Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding最新文献

{"title":"Studying the effect of heterosis and predicting the prospects of hybrid spring wheat populations in breeding for productivity and drought resistance","authors":"L. V. Volkova, O. S. Amunova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In combination breeding, information about the degree of superiority of hybrids in productivity and drought resistance over their parents in early generations, as well as the possibility of preserving their advantages in subsequent generations, are of great practical interest. Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, 16 hybrid populations of spring bread wheat of the 1st through 4th generations, obtained from intraspecific crosses among parent cultivars, were studied at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast. The hybrids and their parents were tested in the field for productivity and in the laboratory for drought resistance. Inheritance types were determined by the degree of phenotypic dominance of plant characters. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using correlation and variance analyses. Results. Hybrids that demonstrated heterosis in the number of grains per ear had an advantage on this basis in subsequent generations. The inheritance type of the 1000 grain weight did not determine the level of this character in older generation hybrids. There was a change in the type of inheritance for the number of radicles during the transition from normal to stressful conditions. Hybrids that showed heterosis in seedling weight in the control and the experiment were distinguished by higher rates in subsequent generations. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and the number of radicles formed with a lack of moisture, and a positive correlation between grain yield and the weight of seedlings. Seven promising hybrid combinations fusing productivity with drought resistance were identified. Conclusion. The analysis of hybrids from early generations according to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the number of grains per ear and number of radicles in the experiment, and the weight of seedlings in the control and the experiment can be quite informative for use in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of environmental variability in spring bread wheat cultivars under the conditions of Tyumen Province","authors":"V. V. Novokhatin, E. V. Zuev, Т. V. Shelomentseva, Т. A. Leonova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-70-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-70-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Among wheat breeding trends, the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region prioritizes selection of new source material and development of cultivars with improved agronomic traits and higher resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. The breeders also pay attention to environmental plasticity of the cultivars. Materials and methods. A field study of 362 spring bread wheat accessions from VIR was performed in the fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2011–2016 under contrasting climate conditions. Thirty genotypes were identified for a set of useful agronomic traits. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. Rank correlation coefficients, plasticity indices (bi), yield ranges (d, %), homeostaticity (H-st), homeostasis (Hom), and responsiveness coefficients (Kp) were calculated. Results. It was established that cultivars with potentially high yield, plasticity, and strong response to changing environmental conditions: ‘Altaiskaya 110’ (k-65128), ‘Bashkirskaya 28’ (k-64852), ‘AC Pollet’ (k-64975), ‘Chelyaba 75’ (k-64871), ‘Aletch’ (k65011), and ‘Struna Mironovskaya’ (k-65016), may be recommended for breeding intensive cultivars. Accessions with low levels of plasticity and less pronounced environmental variability indices, but tolerant to deteriorated environmental conditions: ‘Tarskaya 10’ (k-64996), ‘FPCh-Рpd-0s’ (k-65123), and ‘Novosibirskaya 44’ (k-64867), can be used to produce climateresistant cultivars. Conclusion. The Ymax, d, V and Kp indicators should be applied for preliminary assessment of cultivars for yield variability, as they are positively correlated to each other and provide quite significant information. Such complementary indicators as bi and S2di, H-st and Hom, positively associated with each other and having a multidirectional effect, are effective for comprehensive assessment of cultivars for environmental variability.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and growing-season stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under contrasting ecogeographic conditions","authors":"L. Yu. Novikova, A. A. Berzegova, M. V. Gurkina, T. V. Buravtseva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-105-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-105-115","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Studying the effect size of the environment versus breeding-oriented plant traits is relevant under climate change. Identification of stable accessions while evaluating the source material in contrasting environments can increase the efficiency of breeding practice. Materials and methods. Thirty common bean accessions from the VIR collection were sown for 3 years in the contrasting environments of Maikop and Astrakhan. Eight useful agronomic traits were studied according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing was carried out using ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses. Environmental stability of productivity was assessed according S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell (1966). Results and discussion. The study of the variability of traits showed the stability of the sowing-to-ripening period duration (average coefficient of variation: 10.9%) and 1000 seed weight (17.3%). The effect of the genotype was the determining factor only for 1000 seed weight (67.6% of the variance). The growing season duration, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and productivity depended more on the environments. Productivity formation patterns were basically the same at both sites: productivity of an accession depended on the number of pods, and 1000 seed weight was negatively related to the number of seeds per pod. The growing season in Maikop depended on the flowering-to-ripening period (r = 0.73); in Astrakhan, on the sprouting-to-flowering period (r = 0.85). The duration of the sowing-to-sprouting and sprouting-to-flowering periods significantly correlated with mean temperatures (r = –0.87 and 0.87, respectively), while the flowering-to-ripening period did not depend on the mean temperature. Conclusion. Accessions relatively stable in their productivity and duration of the growing season were identified. They demonstrated both determinant and indeterminate growth, attesting to the prospects of breeding work with different common bean groups.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"38 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco","authors":"S. Bennani, M. Taghouti, F. Gaboun","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat. Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022. Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction ( P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha −1 yr −1 (0.75% yr –1 ) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr –1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr –1 ). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr –1 ), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001). Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"M. Contreras-Rojas, D. G.G. Guzmán, S. A. Salazar Mercado","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124","url":null,"abstract":"Background. This work aimed at using Hayman’s methodology to study the inheritance of some quantitative traits, such as the number of pods per plant, pod length, mean pod weight, and yield per plant in 15 diallel hybrids of six green bean cultivars. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Experimental Center of Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Palmira (CEUNP). A randomized complete block experimental design with four replications was used. Results. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H 1 < H 2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H 2 /4H 1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2) for most char- acters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olga P. Mitrofanova (celebrating the 75th birthday)","authors":"E. Zuev, O. A. Lyapunova, E. Khlestkina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-251-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-251-256","url":null,"abstract":"   On June 3, 2023, we celebrated the 75th birthday of Olga Pavlovna Mitrofanova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher of the VIR Department of Wheat Genetic Resources.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79284202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruits of the future: the results of the project ‘Fruits in line with science’","authors":"N. Tikhonova, Y. Ukhatova, A. Zavarzin, D. Vladimirov, A. Iurmanov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-245-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-245-250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85801688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of wild carrots Daucus carota L. over the territory of the Russian Federation","authors":"N. Luneva, E. N. Mysnik","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-204-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-204-212","url":null,"abstract":"   A map showing the zone of the main distribution of wild carrots Daucus carota L. in the Russian Federation was compiled on the basis of the materials available in open-access scientific publications. According to the data on the frequency of the species’ occurrence in a separate area, found in published sources, the zone of the main distribution was divided into the optimum zone, where the species occurred with the “frequently” indicators, and the pessimum zone, where it occurred with the “rarely” indicators. The locations of single finds of the species listed in areas outside the main distribution zone were marked using information from the GBIF international database. Since wild carrots are both wild relatives of cultivated carrots and weedy plants, the presented map will be in demand among both plant breeders and plant protection experts.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective leaf rust resistance genes of wheat in Novosibirsk Province in connection with the variability of the Puccinia triticina population","authors":"L. P. Sochalova, N. Boyko, A. A. Poteshkina, V. Piskarev","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-235-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-235-244","url":null,"abstract":"   Background. Information on the races of Puccinia triticina Erikss. in Novosibirsk Province is needed to identify sources of effective genes for leaf rust resistance. The goal hereof was monitoring genetic variability of the P. triticina population in the Ob riverside forest-steppe, Novosibirsk Province, and detecting effective resistance genes to develop wheat cultivars resistant to the disease.   Materials and methods. In 2015–2019, affliction of Thatcher lines (Tc) and cultivars under the disease pressure was assessed, and P. triticina structure in the Ob forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Province was monitored. P. triticina genotypes were identified using the Long–Kolmer system. Additionally, a set of cultivars with the Lr19, Lr20, Lr28, Lr39; 6 – Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, andLrSp2 genes was employed.   Results. A high frequency of virulence was detected for cultivars with the Lr3ka, Lr10, Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr11, Lr18, Lr20, Lr30, Lr16, Lr17, and LrB genes (66.7–100 %). The P. triticina structure consisted of 27 races, including 12 common ones: TGTT GB, TGTR GB, TQTT GB, TQTR GB, TGPT GB, THFR GB, KHTT GB, PHKT GB, PQTT GB, THTP BB, PGFR GB, and SGPR GB. Genotypes with the Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, Lr39, Lr42, Lr12, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr35, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr52, LrSp2, Lr6Agi1+Lr19, Lr6Agi2+Lr10+Lr34, Lr11+Lr13+Lr22a, Lr13+LrTb, Lr24+Lr26, Lr37+Lr13, Lr37+Lr1, Lr34+Lr13, Lr43+Lr24, and Lr49+Lr34 genes were resistant to P. triticina under the infection pressure. Some wheat genotypes varied in leaf rust resistance across the years (0–5 % for TcLr29 and TcLr21, 0–10 % for CSP 44 and TcLr44, 0–20 % for TcLr13, 1–30 % for TcLr37, and 15–80 % for Pavon F 76).   Conclusion. The local leaf rust population has changed slightly over the years of study (the Lr18 and Lr38 genes have lost resistance), and was very different from the population before 2010.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84462993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of weeds from the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) found in the agrocenoses of the Russian Federation","authors":"А. L. Ebel, T. V. Ebel, S. Mikhailova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-213-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-213-225","url":null,"abstract":"   Members of the Brassicaceae family are of great significance as weeds and invasive plants; they are one of the leading families of the alien fraction in the segetal floras of various regions of Russia. Among the cruciferous weeds growing over Russia, there are many species that are wild relatives to cultivated plants. Some cultivated species grow outside of their cultivation areas as ruderal and segetal plants. Among the cruciferous plants growing in Russia, 28 species out of 19 genera are regulated as harmful organisms in 33 different countries. Most of the species from this list are widespread weeds in Russia. To establish the presence of Brassicaceae species in Russian agrocenoses, we analyzed published sources, herbarium materials stored in the Russian leading herbaria, and materials collected by the authors during field explorations in 2017–2022 in 19 subject entities of the Russian Federation.   Identification of cruciferous plants is often a rather difficult task, so the goal of this work was to develop a convenient identification key that would make in possible to identify weeds of this family found in Russian agrocenoses.   Most of the available keys are designed for fruit-bearing specimens of cruciferous plants. For phytosanitary purposes, it is important to identify plants prior to their fruiting period. Therefore, we additionally used the characters of flowering plants (including their vegetative organs) enabling us to identify cruciferous plants at the flowering stage. Based on such features, a table was made, which included all weedy species of Brassicaceae found in agrocenoses within Russia (83 species in total). On the basis of this table, an identification key was produced for the identification of genera and some species of weedy cruciferous plants. Afterwards, fractional species-specific keys were made for the genera containing species controllable in importing countries.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79547401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}