Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Visual skills essential for rugby.","authors":"Lourens Millard,&nbsp;Gerrit Jan Breukelman,&nbsp;Teriza Burger,&nbsp;Joel Nortje,&nbsp;Jessica Schulz","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Keen vision is one of the most important qualities required of athletes. It enables players to perform sports-related drills and apply decision-making skills. To accurately measure the visual ability of athletes, it is important to first identify the variety of visual skills involved in the particular sport. The objectives of this novel review are to identify the most important visual skills required for rugby, and to create a reference point for further studies to include visual skills essential to rugby players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an electronic search with various combinations of relevant keywords using the following databases: Sport Discuss, Ovid's Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, PubMed/MEDLINE, Current Contents, Science Direct, the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and international electronic catalogues to assess the scientific literature related to the visual skills required for rugby. Only the records published in English were included. We extracted data on the relationship between vision and match performance, the defined problem or purpose of the study, and the inclusion of theoretical definitions of tactical behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search yielded 80 records, 51 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The most important visual skills in rugby are classified based on whether they meet the requirements for visual hardware or visual software skills. Visual hardware skills include visual acuity, depth perception, fusion flexibility, and contrast sensitivity; visual software skills include eye tracking, hand-eye coordination, eye focusing, peripheral vision, speed and span of recognition, visual response time, and visual memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rugby players must use both visual hardware and software skills to reliably observe their teammates' positions, understand their opponents' actions and tactics, handle the ball, analyze the immediate circumstances, and anticipate what will occur. Further studies are needed to verify the significance of each visual skill in actual competition to determine a relationship between vision and the results of a championship.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/a1/mehdiophth-12-046.PMC10445309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing morphologic features and complications of main clear corneal incision between junior and senior residents observed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Hamid Gharaee,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Sedaghat,&nbsp;Javad Sadeghi,&nbsp;Hamed Tabesh,&nbsp;Ahmad Gharouni,&nbsp;Somayeh Ghasemi Moghadam,&nbsp;Vahide Nozari,&nbsp;Samira Beigi","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wound construction is a critical step in phacoemulsification. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), we compared the morphological features and complications of main incisions made by junior or senior residents during phacoemulsification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional comparative study included eyes with senile cataracts that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with a clear corneal incision made by seven senior and eight junior ophthalmology residents. All eyes underwent postoperative image acquisition using AS-OCT on day one and at three months, examining for morphological features and potential complications of the main incision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 50 eyes of 50 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 22 (44%) to 28 (56%); 26 (52%) were operated on by junior residents and 24 (48%) by seniors. The mean geometric features of the main incisions and the frequency of early and late wound complications were comparable between the two groups (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between the incision length and angle with the superior (r = + 0.80; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and r = - 0.63; <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively) and inferior (r = + 0.84; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and r = - 0.68; <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively) areas of the incision, as well as between the length and angle of incision (r = - 0.74; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The number of planes in the wound architecture was not significantly different according to senior or junior resident status (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Although the number of eyes with stromal hydration was significantly greater for junior residents than for seniors (<i>P</i> < 0.001), the corneal thickness at the entrance to the cornea or the anterior chamber, presence of endothelial wound gaping, and Descemet's membrane detachment were comparable between eyes with and without stromal hydration (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). At three months, 29 (58%) patients returned for examination, in whom seven (24%) had late wound complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found no significant differences in the performances of junior and senior residents in terms of wound construction or its associated complications. However, considering the overall rate of some observed wound-related complications, we recommended revision of the resident educational curriculum concerning the structure and complications of the main incision.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/80/mehdiophth-12-018.PMC10445308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined umbilical cord patching with amniotic membrane graft for corneal surface reconstruction.","authors":"Rania Kamel Farag, Karim Elmowafi, Hossam T El-Sharkawy, Sahar El-Tarshoby","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1456","DOIUrl":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Umbilical cord patch (UCP) grafts have been successfully used for glaucoma shunt tube coverage and conjunctival surface reconstruction. In recent years, the technique has emerged as a novel alternative for the reconstruction of corneal perforation and descemetocele. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined UCP grafting and human amniotic membrane (HAM) transplantation for the management of corneal perforation or descemetocele.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series included nine eyes of nine patients with corneal descemetoceles and 28 eyes of 28 patients with corneal perforations, all in a clinically quiescent state. UCP grafting and HAM transplantation were combined to treat all patients. We re-examined the patients daily throughout the first week, weekly for 1 month, and then monthly for the first 6 months using slit-lamp examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 37 eyes with descemetocele or corneal perforation in a clinically quiescent state. The mean (standard deviation) ages of patients with corneal descemetocele and corneal perforation were 56.3 (18.8) years and 54.3 (18.1) years, respectively. The male-to-female ratios in patients with corneal descemetocele and corneal perforation were 56% to 44% and 61% to 39%, respectively. Postoperative corneal thickness increased significantly in eyes with descemetocele compared to preoperative values (P < 0.001). Postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity improved significantly compared to preoperative values in eyes with descemetocele or corneal perforation (both P < 0.001), with relief of accompanying ocular symptoms. We did not observe any recurrence or complications such as rejection, infection, suture-related problems, or severe inflammation and all had a formed anterior chamber up to the final follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combined UCP grafting and HAM transplantation could be a promising alternative treatment for corneal perforation or descemetocele in clinically quiescent eyes, providing satisfactory reconstruction and functional outcomes. Further studies with robust designs, larger sample sizes, and longer follow-up are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of this modified surgical technique in enhancing vision and restoring anterior segment anatomical integrity in compromised corneas.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 3","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/74/mehdiophth-11-129.PMC10445317.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (GROP) screening criteria.","authors":"Kaveh Fadakar, Haider Abbas, Sahel Soltani Shahgoli, Sonal Tuli, Afsar Farahani, Marjan Imani Fooladi, Naeeme Taslimi Taleghani, Shaghayegh Esfandiarifard, Ramak Roohipourmoallai, Samaneh Davoudi, Jinghua Chen, Maryam Khoshnood Shariati, Reza Karkhaneh, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in infants. The Postnatal Growth and ROP (G-ROP) study proposed new screening criteria for ROP. This study aimed to validate the G-ROP screening criteria in a group of Iranian premature infants who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for at least 40 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we extracted the data pertaining to infants admitted to the NICU from January 2020 to December 2021. We screened all the included infants for ROP based on the Iranian national screening criteria. We applied the G-ROP criteria to our study population, and if no criterion was met, the infant was exempted from ROP screening. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the G-ROP guidelines for ROP detection, along with its capacity for predicting the requirement for ROP treatment. Moreover, we compared the G-ROP guidelines with the Iranian and North American guidelines for ROP screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 166 premature infants with complete datasets were included: 130 had ROP, of whom 61 were treated. There were 109 female infants (65.7%). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) birth weight and gestational age were 1080 (256) g and 28.28 (1.97) weeks, respectively. Applying the G-ROP criteria, 127 of 130 infants with ROP were identified (sensitivity, 97.69%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 95.11% - 100%), and of 36 infants without ROP, three were correctly excluded (specificity, 8.33%; 95% CI, 0% - 17.36%). The G-ROP criteria did not fail to identify infants who required treatment for ROP (sensitivity, 100%; 95% CI, 98.29 - 100) and had a specificity of 8.69% (95% CI, 2.04% - 15.34%). Although the Iranian and North American criteria had 100% sensitivity for infants with any stage of ROP, they could not detect infants without ROP (0% specificity).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The G-ROP screening criteria had a sensitivity of 100% in identifying infants requiring treatment for ROP in our high-risk group; however, specificity was not sufficiently high. Further studies with larger numbers of referred infants could confirm a decrease in the burden of retinal examinations using these criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/a1/mehdiophth-11-077.PMC10445302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of primary eye health care in controlling the surge of monkeypox.","authors":"Pegah Rashidian","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1451","DOIUrl":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 2","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/b4/mehdiophth-11-092.PMC10445303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of pars plana Ahmed valve implant and vitrectomy in eyes with refractory glaucoma.","authors":"Sareta K Dubay, Dorian Dwarika, Ronnie Bhola, Balakrishna Vineeth Kumar","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1445","DOIUrl":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pars plana vitrectomy with implantation of an Ahmed glaucoma valve in the vitreous cavity has been reported with a success rate in the management of refractory and neovascular glaucoma. This study aimed to present the outcomes of pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve (PPAV) surgical implantation in cases with refractory glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center, retrospective, comparative study, 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with refractory glaucoma who underwent PPAV surgical implantation between October 2015 and October 2019 were evaluated. A successful postoperative outcome was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg upon examination and a reduction in the number of anti-glaucoma agents used at the latest follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, 81 eyes of 78 patients with refractory glaucoma were included; 54 (66.66%) of the eyes had neovascular glaucoma. The mean follow-up was 20.65 ± 12.17 months (range: 2-52 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 40.01 ± 1.19 mmHg and reduced significantly to 16.73 ± 0.82 mmHg at the latest follow-up (<i>P</i> < 0.001); a successful IOP outcome was achieved in 88.89% of eyes. The mean number of anti-glaucoma agents decreased significantly from 2.86 ± 0.09 preoperatively to 1.46 ± 0.11 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001); while 61 (75.31%) of eyes had a reduction in the number of IOP lowering eye drops, and 14 (17.28%) had no need for IOP lowering eye drops.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPAV surgery is a successful procedure for IOP reduction in patients with refractory glaucoma. Our study demonstrated either reduction or elimination of IOP lowering eye drops postoperatively. Large scale studies with a comparison group, a longer follow-up, and having various subtypes of glaucoma are required as future research to confirm these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/ad/mehdiophth-11-044.PMC10445320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and sub-acute ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19: A systematic review.","authors":"Sedigheh Madani","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1440","DOIUrl":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the most challenging health problem in the last 2 years. Post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MIS-C) is a severe post-COVID-19 complication in pediatric patients. Ocular manifestations may be the first presentation of MIS-C, wherein prompt treatment may improve outcomes. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the acute and sub-acute ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included all online primary studies, with no language restriction and published between January 1, 2019 and November 18, 2020, reporting any acute or sub-acute ocular manifestations in children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched using the following MeSH and Emtree terms: \"eye,\" \"ophthalmologic,\" \"ocular,\" \"vision,\" \"conjunctivitis,\" \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" \"corona,\" \"2019-nCoV,\" \"COVID19,\" and \"COVID.\" The eligibility and quality of the selected records were assessed by two independent reviewers as per the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,192 records were identified electronically. Seven papers were extracted from the reference lists of the eligible records. Thirty-six papers met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into two subgroups according to acute or sub-acute presentation of ocular manifestations. Among 463 pediatric patients with COVID-19, 72 (15.5%) had acute ocular manifestations. There was one patient with central retinal vein occlusion and another with photophobia and diplopia associated with meningoencephalitis. Among 895 pediatric patients with post-COVID-19 MIS-C, 469 (52.4%) had ocular manifestations, which only included non-purulent conjunctivitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ocular manifestations have been reported in less than one-fifth of pediatric patients with acute COVID-19. Furthermore, conjunctivitis was the only ocular manifestation reported in half of the patients with MIS-C, and it may be missed easily due to its non-purulent nature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatricians and health workers must remain vigilant for early detection of signs of this potentially fatal post-COVID-19 inflammatory syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/e0/mehdiophth-11-011.PMC10445324.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly.","authors":"Mashael Al-Namaeh","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1438","DOIUrl":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is not a disease; rather, it is a process. As people age, visual impairment (VI) becomes more common. In 2010, the overall prevalence rate of vision impairment in all races was 25.66% in individuals aged ≥ 80 years, according to the estimate of the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health. This review aimed to address the common causes of VI in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using \"visual impairment\" and \"elderly\" for the period between January 2010 and April 2021, to include randomized clinical trials and observational studies concerning VI in the elderly. The selected time period was chosen to provide an updated review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 2955 articles published over the period of more than 11 years. The relevant randomized clinical trials or observational studies were included and reviewed. Cataracts, refractive errors, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common age-related ocular disorders leading to VI if untreated in the elderly. The loss of visual acuity can adversely affect quality of life in the elderly. Difficulty with activities of daily living related to VI can lead to social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Loss of vision in the elderly is linked to an increased risk of falls, hip fracture, depression, and poor quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most common causes of VI in the elderly are cataracts and refractive errors. VI in most ocular diseases is more prevalent in women than in men due to longer lifespan. The overall prevalence of the main causes of VI in the elderly is expected to increase; therefore, health policymakers should consider this when planning for the health-enhancement program of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 4","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/aa/mehdiophth-10-191.PMC10460237.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early and delayed suture adjustments after adjustable suture strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ahmed Adel Abdelmonem,&nbsp;Ahmed Awadein,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mohamed M Genidy,&nbsp;Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim,&nbsp;Sahar Torky A Abdelaziz","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjustable sutures increase the success rate of strabismus surgery. However, the optimal timing of postoperative suture adjustment remains controversial. This trial was aimed at comparing the surgical outcomes and pain scores of early or 2 - 4 h and delayed or 24 h postoperative suture adjustment in adult patients undergoing strabismus surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative interventional study was performed in consecutive adult patients scheduled for eye muscle surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: the early group, with suture adjustment 2 - 4 h postoperatively, and the delayed group, with suture adjustment 24 h postoperatively. Subjective pain scores during the adjustment were also analyzed. The angles of misalignment at 1 and 3 months and the success rate at 3 months postoperatively were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five (90%) patients completed the follow-up, including 23 (92%) in the early adjustment group and 22 (88%) in the delayed adjustment group, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 25.6 (9.5) years and a male-to-female ratio of 46.7:53.3. Thirty patients (66.7%) had exotropia, and 15 (33.3%) patients had esotropia. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics (all P > 0.05). The mean pain scores during adjustment did not differ significantly between groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The postoperative angles of alignment were comparable between the groups before suture adjustment and at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). The success rate in the early adjustment group was slightly higher (87.0% versus 63.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The success rate was comparable between the groups in patients with esotropia or exotropia (both <i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the early adjustment group had a slightly higher success rate, the difference was not significant. Both groups had comparable subjective pain scores during adjustment, final motor alignment, or success rate. Future clinical trials should be performed different time intervals for postoperative suture adjustment, and subjective and objective outcomes, such as diplopia and stereopsis, should be compared between patients with a first strabismus surgery and those who underwent reoperation. This could better resolve the persistent controversy related to the optimal time for suture adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 4","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/b9/mehdiophth-11-144.PMC10460247.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus disease pandemic and dry eye disease: A methodology concern on the causal relationship.","authors":"Mashael Al-Namaeh","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1444","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"11 1","pages":"42-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/24/mehdiophth-11-042.PMC10445325.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}