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The social facts of deviance in school: a study of mundane reason. 学校越轨行为的社会事实:世俗理性研究。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.2307/591189
S. Hester
{"title":"The social facts of deviance in school: a study of mundane reason.","authors":"S. Hester","doi":"10.2307/591189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/591189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an ethnomethodological study of the use of mundane reason in relation to deviance in schools. Its central theme is that the social facts of deviance in schools are constituted through the assumptions, practices and procedures which comprise mundane reason. The data upon which the study is based consist of transcribed tape recordings of meetings between teachers, psychologists and social workers at which children referred from schools to the Child and Family Guidance Service are discussed. The talk in these meetings is shown to reveal the use of mundane reason with respect to a variety of practical actions. These include categorization, accounting for referral and other actions towards referrals, referral recipiency, reporting referrals, and the formulation of reactions to referrals. Each of these practical actions is considered in turn and its contribution to fact constitution identified. Taken together and viewed consecutively, they can be seen to have a cumulative impact on the social constitution of deviance in schools.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127530138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Obligations of kinship in contemporary Britain: is there normative agreement? 当代英国的亲属义务:是否存在规范性协议?
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.2307/591185
Janet Finch, Jennifer Mason
{"title":"Obligations of kinship in contemporary Britain: is there normative agreement?","authors":"Janet Finch, Jennifer Mason","doi":"10.2307/591185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/591185","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the extent to which there is normative agreement in contemporary Britain about the 'proper thing to do' for relatives. Using quantitative survey data generated using the 'vignette technique', the authors assess how far certain policy and sociological assumptions about appropriate kinship obligations hold up to empirical scrutiny. They argue that there is not a straightforward consensus about a set of normative principles but that it is possible to identify patterns of normative agreement. These vary more in line with the circumstances specified in the vignettes than with the social characteristics of the respondents. There is more evidence of a consensus over procedures - that is what factors people should take into account in working out the proper thing to do for relatives - than over the substance of what should be done. The authors conclude that people do not carry around with them stable sets of values and meanings about obligations to kin, but construct them when they have to out of various materials available.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122203500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
Social images of suicide. 自杀的社会形象。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1991-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/590371
R. Marra, M. Orrù
{"title":"Social images of suicide.","authors":"R. Marra, M. Orrù","doi":"10.2307/590371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590371","url":null,"abstract":"Emile Durkheim's analysis of historical attitudes of societies toward suicide led him to claim that (1) the social disapproval of suicidal conduct increased constantly from ancient times to the present; (2) such increased disapproval was generated by the growing emphasis put on the dignity and sacredness of the individual; (3) the condemnation of suicidal conduct was therefore essentially moral, and it expressed the strong reaction of the collective conscience against offenses to the cult of the individual. In this study we show that Durkheim's interpretation of the historical evidence is erroneous: not increasing condemnation of suicide, but rather tolerance or mild aversion is the typical social response to suicide. Also, when confronted with the historical evidence, Durkheim's claim that increased disapproval of suicide accompanied increased consideration for the dignity of the individual is shown to be unfounded. Our argument develops in four steps. First, we survey the historical evidence on views of suicidal conduct from classical times to the nineteenth-century; second, we present the moral statistics literature on suicide which flourished during Durkheim's lifetime; third, we analyze Durkheim's own theory of anomic suicide. In the conclusion we propose an alternative interpretation of the historical evidence on attitudes on suicide, and a different framework in which to highlight their significance in contemporary society.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128733999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Ethnostatistics and the AIDS epidemic. 民族统计和艾滋病流行。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1991-03-01 DOI: 10.2307/590838
M. Bloor, D. Goldberg, J. Emslie
{"title":"Ethnostatistics and the AIDS epidemic.","authors":"M. Bloor, D. Goldberg, J. Emslie","doi":"10.2307/590838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590838","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnostatistics is the study of the social practices surrounding the construction and interpretation of statistics. This paper considers certain ethnostatistical aspects of the official statistics on AIDS cases--the monthly updated figures on AIDS cases supplied by the Department of Health and derived from the English and Scottish voluntary reporting schemes. The paper focuses on problems in the classification of cases according to the route of virus transmission, particularly where multiple risk practices may be reported. Some (but not all) classification problems can be avoided by adopting a cross-tabular format of presentation. The data on reported Scottish AIDS cases are re-analysed in order to illustrate such a cross-tabular representation. These data are the basis for a concluding statement on the difficulties in projecting future heterosexual epidemic spread.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115614739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Professional culture and organizational morality: an ethnographic account of a therapeutic organization. 职业文化与组织道德:一个治疗组织的民族志描述。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1991-03-01 DOI: 10.2307/590832
M. Nijsmans
{"title":"Professional culture and organizational morality: an ethnographic account of a therapeutic organization.","authors":"M. Nijsmans","doi":"10.2307/590832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590832","url":null,"abstract":"An ethnographic exploration of the social reality of a counselling and training institute points to the profound impact of the therapeutic paradigm on the 'patterned regularities', the general principles, rules and daily practices, in other words, the organizational morality. The limited house-rules or practices emerged mainly as 'enabling conditions' to let professional autonomy prevail and to maintain the game rather than to prescribe behaviour. Organizational rules, structures, mechanics served as a platform for negotiations among different groups of 'provinces of meaning'. These negotiations do not necessarily show any sense of organizational logic or administrative rationality. Perhaps the opposite is true. Loosely coupled interactions and consensual validation rather than goal-oriented thinking appeared to be the predominant organizational occupation. The irrational, at times even ironic dynamics operative in organizational morality are nevertheless meaningful. They function as 'mapping' and sense-making devices and can be seen as vehicles for reflecting and ordering underlying meanings.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132570413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Race and ethnicity in the European context. 欧洲背景下的种族和民族。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1990-09-01 DOI: 10.2307/590964
S. Allen, M. Macey
{"title":"Race and ethnicity in the European context.","authors":"S. Allen, M. Macey","doi":"10.2307/590964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"3 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Secularization and medicalization. 世俗化和医疗化。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/590872
M. Bull
{"title":"Secularization and medicalization.","authors":"M. Bull","doi":"10.2307/590872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590872","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Bryan Turner's view that medicine has replaced religion as the 'social guardian of morality.' It argues that Turner's failure to co-ordinate the theories of secularization and medicalization has prevented this hypothesis from being fully explored. A systematic and synthesized account of both medicalization and secularization is given, and used as the framework for a review of the history of Seventh-day Adventism-a sect that is both a product and an agent of the two processes. In conclusion it is suggested that medicalization may be conductive to sect development, and that secularization and medicalization are compatible models of social change.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132432009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Violent families and the rhetoric of harmony. 暴力家庭和和谐的修辞。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/590873
L. J. Miller
{"title":"Violent families and the rhetoric of harmony.","authors":"L. J. Miller","doi":"10.2307/590873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590873","url":null,"abstract":"Observing that the violent realities of family life belie the social rhetoric of harmony, most sociologists recommend 'demythologizing' the family. This paper challenges that view, arguing that social rhetoric must be analysed rather than debunked. The sense-making activities of actors who engage in violent family events are identified as a strategic site for such an analyses. The paper explores the ways in which the rhetoric of family harmony is routinely sustained and reproduced. Two kinds of supports are considered (i) macrosocial supports, which sustain family rhetoric by integrating it into a wider system of collective representations; and (ii) microsocial supports which sustain family rhetoric by embodying it in the accounts of family members.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123637468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Halbwachs and Durkheim: a test of two theories of suicide. 哈尔布瓦赫与迪尔凯姆:两种自杀理论的检验。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/590871
R. Travis
{"title":"Halbwachs and Durkheim: a test of two theories of suicide.","authors":"R. Travis","doi":"10.2307/590871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590871","url":null,"abstract":"The social integration hypothesis forms the basis of this study. It was first asserted by Durkheim in late nineteenth-century France and many of his assumptions are based on a social disorganizational model. This model tended to equate social change with the breakdown of social control and many of Durkheim's notions about anomie are derived from this view of industrial society. Halbwachs, on the other hand, proposed a social psychological theory of suicide. His model specifies more clearly the conditions under which lack of social integration may induce suicide. This study shows that among a population in transition, the Alaska Natives, the suicide rate was explained by the Halbwachsian model at least as well as the Durkheimian one and sometimes better. The Durkheimian model is shown to reflect a Cartesian dualism, which accounts only for that which is observable, thus making for biased studies of suicide. Moreover, psychopathological research confirms the Halbwachsian model. These findings restore the social isolation theory, once long neglected, to its rightful place among theories of suicide and opens up an important field for researchers seeking to understand high rates of suicide.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121791772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Ageing, status politics and sociological theory. 老龄化，地位政治和社会学理论。
The British journal of sociology Pub Date : 1989-12-01 DOI: 10.2307/590890
B. Turner
{"title":"Ageing, status politics and sociological theory.","authors":"B. Turner","doi":"10.2307/590890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/590890","url":null,"abstract":"As a feature of social change and as an aspect of social stratification, ageing and age groups have been seriously neglected by sociological theory. This article attempts to conceptualize age groups in a multi-dimensional model of stratification which considers ageing in relation to economic class, political entitlement, or citizenship, and cultural life-styles. This multi-dimensional model provides an analytical basis for rejecting functionalist theories of ageing, which emphasize the positive functions of social disengagement, activity theories, which show that self-esteem in ageing is an effect of continuing social involvement, and Marxist social gerontology, which argues that retirement is determined by labour-market requirements in capitalism. The article concludes by developing a reciprocity-maturation curve of ageing which explains age stigmatization through exchange theory as an effect of declining social reciprocity. Both young and elderly social groups in a period of economic recession are perceived to be socially dependent, and become the targets of 'the politics of resentment'. The processes of social ageing can be located in the core of sociological theory, because they are connected fundamentally to the conditions of social solidarity.","PeriodicalId":365401,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of sociology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114868613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
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