Design and Development of a Non-invasive Glucometer System

Abstract

The outbreak of Covid-19 disease has caused issues in public health, and its impact has grown in population with non-communicable diseases like diabetes, a life-threatening condition, worldwide. Individuals in low-income countries with limited diagnosis and monitoring systems require continuous and regular blood glucose monitoring. Invasive or minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring has been utilised with good accuracy but a high risk of infections and complications. Non-invasive monitoring technology is critical and recommended worldwide, with the potential of improving safety and reducing workload in blood glucose control. The design, development, and evaluation analysis of a non-invasive GSM (Glucose Screening Measurement) module glucometer using near-infrared sensors at 1550nm wavelength as an emitter, transmitting through the fingertip and the ATMega38 microcontroller as the controller to determine the glucose level in human blood are presented in this study. A total of forty individuals were recruited in the investigation. Repeatability, validity, and reliability were evaluated using the Bland and Altman Analysis, the concurrent validity, and the reliability analysis. Passing and Boblok Regression Analysis was used to assess the statistical significance further. Repeatability showed no significant difference with a 95% confidence interval and 0.6895 bias. The linear relationship showed 99.72% agreement and 99.9% reliability using regression analysis. This study revealed that using a non-invasive GSM module glucometer to measure blood glucose effectively enhances patient surveillance in diabetes insulin treatment.