Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding最新文献_第6页

Inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in barley accessions from Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚大麦品种对白粉病的幼年抗性遗传

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-116-123

R. A. Abdullaev, O. V. Yakovleva, T. Lebedeva

{"title":"Inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in barley accessions from Ethiopia","authors":"R. A. Abdullaev, O. V. Yakovleva, T. Lebedeva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-116-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-116-123","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the key food crops, ranking fourth in the world in terms of sown area and production among cereals. Often, one of the main factors that reduces yield and product quality is the spread of fungal pathogens in commercial crops. Powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) is considered one of the most common and harmful among barley diseases. Plant resistance to B. graminis limits the spread of the disease, and the development of resistant cultivars prevents a decrease in plant productivity. The specificity of the host–pathogen relationship and the loss of efficiency in many genes determine the need for a continuous study of previously unexplored local barley forms and a search for new, most effective resistance genes.Materials and methods. The genetic control of juvenile resistance to B. graminis was studied in 14 accessions of spring barley from the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) center of crop origin. The natural population of the pathogen served as infectious material for infecting barley. The intensity and nature of sporulation as well as the qualitative reactions of plant tissues in response to the penetration of the fungus (necrosis and chlorosis) were accepted as indicators of resistance in the accessions. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The genetic control of the resistance trait was studied using the method of hybridological analysis followed by statistical processing.Results and conclusions. Barleys from the Ethiopian center of morphogenesis are characterized by great genetic diversity. Studying the inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew made it possible to ascertain the monogenic control of the trait in all studied forms. Ten barley accessions with one effective recessive resistance allele and four with the dominant control of the trait may be recommended for immunity-targeted breeding.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"63 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of variability in agronomic characters of millet cv. ‘Gorlinka’ under the climate conditions of the southern part of the East European Plain 东欧平原南部气候条件下 "戈林卡 "小米品种农艺特征的变异动态

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-31-44

T. V. Kulemina

{"title":"Dynamics of variability in agronomic characters of millet cv. ‘Gorlinka’ under the climate conditions of the southern part of the East European Plain","authors":"T. V. Kulemina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-31-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-31-44","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The change of temperature conditions is cyclic by nature. Since the 1970s this process has been intensifying several times faster towards global climate warming. The effect of high temperature and drought is expected to lead to undesirable consequences for the economy, a decrease in yields, and a threat to food security. This aspect requires an assessment of the ongoing climate changes and identification of the causes that induce the response of plants to them.Materials and methods. The zoned millet cultivar ‘Gorlinka’ served as the material for this study. Variability was assessed from 2001 through 2019 for such characters as the duration of the growing season, grain yield, grain size, and plant height. The cultivar was tested according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results and conclusion. The climate change in the southern part of the East European Plain (Tambov Province) from 2001 to 2019 towards warming in June under sufficient moisture (HTC = 1.26) did not significantly affect the duration of the growing season or grain yield of cv. ‘Gorlinka’.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The trait-specific collection of large-seeded sunflower at VIR: ba source for breeding cultivars and hybrids VIR 的大籽向日葵特异性收集：培育栽培品种和杂交种的宝库

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-64-78

V. Gavrilova, L. G. Makarova, T. G. Stupnikova, N. Alpatieva, E. B. Kusnetsova, I. Anisimova

{"title":"The trait-specific collection of large-seeded sunflower at VIR: ba source for breeding cultivars and hybrids","authors":"V. Gavrilova, L. G. Makarova, T. G. Stupnikova, N. Alpatieva, E. B. Kusnetsova, I. Anisimova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-64-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-64-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, an increase has been observed in the share of sunflower seeds in the confectionery and food industries. There are 30 cultivars and only 3 hybrids for confectionery use among 839 zoned sunflower cultivars and hybrids listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in 2023. Thus, the development of source material for breeding large-seeded cultivars and hybrids remains a relevant task.Materials and methods. The studied material included 90 accessions selected for their large seed size from VIR’s sunflower collection. The following characters were assessed: 1000 seed weight, days from sprouting to maturation, plant height, head diameter, cypsela color and size, and resistance to downy mildew. DNA markers were used to identify accessions with the Rf1 gene and CMS.Results. Accessions k-2818 (Primorsky Territory), k-3633, k-3748, k-3782 (China), and k-3578 (Ukraine) were the best in 1000 seed weight. Russian cvs. ‘Alekseyevsky Krupnoplodny 2’ (k-3552), ‘Gyar-Gyar’ (k-1589), ‘SPK’ (k-3426), and ‘Lakomka’ (k-3526) confirmed their large seed size. The sterile type of cytoplasm was identified in 12 accessions. Fourteen accessions with fertile cytoplasm had diagnostic markers of the nuclear Rf1 gene.Conclusion. The large-seeded cultivars developed at VNIIMK, ‘SPK’, ‘Lakomka’, and k-3782 from China were the best not only in their large seed size but also in downy mildew resistance. As a result of long-term studies, a trait-specific collection was established for the large seed size trait. It included 90 accessions that can be used in the development of confectionery cultivars. Large-seeded sunflower accessions carrying the Rf1 gene were identified. Some of them became the ancestors of donor lines for both pollen fertility restoration genes and large seed size.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"66 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anatomy, ploidy level, and essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ in vitro and ex situ 体外和离体 Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ的解剖、倍性水平和精油成分

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-21-30

I. Bulavin, N. N. Ivanova, N. Miroshnichenko, N. M. Saplev, S. A. Feskov

{"title":"Anatomy, ploidy level, and essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ in vitro and ex situ","authors":"I. Bulavin, N. N. Ivanova, N. Miroshnichenko, N. M. Saplev, S. A. Feskov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-21-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-21-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Clonal micropropagation is a biotechnological method for plant multiplication. The existing data on the structure of organs in vitro, genetic stability, and essential oil composition are limited for Hyssopus officinalis L., so this study was aimead at investigating these aspects under a short period of in vitro culturing.Materials and methods. Plants of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ cultivated ex situ, in vitro and ex vitro were analyzed. Conventional methods were applied to study plant anatomy, ploidy level, and relative DNA content, as well as to extract and analyze essential oil. Statistical analysis was performed using the Past 4.03 software.Results. According to the results obtained, with 6-BAP introduced into MS nutrient medium in optimal concentrations (0.3– 0.5 mg/L), the general in vitro structure of leaf blades in the developed microshoots was similar to those in ex situ plants, while the qualitative and quantitative changes observed were induced by the effect of specific culturing conditions and plant rejuvenation. The analysis of the ploidy level and relative DNA content in the nuclei isolated from the leaf tissue cells of the microshoots ex vitro after adaptation revealed no changes compared to the ex situ leaf parameters. The mass fraction of essential oil and its component composition in the mother plants and ex vitro regenerants were similar.Conclusion. Cultivation of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ microshoots on MS nutrient medium with 6-BAP optimal concentrations promotes morphogenesis without significant deviations in the ploidy level, relative DNA content, essential oil yield, or its component composition. The developed protocol for clonal micropropagation of Hyssopus officinalis ʻNikitskiy Beliyʼ provides clones identical to the ex situ plants.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fruit and seed plumpness, germination and viability of rare plants in Yakutia 雅库特珍稀植物的果实和种子丰满度、发芽率和存活率

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-12-20

D. Androsova, N. S. Danilova, K. G. Tkachenko, N. E. Staroverov, A. Y. Gryaznov

{"title":"Fruit and seed plumpness, germination and viability of rare plants in Yakutia","authors":"D. Androsova, N. S. Danilova, K. G. Tkachenko, N. E. Staroverov, A. Y. Gryaznov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-12-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-12-20","url":null,"abstract":"Background. With the increasing anthropogenic impact on nature, conservation and renewal of rare and endangered plants in natural cenoses is an urgent problem. Quality assessment, identification of full-fledged plump seeds, and determination of their viability is the way to develop reproduction technologies and provide a possibility of repatriating these species to their natural habitats. Collecting and studying natural flora species in botanical gardens helps to save biological resources of useful species and recommend them for urban landscaping.Materials and methods. X-ray techniques were used to analyze seed quality and viability of rare species in the flora of Yakutia: Adonis sibirica Patrin, Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Steph. ex Spreng.) Koso-Pol., Iris laevigata Fisch. et C.A. Mey., Iris sanguinea Donn, and Paeonia anomala L. Methods developed for the application of microfocus radiography to fruits and seeds were used in the X-ray analysis.Results. Seed quality was assessed according to guidelines. It was shown that fruits and seeds of the studied species developed under the conditions of Yakutia were full-fledged (plump), but due to the presence of a morphophysiological type of dormancy in them, they could germinate only after a cold or multistage stratification.Conclusion. Assessment of reproductive diaspore quality and viability in rare and endangered plant species of Yakutia will make it possible to develop technologies for increasing their seed germination rates and restoring the natural populations of these species.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"60 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduktory article by the Editor-in-chief, dedicated to the 115th anniversary of the journal 主编撰写的介绍文章，献给杂志创刊 115 周年

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-11-11

E. K. Khlestkina

引用次数: 0

Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments 根据不同生态地理环境中的打顶日期和生长期长短对春季面包小麦基因型进行排序

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-79-89

L. Novikova, E. Zuev, A. N. Brykova

{"title":"Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments","authors":"L. Novikova, E. Zuev, A. N. Brykova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-79-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-79-89","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Adaptation of spring bread wheat cultivars to climate change requires a study of the factors affecting the length of their growing season in various environments. An attempt is made to analyze regularities in the effect of ecogeographic conditions on the correlations shown by the duration of the growing season and interphase periods in spring bread wheat genotypes.Materials and methods. Correlation coefficients were studied for the impact of the environment and temperature on the duration of the interphase periods from sprouting to heading (SH) and from heading to yellow ripeness (HR) versus the period from sprouting to yellow ripeness (SR) in VIR’s wheat collection across 18 sites located in Russia and Uzbekistan from 41 to 60°N and from 30 to 135°E. The effect of the genotype and year on SH and HR was studied, and agrometeorological regression models of SH and HR were constructed, based on the data obtained during the studies of the collection in St. Petersburg in 1945–2021.Results. For the sites below 52–54°N, the SR/SH correlation coefficient was generally higher than SR/HR, and in the upper latitudes it was vice versa. The change in the ratio of coefficients occurred due to an increase in the interannual variability of HR at lower temperatures. The effect of HR on SR became greater than that of SH at temperatures below 18°С during HR. The data of a long-term study in St. Petersburg demonstrated that the effect of the genotype on SH was 18.9%, with 68.9% of the year, and the effect of the factors on HR was 4.1 and 71.3%, respectively. Regression models showed that HR was determined by temperature for at least 81%, while SH had a lower coefficient of determination by weather (56%).Conclusion. Ranking of wheat genotypes according to their heading time reflected their differentiation in earliness. A significant contribution of HR was conspicuous under temperatures below 18°C after heading at latitudes above 52–54°N.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"61 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of irrigation frequency on growth and yields of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin 灌溉频率对罗丹芋（Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin）生长和产量的影响

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-53-63

G. Shen, F. Zheng, L. Zhou, X. Zeng, N. G. Konkova

引用次数: 0

Weight method for determination of soluble β-glucans in barley grain 测定大麦粒中可溶性β-葡聚糖的重量法

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-45-52

V. S. Popov, A. V. Konarev, O. N. Kovaleva, N. G. Konkova, V. Khoreva

{"title":"Weight method for determination of soluble β-glucans in barley grain","authors":"V. S. Popov, A. V. Konarev, O. N. Kovaleva, N. G. Konkova, V. Khoreva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-45-52","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important source of nutrients, such as starch, protein, and various dietary fibers. β-Glucans are soluble fibers found in high amounts in oat and barley grain, so they are becoming increasingly interesting due to their numerous functional and bioactive properties. The increased interest in β-glucans as a dietary supplement and a functional component of food calls for a convenient, inexpensive and affordable method for quantitative determination of these compounds.Materials and methods. An overview is given on the existing techniques for determining and isolating β-glucans in cereals: IR spectroscopy, enzymatic, colorimetric, and alkaline-enzymatic methods. Their advantages and disadvantages are shown. The disadvantages of the methods considered include high costs of reagents and equipment, duration of performance, and labor intensity.Results. This study promotes the weight method for isolation and quantitative determination of β-glucans in the grain of covered and naked barley. It is based on the modified alkaline method adapted to barley; we developed it earlier for oat grain. The amount of β-glucans in the grain of the studied barley accessions ranged from 4.12±0.23% to 5.34 ± 0.31% for naked cultivars, and from 3.57 ± 0.18% to 4.29 ± 0.32% for covered ones.Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, optimal conditions for the isolation and quantitative determination of β-glucans from barley grain were selected: centrifugation modes, temperature and extraction ratio, concentration of compounds, precipitation and drying procedures. The main advantage of the described method is its accessibility and practical applicability when conducting mass analysis, including studying a collection of cereal crops.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying self-fertility in new black currant cultivars from the VIR collection in Northwestern Russia 研究俄罗斯西北部 VIR 黑醋栗新品种的自交能力

Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-90-102

O. Tikhonova

{"title":"Studying self-fertility in new black currant cultivars from the VIR collection in Northwestern Russia","authors":"O. Tikhonova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-90-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-90-102","url":null,"abstract":"Background. An important task is to search for and select highly self-fertile cultivars for plant breeding programs and for setting single-cultivar plantings in commercial horticulture.Materials and methods. Cultivars were assessed for their self-fertility levels at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR in 2019–2022. Thirty black currant cultivars of eight genetic groups served as the research material. Their levels of self-fertility were tested using conventional techniques. Free pollination served as the control. The resulting data were analyzed according to the main indicators crucial for precise characterization of a cultivar’s self-fertility level: fruit setting rate, berry weight, seed yield, and fertilization effectiveness. The data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel and the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov. Fruit setting rate, berry weight, seed yield and fertilization effectiveness were considered for each pollination variant.Results and conclusion. Cultivars with high and stable self-fertility levels were identified as potential valuable sources for breeding programs: ‘Partizanka Bryanskaya’ (k-45548), ‘Ben Gairn’(k-45524), ‘Litvinovskaya’ (k-45542), ‘Mushketer’ (k-45544), ‘Raduzhnaya’ (k-45549), ‘Ben Lomond’ (k-32611), and ‘Vertikal’ (k-45528). Cvs. ‘Partizanka Bryanskaya’ (k-45548), ‘Ben Gairn’ (k-45524), ‘Mushketer’ (k-45544), and ‘Vertikal’ (k-45528) may be used in single-cultivar plantings because they are able to set the same number of berries under natural self-pollination and free pollination. Natural self-pollination (autogamy) led to a decrease in the size of berries and the number of seeds in them. An increase in the main self-fertility indicators was observed under artificial self-pollination and free pollination.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"68 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0