Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Implementation of Motorized Vehicle Tax Payments Through Samsat Bunda at UPT Madiun Regional Revenue Management","authors":"Devia Hestina Arinda","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v4i1.43279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i1.43279","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The complexity of the bureaucracy of motorized vehicle tax payment services in the view of ordinary people is the main attraction of this research. Real-time services to taxpayers continue to be carried out by the Regional Revenue Agency of East Java Province, where technically, local tax collection is carried out by the Regional Revenue Management Technical Implementation Unit and the Joint One-Stop Administrative System Office (Samsat). The Samsat Bunda service results from a collaboration between the Regional Revenue Agency and State-Owned Enterprises, and the private sector with Village-Owned Enterprises to facilitate the payment of motor vehicle tax for taxpayers in villages. This research aims to achieve the successful implementation of Samsat Bunda in the work area of UPT Madiun Regional Revenue Management as a non-cash way of paying motorized vehicle taxes with unlimited service time and space. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, explaining the research data carried out by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the Samsat Bunda implementation has been done well and can be a solution for people far from the reach of conventional Madiun Samsat services. On the other hand, the results of the revenue realization from the collection of motorized vehicle tax through Samsat Bunda are still relatively small. However, there is progress in increasing the completion of revenue from tax assessment letters and the nominal rupiah paid. Apart from that, Samsat Bunda is not a priority and the leading choice for village communities as taxpayers in carrying out their tax-abiding obligations.\u0000Keywords: policy evaluation, motor vehicle tax, samsat bunda\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Abstrak\u0000 \u0000Rumitnya birokrasi pelayanan pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor dalam pandangan masyarakat awam menjadi daya tarik pada penelitian ini. Pelayanan secara real-time kepada wajib pajak terus dilakukan oleh Badan Pendapatan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur yang secara teknis pemungutan pajak daerahnya dilaksanakan oleh Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah dan Kantor Bersama Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap (Samsat). Layanan Samsat Bunda merupakan hasil kerjasama antara Badan Pendapatan Daerah dan Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan/atau sektor swasta dengan Badan Usaha Milik Desa untuk memudahkan pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor bagi wajib pajak yang berada di desa-desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan pencapaian keberhasilan pelaksanaan samsat bunda pada wilayah kerja UPT Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Madiun sebagai cara pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor secara non tunai dengan pelayanan tidak terbatas waktu pelayanan dan ruang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang akan menjelaskan data-data penelitian yang dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Samsat Bunda sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik dan dapat menjadi solusi bag","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115982875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration Between Actors in Prevention of Terrorism: A Study of the Involvement of Former Terrorist Convicts with the TNI in Deradicalization Activities in the TNI Manunggal Development Village Program","authors":"Muhammad Chusnul Khitam","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v4i1.46116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i1.46116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Collaboration between actors is needed for deradicalization programs, not only between institutional (institutional) actors but actors outside institutions need to be involved in the deradicalization process as a form of national resilience. This article discusses the involvement of former terrorist convicts (Napiters) who are members of the Circle of Peace Foundation (YLP) and the TNI (Indonesian National Army) in efforts to deradicalize the process through the TNI Manunggal Pembangunan Desa (TMMD) program. This research was conducted with the object of ex-terrorist convicts by conducting interviews, documentation studies, and observations. The analysis of this research uses a collaborative governance theory approach as an analytical knife with qualitative research methods. \u0000Keywords: Actor collaboration, TNI, former terrorist convicts, deradicalization \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000  \u0000 Kolaborasi antar aktor diperlukan untuk program deradikalisasi, tidak hanya antar aktor institusional (kelembagaan) tetapi aktor diluar kelembagaan perlu dilibatkan untuk proses deradikalisasi sebagai wujud ketahanan nasional. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pelibatan mantan narapidana teroris (Napiter) yang tergabung dalam Yayasan Lingkar Perdamaian (YLP) dan TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) dalam upaya proses deradikalisasi melalui program TNI Manunggal Membangun Desa (TMMD). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan obyek mantan narapidana teroris dengan melakukan wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan observasi. Analisa penelitian ini dengan pendekatan teori collaborative governance sebagai pisau analisis dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa sinergitas antara TNI dengan mantan narapidana teroris harus secara terpadu dan terintegrasi untuk proses deradikalisasi melalui program pelaksanaan TMMD sehingga terwujudnya ketahanan nasional. \u0000  \u0000Kata kunci: Kolaborasi aktor, TNI, mantan narapidana teroris, deradikalisasi. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical study juxtaposing the importance of implementing an e-participation model by the government for compliance intention and satisfaction level among Djiboutian generation z","authors":"Kadir Aden","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v4i1.45776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i1.45776","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000This research is among the very few studies seeking a focalized exploration of the impact of e-participation perception on satisfaction and compliance intention among the Djiboutian generation Z. To facilitate the task, our responders, which were encompassed of “n=469”; were requested to share their views about perceived accountability (PA), perceived transparency (PT), perceived quality deliverance (PQD) as well as how perceived sustainably innovative (PSI) their perception was when the current government embraces virtual community participatory platforms (EP). To answer the research objective and analyze the highly complex data, this research performed a structural equation model (SEM) by using Amos software. The finding projected that both perception accountability (PA) and perception transparency (PT) seldom influence compliance intention and have a negative effect, whereas only PT contributes positively to satisfaction among the z generation, thus further highlighting the complex status of compliance. On the other hand, PQD and PSI have a significant positive influence on Djibouti generation z compliance and satisfaction likelihood. It is hoped the empirical evidence of this research will provide the Djiboutian authority that an all-of-society approach incorporated with technology will enhance the government’s quality deliverance, at the same time, shape youth’s perception toward their representative and infuse a sustainable, healthy society based on collective cooperation and social cohesion.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: e-participation adoption, generation z, compliance intention, open government partnership, co-creation, SEM approach\u0000 \u0000Abstrak \u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini adalah salah satu dari sedikit studi yang mencari eksplorasi fokus dampak persepsi e-partisipasi terhadap kepuasan dan niat kepatuhan di antara generasi Z Djibouti. Untuk memfasilitasi tugas, responden kami terdiri dari “n=469”; diminta untuk berbagi pandangan mereka tentang persepsi akuntabilitas (PA), persepsi transparansi (PT), persepsi kualitas pengiriman (PQD) serta bagaimana persepsi inovasi berkelanjutan (PSI) persepsi mereka ketika pemerintah saat ini merangkul platform partisipasi komunitas virtual (EP). Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian dan menganalisis data yang sangat kompleks, penelitian ini melakukan model persamaan struktural (SEM) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Amos. Temuan memproyeksikan bahwa akuntabilitas persepsi (PA) dan transparansi persepsi (PT) jarang memengaruhi niat kepatuhan dan memiliki efek negatif, sedangkan hanya PT yang berkontribusi positif terhadap kepuasan di antara generasi z, ini semakin menyoroti status kepatuhan yang kompleks. Di sisi lain, PQD dan PSI memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kepatuhan dan kemungkinan kepuasan Djibouti generation z. Diharapkan bukti empiris dari penelitian ini akan memberikan otoritas Djibouti bahwa pendekatan semua masyarakat yang digabungkan dengan teknologi akan meningkatkan kualitas pemerintah, pad","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133797951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics Of State Civil Apparatus In Public Services In The Era Of Bureaucratic Reform","authors":"Esha Nanda Vebryna, Kirani Sisca Damayanti, Purwasih Diansiwi, Putri Rahma Sari, Endang Sholihatin","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v4i1.46112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i1.46112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The state civil apparatus, in its duties, serves the community and is a good liaison between the community and the government. Many service problems are known from complaints and reports from the public, which have caused a decrease in satisfaction with the community. Ethical issues in the interaction between public servants and the community are a factor influencing quality, as well as a measure of the government's success in fulfilling optimal public services. In practice, there are still obstacles to the effectiveness of public services, such as the inadequate implementation of ethics following applicable regulations. The reason for conducting this research is that public complaints are seen from the low rating of public services in the Mojo Village, Gubeng District, Surabaya, on the official website of the Mojo Village. The aims of the research are 1) to find out the ethics of the state civil apparatus in public service in the Mojo sub-district, Gubeng sub-district, Gubeng Surabaya, in serving the community; 2) to determine the level of community satisfaction with the services of the state civil apparatus in the Mojo Village, Gubeng District, Surabaya. This study used quantitative methods through a descriptive research approach to collect questionnaire data, documentation methods, and data analysis. The conclusions of the study: 1) the ethics of the state civil apparatus in public service in Kelurahan Mojo, Gubeng Sub-District, Surabaya, in serving the community is considered poor because 64.2% of respondents stated that the attitude they used did not apply the ethics of the state civil apparatus following the professional standards of public service \u0000  \u0000Keywords: ethics, state civil apparatus, public service \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000  \u0000Aparatur sipil negara dalam tugasnya melayani masyarakat dan menjadi penghubung yang baik antara masyarakat dan pemerintah. Banyak persoalan layanan yang diketahui dari aduan dan laporan masyarakat yang menyebabkan menurunnya kepuasan pada masyarakat. Persoalan etika dalam berinteraksi saat pelayan publik dengan masyarakat menjadi faktor pengaruh kualitas, serta tolak ukur keberhasilan pemerintah dalam memenuhi mengoptimalkan pelayanan publik. Pada praktiknya masih terdapat kendala penghambat efektivitas pelayanan publik, seperti belum memadainya implementasi etika yang sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Alasan melakukan penelitian ini, terdapat keluhan masyarakat dilihat dari rendahnya rating terhadap pelayanan publik di Kelurahan Mojo Kecamatan Gubeng Surabaya dalam laman web resmi Kelurahan Mojo. Tujuan penelitian 1) mengetahui etika aparatur sipil negara dalam pelayanan publik di kelurahan Mojo kecamatan Gubeng Surabaya Gubeng Surabaya dalam melayani masyarakat; 2) mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan aparatur sipil negara di Kelurahan Mojo Kecamatan Gubeng Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan penelitian deskriptif mengumpulkan data kuesioner, ","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130559919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Institutional Aspects in Handling COVID-19 in Taiwan and Indonesia","authors":"Neneng Heryati","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v4i1.43061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v4i1.43061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000World Health Organization(WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. It is important to consider government policies in handling COVID-19. Taiwan is a country that has succeeded in implementing policies to address COVID-19. Meanwhile, Indonesia still has to struggle in dealing with COVID-19, which until now is still increasing. Comparison between Taiwan and Indonesia in handling COVID-19 in institutional relations has similarities and differences. The policies taken by the governments of Taiwan and Indonesia are similar from an institutional perspective, namely by jointly forming a task team that involves several institutions and resources. While the difference is that in Taiwan, the command and coordination of inter-agency relations for handling the COVID-19 outbreak are under the control of the Minister of Health and Welfare. In contrast, in Indonesia, the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19 is led by the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). There is still an asymmetry in authority, institutional relations, and regulations in handling the COVID outbreak in Indonesia, so new rules and disaster management institutions are needed.\u0000Keywords: COVID-19, policy, institution, comparison, regulation\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Abstrak\u0000 \u0000World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai pandemik global.  Penting untuk mempertimbangkan kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanganan COVID-19. Taiwan termasuk negara yang berhasil dalam menerapkan kebijakan dalam penanganan COVID-19. Sedangkan Indonesia masih harus berjuang dalam menangani COVID-19 yang hingga saat ini yang masih meningkat. Perbandingan antara Taiwan dan Indonesia dalam penanganan COVID-19 dalam aspek hubungan kelembagaan ada persamaan dan perbedaan. Persamaan kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah Taiwan dan Indonesia dari sisi kelembagaan, yaitu dengan sama-sama membentuk tim tugas yang melibatkan beberapa lembaga dan sumberdaya di dalamnya. Sedangkan perbedaannya di Taiwan komando dan koordinasi hubungan antar lembaga untuk penanganan wabah COVID-19 di bawah kendali Menteri Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan sedangkan di Indonesia Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan COVID-19 di pimpin oleh Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). Masih adanya ketidaksinkronan kewenangan, hubungan kelembagaan dan regulasi dalam penanganan wabah COVID di Indonesia sehingga perlu regulasi baru dan penataan lembaga kebencanaan.\u0000 \u0000Kata kunci: COVID-19, kebijakan, kelembagaan, perbandingan, regulasi\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122565342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Services Bureaucracy Performance (Case Study Of Public Relation, Information And Public Communications in South Sulawesi Province)","authors":"Zainal Arifin Parebba, Hamsina, Badu Ahmad, Edhib Harits Anugrah","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v3i2.39590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v3i2.39590","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The research entitled Public Service Bureaucracy Performance (Case Study Of Public Information and Public Communications) has several problems, including the lack of maximum services provided by the communication and informatics department in terms of services to the community. Basically, research on the quality of public services is important to do, because the community as customer service has not been satisfied in terms of time, cost and quality of service that has been provided. For this reason, this research is aimed at improving the quality of public services, especially those carried out in the field of Public Relations, Information and Public Communication, South Sulawesi Province. To see the phenomenon above, the writer uses the Dwiyanto theory with five indicators, namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility and accountability. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results found are still rampant, sometimes admin operators are less responsive and sometimes operators do not understand that the report will be forwarded to the relevant agency. And the time of service is also not certain.\u0000 \u0000Abstrak\u0000Penelitian yang berjudul Kinerja Birokrasi Pelayanan Publik (Studi Kasus Informasi Publik dan Komunikasi Publik) memiliki beberapa permasalahan, antara lain kurang maksimalnya pelayanan yang diberikan oleh dinas komunikasi dan informatika dalam hal pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Pada dasarnya penelitian tentang kualitas pelayanan publik penting untuk dilakukan, karena masyarakat sebagai pelanggan pelayanan belum puas dalam hal waktu, biaya dan kualitas pelayanan yang telah diberikan. Untuk itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik khususnya yang dilaksanakan di bidang Humas, Informasi dan Komunikasi Publik Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Untuk melihat fenomena diatas, penulis menggunakan teori Dwiyanto dengan lima indikator yaitu produktivitas, kualitas pelayanan, daya tanggap, tanggung jawab dan akuntabilitas. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil yang ditemukan masih merajalela, terkadang admin operator kurang tanggap dan terkadang operator tidak mengerti bahwa laporan akan diteruskan ke instansi terkait. Dan waktu pelayanannya juga tidak pasti.","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kebijakan Pemilihan Umum Pasangan Calon Tunggal Presiden dan Wakil Presiden","authors":"Ardan Ardian Syah","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This study focuses on the discussion related to the constitutionality of a single candidate pair in the election of President and Vice President. With the space given by the constitution and from the provisions of Law Number 7 of 2017 and also strengthened through the decision of the Constitutional Court, then the behavior of political parties themselves causes a single candidate in the election of President and Vice President to occur. The existence of a single candidate can be accepted by democracy when faced with an empty box which will create problems and negative views in the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. The existence of a single candidate in the presidential and vice presidential elections raises constitutionality problems so that the existence of a single candidate in the presidential election is highly avoided. This study uses a normative juridical method, with a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach. \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000Dalam Penelitian ini memfokuskan pembahasan terkait konstitusionalitas pasangan calon tunggal dalam pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Dengan adanya ruang yang diberikan konstitusi dan dari ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 2017 serta dikuatkan juga melalui putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang kemudian adanya perilaku partai politik itu sendiri menyebabkan calon tunggal dalam pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dapat saja terjadi. Keberadaan calon tunggal dapat diterima oleh demokrasi apabila dihadapkan dengan kotak kosong yang mana akan memunculkan permasalahan dan pandangan yang negatif dalam pelaksanaan demokrasi di Indonesia.  Keberadaan calon tunggal dalam pelaksanaan pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden memunculkan problem konstitusionalitas sehingga adanya calon tunggal dalam Pilpres sangat dihindarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan konseptual.","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131089625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking into the History of Recent Police Reforms in the USA: Critical Insights, Learning and Implications","authors":"Shaharia Afrin","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v3i2.38708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v3i2.38708","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The police force in the United States of America (USA) has been controversial for their execution of force and actions. This paper reviews the historical account of police reforms in the USA. The review illustrates various issues and dynamics of five significant eras of police reforms – the political era, the reform era, the community policing era, the homeland security era, and the current context. The review generates several vital insights. The concurrent socio-political factors highly influenced the police reforms initiatives. The paradigm shifts of policing towards militarization transformed the psychology of policing towards the use of excessive force. Police brutality has become part of the policing norm, and racial biases continues to shape the reform ideas. Emerging evidence shows that community policing has failed to deliver its intended outcomes, and the homeland security efforts are complicated by various local and global political factors. The evaluation of the current context informs that racial discrimination, lack of community engagement, austerity in funding, inadequate data, and excessive militarization of the police force will shape the future course of the reforms. Future interventions must be informed by adequate research and coherent ideas. This review provides policymakers and practitioners with insights into the complexity of police reforms.\u0000 \u0000Abstrak\u0000Kepolisian di Amerika Serikat (AS) telah menjadi kontroversial untuk pelaksanaan kekuatan dan tindakan mereka. Makalah ini mengulas catatan sejarah reformasi kepolisian di Amerika Serikat. Tinjauan tersebut menggambarkan berbagai isu dan dinamika lima era reformasi kepolisian yang signifikan – era politik, era reformasi, era pemolisian masyarakat, era keamanan dalam negeri, dan konteks saat ini. Tinjauan ini menghasilkan beberapa wawasan penting. Faktor sosial politik yang bersamaan sangat mempengaruhi inisiatif reformasi kepolisian. Pergeseran paradigma kepolisian ke arah militerisasi mengubah psikologi kepolisian ke arah penggunaan kekuatan yang berlebihan. Kebrutalan polisi telah menjadi bagian dari norma kepolisian, dan bias rasial terus membentuk gagasan reformasi. Bukti yang muncul menunjukkan bahwa perpolisian masyarakat telah gagal memberikan hasil yang diharapkan, dan upaya keamanan dalam negeri diperumit oleh berbagai faktor politik lokal dan global. Evaluasi konteks saat ini menginformasikan bahwa diskriminasi rasial, kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat, penghematan dana, data yang tidak memadai, dan militerisasi kepolisian yang berlebihan akan membentuk arah reformasi di masa depan. Intervensi masa depan harus diinformasikan oleh penelitian yang memadai dan ide-ide yang koheren. Tinjauan ini memberikan para pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi wawasan tentang kompleksitas reformasi kepolisian.","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130343849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tata Kelola Kompetensi Guru","authors":"Neneng Heryati","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41756","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000The world is changing and developing so fast as technology changes and information becomes increasingly sophisticated. The changing times must be balanced with the development of education in a more advanced direction. Kemdikbud as a government institution has duties and functions in providing public services in the field of education. The Ministry of Education and Culture must have good teacher governance. Efforts were made for teacher governance. Laws related to teachers were issued, one of which was the 2005 Teacher and Lecturer Law. Development of a teacher management information system. Provision of tuition assistance funds for teachers to improve academic qualifications to meet the minimum standard of S1. Teacher professional education organized by universities to obtain educator certificates. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program so that teachers maintain and develop their competence. Until now the quality of teachers is still low. The main problems for teachers are sub-standard competence, academic qualifications that do not meet the requirements, and teachers who are not certified educators. Identification of factors that influence teacher competence is very important as a reference for making teacher governance policy decisions. Several factors influence teacher competency. The Ministry of Education and Culture seeks to realize better teacher competency governance. Ministry of Education and Culture is dynamically changing and how it always develops knowledge to solve problems and make innovations. The management of teacher competence is carried out in collaboration with the involvement of other actors such as district/city/provincial education offices, universities and related ministries/institutions.\u0000 \u0000Abstrak\u0000Dunia berubah dan berkembang begitu cepat seiring perubahan teknologi dan informasi yang semakin canggih. Perubahan zaman harus diimbangi dengan perkembangan pendidikan ke arah yang lebih maju. Kemdikbud sebagai lembaga pemerintah mempunyai tugas dan fungsi dalam memberikan layanan publik dalam bidang Pendidikan. Kemdikbud harus mempunyai tata kelola guru yang baik. Upaya-upaya dilakukan untuk tata kelola guru. Diterbitkan perundang-undangan terkait guru, salah satunya UU Guru dan Dosen tahun 2005. Pengembangan sistem informasi manajemen guru. Penyediaan dana bantuan biaya pendidikan bagi guru untuk meningkatkan kualifikasi akademik untuk memenuhi standar minimum S1. Pendidikan profesi guru yang diselenggarakan oleh universitas untuk mendapatkan sertifikat pendidik. Program Continuing Profesional Development (CPD) agar guru mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kompetensinya. Hingga saat ini kualitas guru masih rendah. Masalah utama guru, yaitu kompetensi di bawah standar, kualifikasi akademik yang tidak memenuhi syarat, dan guru yang belum bersertifikat pendidik. Identifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi kompetensi guru sangat penting sebagai acuan pengambilan keputusan kebijakan tata kelola guru. Beberapa faktor mem","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132294257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalisasi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah dalam Membangun Ketahanan Bisnis di Era New Normal","authors":"Aphief Tri Artanto, Kusnarto, Nanang Haryono, Endang Sholihatin","doi":"10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgar.v3i2.41772","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The research objectives are (a) Knowing the readiness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in digitalization to build business resilience in the new normal era; (b) Explaining digital business innovation for MSMEs in building business resilience in the new normal era. This research is basic research with the theme of digital marketing from MSMEs in building business resilience in the new normal era. The MSME business can absorb a large workforce which has implications for reducing unemployment and improving the economy so that it has an impact on reducing the poverty rate as the goal of the Sustainable Development Goals. Conclusion Readiness to digitize MSMEs to Build Business Resilience in the New Normal Era: MSMEs are not fully ready to immediately switch to digital. Smartphones or laptops connected to the internet are quite a lot owned by MSMEs in running a business, but not all of them use them to market their products digitally. MSME Innovations in Building Business Resilience in the New Normal Era include: Adapting to new ways of working, integrated digital and technology systems, resilient supply chains, building business relationships; improve service quality; study business technology; social media understanding; selling on marketplaces. \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000 Tujuan penelitian adalah (a) Mengetahui kesiapan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM)  dalam digitalisasi untuk membangun ketahanan bisnis di era new normal; (b) Menjelaskan digital business innovation  UMKM dalam membangun ketahanan bisnis di era new normal.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar dengan tema Digitalisasi pemasaran dari UMKM dalam Membangun Ketahanan Bisnis di Era New Normal.  Bisnis UMKM dapat menyerap tenaga kerja yang besar implikasinya dapat menurunkan pengangguran dan peningkatan ekonomi sehingga berdampak pada penurunan angka kemiskinan sebagaimana tujuan Sustainable Development Goals. Kesimpulan Kesiapan digititalisasi UMKM  Untuk Membangun Ketahanan Bisnis di Era New Normal: UMKM ini tidak sepenuhnya siap untuk serta merta beralih ke digital. Smartphone atau Laptop terkoneksi internet cukup banyak dimiliki pelaku UMKM dalam menjalankan usaha, namun tak semua menggunakannya untuk memasarkan produk secara digital. Innovation  UMKM Dalam Membangun Ketahanan Bisnis di Era New Normal diantaranya adalah: Beradaptasi dengan cara kerja yang baru, sistem digital dan teknologi terintegrasi, rantai pasokan yang tangguh, bangun relasi bisnis; tingkatkan kualitas layanan; belajar teknologi bisnis; pemahaman media sosial; jualan di marketplace.","PeriodicalId":364319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127504974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}