West Indian Journal of Engineering最新文献_第3页

Challenges to Alternative Fuel Vehicle Usage in Trinidad 特立尼达使用替代燃料汽车的挑战

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/yjdc3406

Kohan Dolcy, T. Townsend

{"title":"Challenges to Alternative Fuel Vehicle Usage in Trinidad","authors":"Kohan Dolcy, T. Townsend","doi":"10.47412/yjdc3406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47412/yjdc3406","url":null,"abstract":"The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago has set itself some lofty targets in terms of reducing CO2 emissions from public transportation by 2030. Several initiatives have been launched since 2015 in order to fulfill these targets. One key strategy is the adoption of a higher percentage of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) into the overall fleet of vehicles. This article reviews the history and implementation of the various AFV oriented policies and examines the effectiveness of these initiatives. The authors describe the current state of the motorised vehicle fleet in terms of fuel type and highlight where adoption levels have fallen short of the target. The percentage of AVFs per public transit mode ranges from about 2 to 20 percent, where the higher percent represents the CNG buses belonging to the Public Transport Service Corporation (PTSC). In Trinidad, the natural gas supply is already well-established, refuelling stations are in operation and up to 20 original equipment manufacturer CNG vehicles are available on the market, supplemented by the option of vehicle conversion. The opposite is true for electric vehicles. The article further identifies the four key issues affecting the improved adoption of AFVs namely: (i) Fuel Prices (ii) Availability of Alternative Fuels, (iii) Consumer Perception and Resistance, and (iv) Lack of Institutional Support. In addition to presenting the proposals by others for improvements to the local transportation system, the authors recommend six key actions that should be taken to achieve the targets set for 2021 and beyond.","PeriodicalId":364752,"journal":{"name":"West Indian Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113987245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applied Mathematical Model for Solar Energy Collection and Thermal Storage 太阳能集热应用数学模型

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/cnlp6848

Adrian Lutchman, E. John, B. Aufderheide

{"title":"Applied Mathematical Model for Solar Energy Collection and Thermal Storage","authors":"Adrian Lutchman, E. John, B. Aufderheide","doi":"10.47412/cnlp6848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47412/cnlp6848","url":null,"abstract":"Solar thermal storage systems (STSS) are renewable energy systems that provide a continuous, controllable source of heat for many applications. The inherent variability of solar insolation poses a challenge to the use of direct solar power for continuous operations. A dynamic non-linear model of the STSS was initialised via a steady state analysis and verified by drying 1000 kg of cocoa beans per batch from 60% to 8% moisture content. Ambient temperature and insolation data for Trinidad in 2017 were used as inputs. This was achieved by modifying flow rates, varying aspect ratio of the storage tank, and observing their effect on storage tank temperature profiles and drying air temperatures. The steady state analysis determined the tank volume as 12.57 m3 and a required mass airflow rate of 1020 kg/h. A dynamic model of the STSS revealed an optimal tank aspect ratio of 2:4 m (D: H) and that three AE-40 solar collectors were sufficient. The effect of the circulation rate between the storage tank and solar collectors on energy storage was found to be negligible. The need for temperature control was demonstrated and a control strategy developed. A pilot plant was built using recommended specifications, albeit without temperature control. As predicted, drying was more than sufficient, but poor control led to burnt cocoa beans. The application of this work extends well beyond the cocoa bean test case, and the open-source models built can be applied to optimise the design of any solar heating application.","PeriodicalId":364752,"journal":{"name":"West Indian Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130840976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Productivity Modelling: A Health Systems Focus in Small Island Developing States 生产力模型:小岛屿发展中国家卫生系统的重点

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/hsqw4764

Ruel L. A. Ellis, Nishanie Mohammed

引用次数: 0

A Meshfree Approach for Simulating Fluid Flow in Fractured Porous Media 裂隙多孔介质中流体流动模拟的无网格方法

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/qpcd7447

A. R. Lamb, D. Villarroel-Lamb

引用次数: 0

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Protein Isolate from Ackee (Blighia sapida) Seed 桦树种子分离蛋白的理化性质及功能特性研究

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/ajtd3244

O. Falloon, S. Mujaffar, D. Minott

{"title":"Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Protein Isolate from Ackee (Blighia sapida) Seed","authors":"O. Falloon, S. Mujaffar, D. Minott","doi":"10.47412/ajtd3244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47412/ajtd3244","url":null,"abstract":"Ackee seeds are a major waste of the ackee canning industry. The seeds bio-accumulate the toxin hypoglycin but are also a potential source of protein. The objective of this study was to produce a protein isolate from the ackee seed and determine the chemical and functional properties of the isolate. Proteins were extracted from the defatted ackee seed flour using sodium borate buffer (pH 10.0, 50 mM) and aqueous ethanol (75% v/v). The protein isolate was then dried under vacuum and milled into a powder. The ackee seed protein isolate contained low molecular weight proteins comprising principally glutamic acid, arginine, glycine and aspartic acid with hypoglycin content within regulatory limits. Ackee seed protein powder, in comparison to soy protein isolate, demonstrated high solubility, formed stable emulsions and demonstrated good foaming properties, particularly at acidic pH values, making it suitable for use in acidic foods such as fruit juices, beverages and yoghurts. The purity (g protein/100 g isolate) of the ackee seed protein isolate was found to be lower than that of the commercial soybean protein isolate while higher quantities of fat and ash were present in the soybean protein isolate. The water and oil absorption capacities (g/g isolate) of ackee seed protein were lower than those of the commercial soybean protein isolate. Hypoglycin content in the ackee seed protein isolate was determined to be below the commercial standard for ackee products.","PeriodicalId":364752,"journal":{"name":"West Indian Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127805002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Development of a Non-invasive Glucometer System 无创血糖仪系统的设计与开发

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47412/icpw8648

Abiodun O. Ogunsanya, Deborah O. Daramola

{"title":"Design and Development of a Non-invasive Glucometer System","authors":"Abiodun O. Ogunsanya, Deborah O. Daramola","doi":"10.47412/icpw8648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47412/icpw8648","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of Covid-19 disease has caused issues in public health, and its impact has grown in population with non-communicable diseases like diabetes, a life-threatening condition, worldwide. Individuals in low-income countries with limited diagnosis and monitoring systems require continuous and regular blood glucose monitoring. Invasive or minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring has been utilised with good accuracy but a high risk of infections and complications. Non-invasive monitoring technology is critical and recommended worldwide, with the potential of improving safety and reducing workload in blood glucose control. The design, development, and evaluation analysis of a non-invasive GSM (Glucose Screening Measurement) module glucometer using near-infrared sensors at 1550nm wavelength as an emitter, transmitting through the fingertip and the ATMega38 microcontroller as the controller to determine the glucose level in human blood are presented in this study. A total of forty individuals were recruited in the investigation. Repeatability, validity, and reliability were evaluated using the Bland and Altman Analysis, the concurrent validity, and the reliability analysis. Passing and Boblok Regression Analysis was used to assess the statistical significance further. Repeatability showed no significant difference with a 95% confidence interval and 0.6895 bias. The linear relationship showed 99.72% agreement and 99.9% reliability using regression analysis. This study revealed that using a non-invasive GSM module glucometer to measure blood glucose effectively enhances patient surveillance in diabetes insulin treatment.","PeriodicalId":364752,"journal":{"name":"West Indian Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115456995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Advancing the Ultra High Frequency RFID in Industrial Applications: A Review 超高频射频识别技术在工业应用中的进展

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.47412/pwpg5760

Tracy Aleong, Kit Fai Pun

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Paired Next Generation Firewalls in Securing Industrial Automation and Control Systems: A Case Study 配对下一代防火墙在保护工业自动化和控制系统中的有效性:一个案例研究

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.47412/marq2173

Eddison Jaggernauth, Sean Rocke

{"title":"Effectiveness of Paired Next Generation Firewalls in Securing Industrial Automation and Control Systems: A Case Study","authors":"Eddison Jaggernauth, Sean Rocke","doi":"10.47412/marq2173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47412/marq2173","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial automation and control systems (IACS) are oftentimes the backbone of businesses and critical infrastructure (CI) around the world. They underpin control of nuclear plants, refineries, manufacturing and distribution systems. Today, organisations are routinely targeted by cyber-attackers. Cyberattacks have been increasing in frequency and sophistication. This is especially true of those attacks directed against high-profile operations such as petrochemical refineries. Attackers invest considerable time and money to study a target and probe inherent weaknesses, which they eventually attempt, and succeed in some cases, to exploit. Historically, industrial networks were kept separate from corporate networks. However, significant efficiency gains and demands for digital interconnectivity have driven a convergence between operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) systems. The business of cybersecurity has been evolving dramatically, posing significant challenges to management teams, across all industries and business domains. Countries within the Caribbean, such as Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), are by no means an exception given their dependence on the energy sector and supporting IACSs. This paper examines the effectiveness of next generation firewalls (NGFWs) in their defense of Process Control Networks (PCNs) against malware. It focuses on the case of a process plant complex in T&T.","PeriodicalId":364752,"journal":{"name":"West Indian Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121328912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barbados towards 100% Renewable Energy: Case Scenarios for 2030 National Energy Target Plans 巴巴多斯迈向100%可再生能源:2030年国家能源目标计划的案例情景

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.47412/bgee6760

S. Marshall, R. Koon Koon

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Emerging Landscape of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Trinidad and Tobago 特立尼达和多巴哥无人机系统新兴景观评估

West Indian Journal of Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.47412/mtnv5056

R. Al-Tahir, Giatri K. Lalla

引用次数: 0