Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Lacrimal stenting versus three-snip punctoplasty for treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion: an open- label, randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Haitham Rashdan,&nbsp;Ali Mahmoud Ismail,&nbsp;Mohammed Ezz-Eldawla,&nbsp;Mohammed Iqbal","doi":"10.51329/mehdi-ophthal1418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdi-ophthal1418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the short-term anatomical and functional outcomes of, as well as patient satisfaction with, lacrimal stenting and three-snip punctoplasty for the treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this open-label, randomized clinical trial, we included 50 eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with punctal stenosis or occlusion. They were randomly allocated to two groups of 25 eyes each, using central telephone randomization. Group A underwent a lacrimal stenting procedure and was subdivided into two subgroups: Group A1 (13 eyes) received polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated perforated punctal plugs, and Group A2 (12 eyes) received closed intubation using a bicanalicular silicon tube. Group B included 25 eyes that underwent three- snip punctoplasty. All eyes were examined after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Postoperative anatomical success assessing the punctum size, functional success using the fluorescein disappearance test (FDT), and patient satisfaction based on epiphora scoring were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both study groups were comparable in terms of sex and age distribution. Compared to Group B, Group A had a significantly larger punctum size at one, three, and 6-month postoperatively (<i>P</i> = 0.009, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). The difference in FDT results was significant between the two groups at all follow-up visits (<i>P</i> = 0.008, 0.0001, 0.003, and 0.002, at postoperative one week, one-months, three-month, and si-month, respectively). Likewise, patient satisfaction was significantly different between both groups at all follow-up visits (<i>P</i> = 0.007, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.002, at postoperative one week, one-months, three-month, and si-month, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lacrimal stenting is an effective method for the treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion. Overall, the FDT results and patient satisfaction outcomes were significantly better.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/b7/mehdiophth-10-024.PMC10460217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic biomarkers of chronic diabetic macular edema treated with a fiuocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant.","authors":"Beatriz Oliveira Lopes,&nbsp;Margarida Sena Brizido,&nbsp;Florence Aerts,&nbsp;Susana Morais Pina,&nbsp;Pedro Santana Simoes,&nbsp;Margarida Isidoro Miranda","doi":"10.51329/mehdioph-thal1421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioph-thal1421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate retinal imaging biomarkers, such as disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and/or ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and functional outcomes in eyes treated with 0.2 µg/day of a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (FAc) after an insufficient response to previous treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective comparative study of 18 eyes (15 patients) with persistent and/or recurrent diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with FAc. Eyes were divided according to the number of prior intravitreal treatments: group 1 (n = 8) with ≤ 6 injections (early switch) and group 2 (n = 10) with > 6 injections (late switch). Outcomes included percentage of eyes with DRIL and/or EZ disruption at baseline and analysis of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS letters, central macular thickness (CMT), DRIL, and EZ disruption at the last observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 2 revealed a significantly higher percentage of DRIL and/or EZ disruption than group 1 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). At the last observation, group 1 revealed a higher percentage of eyes achieving vision stability/ improvement, gaining ≥ 15 letters, and achieving ≥70 letters (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all comparisons). The mean BCVA gain was 8.8 and 0.7 letters for groups 1 and 2 (<i>P</i> = 0.397). Both groups revealed a significant mean CMT reduction (> 20% reduction from the baseline value), without a significant statistical difference between them (<i>P</i> = 0.749). After treatment, most eyes from both groups showed resolution of DRIL and EZ disruption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with DME presenting with a lower percentage of DRIL and/or EZ disruption at baseline had better functional outcomes, supporting the possible benefit of an early switch to FAc after insufficient response to previous treatments. Future randomized studies with a larger patient cohort are warranted to confirm our conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 2","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/09/mehdiophth-10-050.PMC10460228.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effect of non-preserved cationic oil-in-water ophthalmic emulsion on tear meniscus parameters of healthy individuals in a prospective, controlled pilot study.","authors":"Olga E Makri,&nbsp;Iasonas Tsekouras,&nbsp;Stylianos Mastronikolis,&nbsp;Constantinos D Georgakopoulos","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the effect of instilling a single drop of non-preserved cationic oil-in- water ophthalmic emulsion (Cationorm®) on the lower (LTM) and upper tear meniscus (UTM) parameters of normal eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, single-center, non-randomized, controlled pilot study, optical coherence tomography was used to estimate the UTM and LTM height, depth, and cross-sectional area in participants without a history of dry eye disease. In the right eye (study eye), we instilled one drop of Cationorm® in the lower conjunctival sac. Scans of the tear menisci were acquired at baseline, before the instillation, and at 5, 15, and 30 min thereafter. Control scans of the left eye (control eye) were obtained at the same timepoints. The tear meniscus parameters of the study eye were compared with the control eye at each timepoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty subjects (11 male and 9 female; mean [standard deviation] of age: 37.8 [10.9] years) were included in the study. Compared to the control eye, instillation of a single drop of Cationorm® resulted in significantly higher LTM parameter values and a higher UTM cross-sectional area up to 30 min after instillation (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). The UTM height and depth were significantly greater in the study eye than in the control eye up to 5 min (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and 0.007, respectively) and 15-min (<i>P</i> = 0.045, and 0.002, respectively) after Cationorm® instillation. In the study eye, Cationorm® resulted in a significant increase in LTM parameter values up to 30 min post-instillation (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). The UTM height was significantly greater up to 15 min post-instillation than at baseline. The UTM depth and area increased significantly from baseline to 5 min after instillation (<i>P</i> = 0.043, and 0.002, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cationorm® seems to have a prolonged residence time on the ocular surface of healthy subjects as indicated by LTM parameters and to a lesser extent by UTM parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/ed/mehdiophth-10-005.PMC10460213.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10466747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Scedosporium apiospermum</i> contact lens-related keratitis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Flavio Cassano,&nbsp;Nicola Cardascia,&nbsp;Maria Gabriella La Tegola,&nbsp;Francesco Boscia,&nbsp;Giovanni Alessio","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Scedosporium apiospermum</i> (SA) is commonly present in temperate climates. It can induce cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue infections as well as disseminated infections in immunocompromised or immunocompetent hosts. The eye is rarely involved. Keratomycosis is usually caused by plant-related injuries. Here, we describe a patient with a severe and sight-threatening corneal abscess caused by SA, which was associated with contact lens wear and was successfully treated with a combination of surgical and medical therapies.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An otherwise healthy 22-year-old woman, with history of contact lens wearing, was referred to the Ophthalmic Department of Bari University, Bari, Italy for evaluation of a corneal abscess and hypopyon in her left eye. Intensive topical and systemic antibiotic therapy was initiated after obtaining con- junctival swabs. Within 2 days, her ophthalmic condition had worsened, and her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) dropped to counting fingers. She underwent penetrating keratoplasty, after which her ophthalmic condition improved. Microbiological culture, obtained from the explanted cornea, revealed SA infection. This was addressed with specific topical and systemic therapy using voriconazole. Two weeks later, the con- dition of her left eye was stable, with mild corneal edema and no sign of acute graft rejection. Her BCVA improved to 20/25, and all medications were discontinued, except for the steroid eye drop. The patient was scheduled for a 1-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prompt identification of the etiological agent is mandatory to perform appropriate therapy in cases of keratomycosis. Surgery to remove the infected cornea is helpful in patients with deteriorating condition, in whom the initial medical therapy has failed. Topical and systemic antimycotic therapy, based on microbiological culture, is recommended as an adjunctive therapy for the surgical management of severe corneal mycotic abscesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 2","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/de/mehdiophth-10-080.PMC10460225.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics.","authors":"Fatemeh Heidary,&nbsp;Reza Gharebaghi","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1414","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial, No Abstract \u0000KEY WORDS: \u0000COVID-19, research, publication ethics, retraction, biomedicine, ethics","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/2c/mehdiophth-10-001.PMC10460218.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A situational analysis of clinical refraction services in the capital city of the Maldives.","authors":"Fathimath Nestha Mohamed,&nbsp;Rokiah Omar","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncorrected refractive error is a leading cause of visual impairment globally. This study aimed to determine the current state of clinical refraction services and barriers to service provision in the capital city of the Maldives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study used a purposive sampling technique. The list of facilities providing refraction services in the city of Malé was compiled through a desk review and finalized after verification by personnel from the Ministry of Health. The availability of human resources and infrastructure was measured using a pre-coded questionnaire that also listed barriers to service provision, followed by on-site observations and subsequent data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three clinical ophthalmology departments within hospitals, two ophthalmology hospitals, and nine primary eye care centers were selected for this study. The private sector (n = 12, 85.7%) was the primary provider of refractive error services. All facilities possessed the essential equipment required for refraction. Only optometrists and ophthalmologists conducted refraction. Contact lens assessment and low vision services were not available at any facility. The number of refractions conducted in Malé annually was 145,392. Human resources and management-related factors were the major barriers to the provision of clinical refraction services (n = 21, 44.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accessibility to refractive error management and low vision services is needed in Malé to meet current population needs. Existing resources, including humans and equipment, require augmentation regarding service provision and enhancement. Knowledge of these barriers could lead to the upscaling of refraction services in Malé, Maldives by health policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 4","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/47/mehdiophth-10-146.PMC10460235.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mitomycin-C on corneal endothelial cell parameters after refractive surface ablation procedures.","authors":"Hossein Mohammad-Rabei,&nbsp;Raheleh Moravej,&nbsp;Mina Almasi-Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Parisa Rezazadeh,&nbsp;Navid Manafi,&nbsp;Farsad Noorizadeh","doi":"10.51329/mehdiophthal1434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on the reduction of endothelial cell count in the cornea remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effect of MMC on corneal endothelial cell parameters after refractive surface ablation procedures, including photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this interventional, comparative, follow-up study, 342 eyes of 171 patients were followed up for 6 months. Patients undergoing PRK or LASEK were included and were divided into two groups: group one (188 eyes of 94 patients) with an ablation depth of ≥ 65 µm and who received intraoperative 0.02% MMC for 30 s, and group two (154 eyes of 77 patients) with an ablation depth of < 65 µm and who received balanced salt solution for 30 s. Changes in endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality values were compared between the groups at 3 and 6 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (standard deviaiton [SD]) age of the patients was 28.11 (6.56) years. The mean (SD) ECD did not change significantly in either group between the baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The baseline mean ECD was significantly higher in group one than that in group two (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and remained so at 3 (<i>P</i> = 0.002) and 6 months (<i>P</i> = 0.022) postoperatively. The baseline hexagonality value was lower in group one (<i>P</i> = 0.173), with a gradual decrease during the postoperative follow-up as compared with that in group two (<i>P</i> = 0.016 and 0.001 at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively). Group one had a significantly lower CCT at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (both <i>P</i> < 0.001) and a higher mean CV (3 months: <i>P</i> = 0.028; 6 months: <i>P</i> = 0.328).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single intraoperative application of MMC for 30 s as prophylaxis for corneal haze development during refractive surface ablation procedures had no significant effect on ECD up to 6 months postoperatively. Future studies with a contralateral-eye design (to neutralize factors specific to the individual patient), a larger sample size, and longer follow-up are necessary to confirm or disprove our observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"10 4","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/e7/mehdiophth-10-156.PMC10460236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucomatous Macular Vasculature: A Quantitative Analysis","authors":"P. Arede, Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk, Fabian Debowy, Jacek Olszewski, C. Fernandes, C. Bruxelas, H. Spohr, Sara Patrício","doi":"10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1403","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the macular vessel density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in glaucoma quantitatively using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). \u0000Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 13 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 12 eyes of 6 healthy participants were enrolled retrospectively. Functional visual field (VF) and structural Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) were assessed in all participants. OCT-A was performed on a fovea centered, 15x10 degrees, macular region. OCT-A scans were processed with MATLAB software and automatically graded to define FAZ parameters. The parafoveal VD in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus (SVP and DVP) was analyzed by quadrant and circular segmented zones. \u0000Results: Foveal Avascular Zone -Major Axis Length (p=0.02), Area (p=0.04), Equivalent Diameter (p=0.04) and Perimeter (p=0.04) were significantly larger in glaucoma than the control group. Regarding SVP and DVP, the average macular total VD were lower in glaucoma patients compared to the control group (p<0.01; p<0.01). Additionally, the inner circular region (p=0.04; p<0.01 respectively for SVP and DVP) and all quadrants except for North had a lower VD in glaucoma group compared to the control group. Assessment of the total VD successfully predicted RNFLT (p<0.001) and was significantly associated with the probability of glaucoma (p=0.009). \u0000Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, namely the FAZ morphology and the macular VD, were associated with glaucomatous functional and structural changes. The macular VD showed a considerable diagnostic value. It may be a modern biomarker, representing microvascular network disruption of the macular perfusion in glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80907828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration as First Choice: a New Italian Ruling","authors":"S. Erba, A. Scialdone, G. Casalino","doi":"10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1404","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors represent the mainstay of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatment. Although bevacizumab has been the first anti-VEGF used in ophthalmology, it is unlicensed for intraocular use. However, the favourable cost-benefit balance has favoured its widespread use. We aimed to present relevant literature regarding the safety profile and the regulatory issues of intravitreal bevacizumab use. \u0000Methods: In this narrative review we report relevant studies regarding the safety profile of intravitreal bevacizumab. Expert commentary is provided and an overview of the current scenario and possible future directions discussed. \u0000Results: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that bevacizumab is not inferior to the licensed anti-VEGF agents showing similar efficacy and safety profiles. However, a significant debate on the regulatory issues of intravitreal bevacizumab used as ‘off label’ first-line treatment in nAMD still persists. Recently, the Regional Health System of Lombardia in Italy decided to only cover the expenses of bevacizumab, forcing clinicians to use bevacizumab as the first choice in the treatment of nAMD. Issues about the practical implications of this decision are discussed. \u0000Conclusion: The use of intravitreal bevacizumab as first-line therapy in nAMD remains controversial. Many differences in the regulatory aspects still persist among the European countries and sometimes within the same countries, like Italy. Of note the clinical scenario will be modified in future by the introduction of newly developed anti-VEGF agents and anti-VEGF biosimilars.","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89436431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Face COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Practice","authors":"X. Pei, X. Jiao, Dingli Lu, Di Qi, Shenzhen Huang, Zhijie Li","doi":"10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/MEHDIOPHTHAL1406","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia has attracted considerable attention from the international community. With the spread of outbreaks around the world, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. \u0000Methods: Relevant studies in PubMed were searched from January 1, 2020 to April 12, 2020, using the following search strategy: (“novel coronavirus pneumonia” OR “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” OR “coronavirus disease 2019” OR “COVID-19” OR “novel coronavirus pneumonia”) AND (“ophthalmology” OR “ophthalmologist” OR “eye” OR “conjunctiva” OR “conjunctivitis” OR “corneal” OR “keratitis”). \u0000Results: SARS-CoV-2 can spread through aerosol and is detected in tears of patients with COVID-19 infection. Notably, some infected patients had conjunctivitis, and conjunctivitis was the first symptom in some patients later diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. This would increase the risk for ophthalmologists through inpatient consultations or regular clinical practice. When dealing with seemingly regular ophthalmic patients, the vigilance of ophthalmologists and associated staff tends to be reduced. \u0000Conclusion: Ophthalmologists must continuously update their knowledge regarding COVID-19 and take effective measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission.","PeriodicalId":36524,"journal":{"name":"Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80400312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}