The emphasis upon urbanism has, however, meant that the overwhelming bulk of the work has been written within the framework of modern geography, rather than of, say, Durkheimian sociology. Consequently, the primary focus of attention has been on the spatial relationships which exist between b.uildings, settlements, land holdings and the like upon landscapes The British Journal of Sociology Volume XXXIX Number I This content downloaded from 207.46.13.147 on Fri, 20 May 2016 07:26:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The architecture of the hospital 87 in the widest sense of that term. Indeed, even within the most recent writings on spatial structures, such as those of Gregory and Urry (1985), (which claim to radically reconstitute the sociology of space), and Smith (1984), geography remains indelibly imprinted upon sociology's manifesto. Yet there is a case to be made for a sociology of space rather than a sociological geography and that case has also been recently represented; especially in the work of such writers as King (1980), Hillier and Hanson (1984) and, to a lesser extent, Giddens (1984, 1985). In this newly conceived sociology of space it is the internal structure of buildings as much as the settlement of landscape which provide the foci of attention, and it is inter-mural rather than extra-mural surfaces which constitute the planes on which sociology inscribes its analysis. It is just such a sociology of space which I wish to follow through in this paper, and I wish to do so by concentrating upon the architecture of the hos","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A formal communication network analysis technique.","authors":"K. Koen","doi":"10.2307/590694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116857063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From differentiation to individuation: a look at the encounter process.","authors":"J. Lloyd","doi":"10.2307/590693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132246862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heroin use and acquisitive crime in an English community.","authors":"H. Parker, R. Newcombe","doi":"10.2307/590692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590692","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the possible linkage between a widespread heroin epidemic and a parallel and unprecedented rise in acquisitive crime in a community in north-west England between 1981 and 1986. A very close relationship between the 'extra' crime being generated and the presence of a large number of young, unemployed heroin users was established. It was found that 50 per cent of a sample of young adults convicted of domestic burglaries during 1985 were also known heroin users. Amongst those who were both offenders and heroin users two distinct groups emerged: first, the larger group who had a criminal record prior to heroin use but had * * * . * . * a een commstt1ng muc n more acqussstsve crsme ssnce zecom1ng users; second, a group who had no criminal record prior to heroin use but who are now deeply involved in crime.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114975559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}