{"title":"Chapter 2: How Upper Levels Strive to Influence Law-Making at the Lower Levels and Why Lower Levels Can’t Have Cake and Eat It","authors":"E. Schmid","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-43","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I ask whether there are commonalities of how various upper levels attempt and often succeed in ensuring legislative implementation at the lower levels and what this means for the complex situation in which domestic legislators find themselves in today’s multi-level settings. I explain the selection of three variants of normative levels that can play the role of upper levels: 1) federal law in a federal country, 2) EU law and 3) public international law and I sketch the argument that all three of these upper levels – through a variety of conceptual manifestations – strive to ensure the effectivity of their legal sources at the lower level. Based on this premise, I then present four groups of mechanisms and instruments that these upper levels employ in order to increase the chances that lower level legislators comply. For each group of approaches, I identify the most common concerns from the perspective of the lower level. The chapter concludes with some reflections on this state of affairs and its relationship with the current backlash against international and regional law.","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 9: The Phenomenon of ʻDirective-like Recommendationsʼ and their Implementation: Lessons from Hungarian Legislative Practice","authors":"P. Láncos","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123441942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 4: Multi-level lawmaking and Better Regulation in the European Union: a critical approach","authors":"Maria Mousmouti","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 7: Hybrid and neutral language(s) in EU Multi-Level Legislative Drafting","authors":"Agnieszka Doczekalska","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 6: A critical analysis of EU regulation","authors":"Markéta Whelanová","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 11: Transposition of EU Legislation into domestic law: Challenges faced by National Parliaments","authors":"W. Voermans","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131427229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 13: Regulating Private Law. The Rise of Regulations and their Impact on National Codifications","authors":"R. D. Graaff, D. Verheij","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-273","url":null,"abstract":"The spirit of codification is still strong on the continent. Over the past decades, many countries have reformed their civil codes. The Netherlands (1992), Germany (2002), Romania (2011), the Czech Republic (2014), and Hungary (2014) are just a few examples. Important new reforms are currently making their way through the legislative process. The French government wishes to complement the recently introduced law of contract with a new law of delict. The Belgian government even intends to introduce a fresh codification embracing the whole of private law. These efforts are made against the background of an expanding body of secondary EU law. Since the 1980s, a range of directives has been introduced in order to improve the functioning of the internal market. Many of these directives regulate private law matters, such as misleading advertising, unfair commercial practices, the liability for the infringement of competition law and the return of cultural property. Over the past ten years, the Union legislature has developed a preference for using regulations rather than directives. This development can be seen in the areas of transport, consumer protection, judicial cooperation in civil matters and the internal market more broadly. As a result, important areas of private law are now governed by regulations, not by directives. The legislative shift from directives to regulations raises important questions that have, so far, received little attention, at least not from the perspective of private law. What does the preference for regulations entail for the future of the national civil codes? What impact does this development have on the clarity, accessibility and consistency of the current systems of private law, both at the European level and within the national legal orders? How can national legislatures and courts deal with this development? How can academics pay attention to these regulations in their education Chapter 13:","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127244574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 12: How to reconcile the drafting rules and practices of the Member-States with the rules and practices of the EU?","authors":"R. Lanceiro","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 10: Multilevel consultation procedures at the EU level and their contribution in copyright law making","authors":"N. Koutras","doi":"10.5771/9783748900863-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900863-219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":364940,"journal":{"name":"Lawmaking in Multi-level Settings","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}