ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Interplay: Neurovascular Coupling, Astrocytes and G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Sanarya Al-Jaf,&nbsp;Alaa Y. Soliman,&nbsp;Ahmed F. El-Yazbi and Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c0061410.1021/acsptsci.4c00614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00614https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00614","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that are involved in actively modulating synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter homeostasis, and neuroinflammatory responses. More importantly, they coordinate neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in what is known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). NVC is an essential mechanism that maintains the high energy demand the brain requires by supplying continuous and rapid supply of oxygen and nutrients through CBF. Impairment in NVC is one of the key events that triggers a spiral of occurrences that lead to the clinical advancement of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is yet to be determined what the molecular manifestations of NVC impairment relate to; nonetheless, it is believed that alterations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for exacerbating these effects. In this review, we summarize the current evidence supporting the involvement of GPCRs on astrocytes in NVC and the pathophysiology of AD. Additionally, we propose potential research directions to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the feasibility of targeting specific GPCRs as a therapeutic strategy to correct brain blood flow and memory impairments associated with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"271–285 271–285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Interplay: Neurovascular Coupling, Astrocytes and G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Sanarya Al-Jaf, Alaa Y Soliman, Ahmed F El-Yazbi, Khaled S Abd-Elrahman","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00614","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that are involved in actively modulating synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter homeostasis, and neuroinflammatory responses. More importantly, they coordinate neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in what is known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). NVC is an essential mechanism that maintains the high energy demand the brain requires by supplying continuous and rapid supply of oxygen and nutrients through CBF. Impairment in NVC is one of the key events that triggers a spiral of occurrences that lead to the clinical advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is yet to be determined what the molecular manifestations of NVC impairment relate to; nonetheless, it is believed that alterations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for exacerbating these effects. In this review, we summarize the current evidence supporting the involvement of GPCRs on astrocytes in NVC and the pathophysiology of AD. Additionally, we propose potential research directions to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the feasibility of targeting specific GPCRs as a therapeutic strategy to correct brain blood flow and memory impairments associated with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"271-285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Commercial Sealing Hemostatic Patches for Their Selection as Reservoirs for Localized Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.","authors":"M Teresa Perelló-Trias, Ana Rodríguez-Fernández, Antonio Jose Serrano-Muñoz, Juan J Segura-Sampedro, Pedro Tauler, Joana M Ramis, Marta Monjo","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00608","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is typically treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and subsequent chemotherapy. Sealing hemostatic patches (HP) are often used during these surgeries to prevent complications such as uncontrolled bleeding. These HP are made of biomaterials like oxidized cellulose or collagen with a binding agent, and beyond their usual function, they could also be used as drug delivery systems (DDS) for localized intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the tissue attached. Our first aim was to characterize and compare three different commercial HP (TachoSil®, Hemopatch®, and Veriset^TM). Hemopatch® emerged as the most suitable candidate due to its combination of properties, including slow degradation, high hydrophilicity, excellent biological fluid absorption capacity, and moderate adhesive capacity alongside hemostasis. Utilizing Hemopatch® as a scaffold, we developed a new device incorporating a hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with cisplatin or olaparib. This approach facilitated sustained drug release for over 6 days, maintaining the anticancer efficacy of these agents on OVCAR-3 cells. In conclusion, integrating a DDS into HP shows potential for precisely delivering chemotherapeutic agents to any residual microscopic disease in PC following CRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Commercial Sealing Hemostatic Patches for Their Selection as Reservoirs for Localized Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy","authors":"M. Teresa Perelló-Trias,&nbsp;Ana Rodríguez-Fernández,&nbsp;Antonio Jose Serrano-Muñoz,&nbsp;Juan J. Segura-Sampedro,&nbsp;Pedro Tauler,&nbsp;Joana M. Ramis* and Marta Monjo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c0060810.1021/acsptsci.4c00608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00608https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00608","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is typically treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and subsequent chemotherapy. Sealing hemostatic patches (HP) are often used during these surgeries to prevent complications such as uncontrolled bleeding. These HP are made of biomaterials like oxidized cellulose or collagen with a binding agent, and beyond their usual function, they could also be used as drug delivery systems (DDS) for localized intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the tissue attached. Our first aim was to characterize and compare three different commercial HP (TachoSil®, Hemopatch®, and Veriset^TM). Hemopatch® emerged as the most suitable candidate due to its combination of properties, including slow degradation, high hydrophilicity, excellent biological fluid absorption capacity, and moderate adhesive capacity alongside hemostasis. Utilizing Hemopatch® as a scaffold, we developed a new device incorporating a hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with cisplatin or olaparib. This approach facilitated sustained drug release for over 6 days, maintaining the anticancer efficacy of these agents on OVCAR-3 cells. In conclusion, integrating a DDS into HP shows potential for precisely delivering chemotherapeutic agents to any residual microscopic disease in PC following CRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"499–509 499–509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relaxin-2 Exhibits a Beneficial Role in Energy Metabolism to Alleviate Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility.","authors":"Xinbo Zhao, Yukai Cao, Qiang Gao, Xuejie Han, Hang Zhang, Hongyuan Mu, Song Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang, Yue Li, Yue Yuan","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00354","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with energy metabolic disorder leading to severe clinical courses. Relaxin-2 (RLX), a peptide hormone, has been identified to activate crucial enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism. However, whether relaxin-2 can improve the energy metabolism of atrial myocytes to inhibit AF pathogenesis remains unknown. Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly separated into sham, right atrial tachypacing (RAP), and RAP with a human recombinant relaxin-2 treatment (0.5 mg/kg) group for 2 weeks, and programmed intracardiac stimulation was performed to assess AF susceptibility. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was performed to explore potential metabolic profiles in rabbit atria. Histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot, qRT-PCR, and Seahorse assays were used to explain the molecular mechanisms. The downregulated relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) protein was found in the atria of AF patients and rabbits, as well as in tachypacing HL-1 cells. RLX protected against RAP-induced AF with decreased atrial fibrosis and electrical remodeling in rabbits. UHPLC revealed that RLX improved fatty acid and glucose metabolism by activating the PPAR signaling pathway in rabbit atria. Mechanistically, RLX enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression via regulating RXFP1, which restored mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, along with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in both rabbit atria and HL-1 cells. Moreover, overexpression of <i>PPARγ</i> in tachypacing HL-1 cells prevented mitochondrial damage and alleviated energy metabolic disorder. Besides, we found that upregulated serum relaxin-2 levels with altered metabolites, including 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, prostaglandin E2, glyceric acid, and deoxyribose 1-phosphate, were correlated with AF occurrence in patients. Our study reveals that relaxin-2 attenuates atrial energy metabolic remodeling to prevent AF pathogenesis, which could be considered a potential therapeutic approach in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"368-379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relaxin-2 Exhibits a Beneficial Role in Energy Metabolism to Alleviate Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility","authors":"Xinbo Zhao,&nbsp;Yukai Cao,&nbsp;Qiang Gao,&nbsp;Xuejie Han,&nbsp;Hang Zhang,&nbsp;Hongyuan Mu,&nbsp;Song Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang,&nbsp;Yue Li* and Yue Yuan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c0035410.1021/acsptsci.4c00354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00354https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00354","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with energy metabolic disorder leading to severe clinical courses. Relaxin-2 (RLX), a peptide hormone, has been identified to activate crucial enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism. However, whether relaxin-2 can improve the energy metabolism of atrial myocytes to inhibit AF pathogenesis remains unknown. Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly separated into sham, right atrial tachypacing (RAP), and RAP with a human recombinant relaxin-2 treatment (0.5 mg/kg) group for 2 weeks, and programmed intracardiac stimulation was performed to assess AF susceptibility. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was performed to explore potential metabolic profiles in rabbit atria. Histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot, qRT-PCR, and Seahorse assays were used to explain the molecular mechanisms. The downregulated relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) protein was found in the atria of AF patients and rabbits, as well as in tachypacing HL-1 cells. RLX protected against RAP-induced AF with decreased atrial fibrosis and electrical remodeling in rabbits. UHPLC revealed that RLX improved fatty acid and glucose metabolism by activating the PPAR signaling pathway in rabbit atria. Mechanistically, RLX enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression via regulating RXFP1, which restored mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, along with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in both rabbit atria and HL-1 cells. Moreover, overexpression of <i>PPARγ</i> in tachypacing HL-1 cells prevented mitochondrial damage and alleviated energy metabolic disorder. Besides, we found that upregulated serum relaxin-2 levels with altered metabolites, including 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, prostaglandin E2, glyceric acid, and deoxyribose 1-phosphate, were correlated with AF occurrence in patients. Our study reveals that relaxin-2 attenuates atrial energy metabolic remodeling to prevent AF pathogenesis, which could be considered a potential therapeutic approach in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"368–379 368–379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Targets Colorectal Cancer Cells via Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Independent of Common Mutations.","authors":"Md Moniruzzaman, Kuan Yau Wong, Taskeen Iqbal Janjua, Jennifer H Martin, Jakob Begun, Amirali Popat","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00644","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-neurotoxic, phytocannabinoid from cannabis with reported medicinal properties, including antiepileptic and anti-inflammatory activity. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CBD has antitumor potential against colorectal cancer (CRC), the third deadliest cancer in the world. However, as different mutations influence the antitumor effects and CBD can bind a variety of receptors, it is yet to be determined whether specific CRC mutations affect CBD's efficacy in treatment of CRC. To investigate this, we selected four CRC cell lines, including HCT116, HT-29, LS174T, and LS153, which harbor distinct mutations. Cells were treated with a range of concentrations of CBD to evaluate its cytotoxic effects and impact on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by using a live-cell imaging system. IC₅₀ values were then calculated for each parameter. The level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway markers was also measured using qRTPCR. The requirements for CB1 or CB2 receptor-medicated signaling were investigated using the selective inhibitors AM251 and SR144528, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CBD induces apoptosis and halts proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. CBD showed potent antitumor effects in the tested cell lines with no obvious effect from different mutations such as KRAS, BRAF, APC, PTEN, etc. CBD also induced ER stress in CRC cells but not in healthy intestinal organoids. Cotreatment with SR144528 inhibited the effects of indicating involvement of CB2 receptor activation in the anticancer effects of CBD. Together, these results demonstrated that CBD could be effective for CRC regardless of the underlying mutation through CB2 receptor activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"543-556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Current Approaches in Bladder Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Soniya Kumbham, Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman, Barbara A Foster, Youngjae You","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00663","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c00663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system globally. It is also one of the most expensive cancers to manage, due to the need for extensive treatment and follow-ups that often involve invasive and costly procedures. Although there have been some improvements in treatment options, the quality of life they offer has not improved at the same rate as other cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new alternatives to ease the burden of bladder cancer on patients. Recent discoveries have opened new avenues for the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer even though the clinical approach has largely remained the same for years. The decline in bladder cancer-specific mortality in regions that promote social awareness of risk factors and reduction of carcinogenic exposure demonstrates the effectiveness of such measures. New agents have been approved for patients who have undergone radical cystectomy after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure. Current best practices for diagnosing and treating bladder cancer are presented in this review. The review discusses radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy, and nanomedicine in relation to non muscle-invasive cancers and muscle-invasive bladder cancers, as well as systemic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"286-307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Targets Colorectal Cancer Cells via Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Independent of Common Mutations","authors":"Md Moniruzzaman*,&nbsp;Kuan Yau Wong,&nbsp;Taskeen Iqbal Janjua,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Martin,&nbsp;Jakob Begun* and Amirali Popat*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c0064410.1021/acsptsci.4c00644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00644https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00644","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-neurotoxic, phytocannabinoid from cannabis with reported medicinal properties, including antiepileptic and anti-inflammatory activity. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CBD has antitumor potential against colorectal cancer (CRC), the third deadliest cancer in the world. However, as different mutations influence the antitumor effects and CBD can bind a variety of receptors, it is yet to be determined whether specific CRC mutations affect CBD’s efficacy in treatment of CRC. To investigate this, we selected four CRC cell lines, including HCT116, HT-29, LS174T, and LS153, which harbor distinct mutations. Cells were treated with a range of concentrations of CBD to evaluate its cytotoxic effects and impact on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by using a live-cell imaging system. IC₅₀ values were then calculated for each parameter. The level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway markers was also measured using qRTPCR. The requirements for CB1 or CB2 receptor-medicated signaling were investigated using the selective inhibitors AM251 and SR144528, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CBD induces apoptosis and halts proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. CBD showed potent antitumor effects in the tested cell lines with no obvious effect from different mutations such as KRAS, BRAF, APC, PTEN, etc. CBD also induced ER stress in CRC cells but not in healthy intestinal organoids. Cotreatment with SR144528 inhibited the effects of indicating involvement of CB2 receptor activation in the anticancer effects of CBD. Together, these results demonstrated that CBD could be effective for CRC regardless of the underlying mutation through CB2 receptor activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"543–556 543–556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Current Approaches in Bladder Cancer Treatment","authors":"Soniya Kumbham,&nbsp;Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman,&nbsp;Barbara A. Foster and Youngjae You*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsptsci.4c0066310.1021/acsptsci.4c00663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00663https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.4c00663","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system globally. It is also one of the most expensive cancers to manage, due to the need for extensive treatment and follow-ups that often involve invasive and costly procedures. Although there have been some improvements in treatment options, the quality of life they offer has not improved at the same rate as other cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new alternatives to ease the burden of bladder cancer on patients. Recent discoveries have opened new avenues for the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer even though the clinical approach has largely remained the same for years. The decline in bladder cancer-specific mortality in regions that promote social awareness of risk factors and reduction of carcinogenic exposure demonstrates the effectiveness of such measures. New agents have been approved for patients who have undergone radical cystectomy after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure. Current best practices for diagnosing and treating bladder cancer are presented in this review. The review discusses radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy, and nanomedicine in relation to non muscle-invasive cancers and muscle-invasive bladder cancers, as well as systemic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":36426,"journal":{"name":"ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"286–307 286–307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}