Derecho Animal最新文献_第9页

Medical Devices Biological Safety Assessment: Towards Animal-free Testing 医疗器械生物安全评价:迈向无动物试验

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-29 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.392

N. Sachot, A. Vitale

{"title":"Medical Devices Biological Safety Assessment: Towards Animal-free Testing","authors":"N. Sachot, A. Vitale","doi":"10.5565/REV/DA.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/REV/DA.392","url":null,"abstract":"Los animales han sido utilizados desde hace tiempo como sujetos experimentales para apoyar el progreso cientifico y los avances de la medicina. A dia de hoy, diversos protocolos incluyendo el uso de animales todavia estan en vigor en multiples campos cientificos y aplicaciones, como por ejemplo el de la seguridad de los dispositivos medicos. El objetivo de dichos estudios es determinar si un dispositivo medico es seguro para su uso humano o si supone un riesgo para la salud del paciente. Las pruebas en animales para este proposito estan motivadas por requisitos regulatorios, estipulando que el uso de este tipo de test es necesario y justificandolo en un contexto de gestion de riesgos. Los modelos animales ya no se usan de manera sistematica como en el pasado, pero siguen siendo una piedra angular en el proceso de toma de decision delicado, relacionado con el marketing de los dispositivos medicos. Sin embargo, las pruebas en animales tienen limitaciones, como las preocupaciones eticas y la validez de los datos que cuestionan su uso para este fin. Una atencion especial esta dada a dia de hoy a las alternativas libres de animales para respaldar mejor la aplicacion del concepto de los 3R (replacement, reduction, refining) en este campo. Desgraciadamente, los metodos muy avanzados y tecnologias en desarrollo encuentran obstaculos importantes (p.ej. validacion y estandarizacion) que impiden y ralentizan su implementacion como alternativas aceptadas del punto de vista regulatorio. Para superar estas dificultades, el proceso de aceptacion regulatoria de las alternativas se podria optimizar. Este se puede alcanzar por ejemplo mejorando la cooperacion, la coordinacion y la comunicacion entre los diferentes actores, i.e. investigadores, organismos regulatorios certificadores e industrias. Generalmente, una atencion especial se debe prestar al compromiso y a un esfuerzo comun para mejorar la eficacia de este proceso, y para establecer un marco regulatorio de comprobacion que no dependa mas de los modelos animales.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80200548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Welfare protection of the animal-athlete in the sports company in light of the evolution of the legal regime for animals. 根据动物法律制度的演变，对体育公司动物运动员的福利保护。

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-20 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.404

Marine Lercier

{"title":"Welfare protection of the animal-athlete in the sports company in light of the evolution of the legal regime for animals.","authors":"Marine Lercier","doi":"10.5565/REV/DA.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/REV/DA.404","url":null,"abstract":"Neither Labor Law nor Civil Law has yet drawn the legal consequences of the existence of labor relations that unite animals and man. There are no rules protecting animals at work, while their participation in multiple human activities is unequivocal. The use of horses in sports and tourism generates wealth, while the services they provide save or improve lives. While it is easy to \"work with animals\", it is true that it is never explicitly recognized that animals \"work with people\". Why? Because animals are subject to the legal regime of property. The case of an animal as versatile as the horse leads us to believe that after having inspired numerous animal protection laws, his participation in society through work could be the first to be recognized. A service provider, transporter, plow, therapist, athlete... he has many roles and is recruited according to his personal skills and physical, intellectual or emotional abilities that make him unique. The social fact that animal labor represents prompts us to claim the specific protection of animals in this context, in light of the emergence of their fundamental right to welfare and, therefore, not to be mistreated. Being well treated in the workplace should be considered as a right of the working population, not as a specific human right. Likewise, the protection and monitoring of the health of the sportsperson must be an imperative that goes beyond the species to which the athlete belongs. This contribution was presented during the Symposium organized by the ADDCDA (Association des Doctorants et Docteurs du Centre de Droit des Affaires) on 11 October 2018 at the University of Toulouse 1 Capitole, on the theme of Sport and Business Law. It is part of the DER2015-69314-P project financed by MINECO, on the legal status of animals.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74430596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next Steps for Animal Rights 动物权利的下一步

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-20 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.414

David S. Favre

引用次数: 2

Animals Rights Code: What the Draft Law States 动物权利法典:法律草案的规定

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.5565/rev/da.413

Margherita Pittalis

{"title":"Animals Rights Code: What the Draft Law States","authors":"Margherita Pittalis","doi":"10.5565/rev/da.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.413","url":null,"abstract":"The draft law, called “Code on the protection of pets” by the Italian deputy Michela Brambilla has been proposed to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on March 23, 2018. This draft law is the results of several precious legislative proposal, made by the above-mentioned deputy, concerning various aspects about animals’ protection and prevention of stray animals’ phenomenon in a way desirably more effective than previous law n.281/1991 provided. The goals this latter provision fixed have not been achieved at all. The “Brambilla Code”, as the draft laws is renamed, composed by 50 articles aims at solving the problem of kennels’ overcrowding and poor hygiene conditions kennels rage on, together with the problematical increase of pets abandoning caused by several factors, such as, the unconsciousness and lack of care people have when it comes to adopt or have in custody a pet, or problems caused by the fact that pets are often not allowed to access public transports and areas. Broadly speaking, the draft law aims at spreading a different sensitiveness about care people take for their pets which are more and more involved in people daily life. The draft, in fact, comes up with a full-fledged status for pets, claiming them to be “sentient living beings” and to have a full-fledged “right to wellness” with due respect of their biological and ethological features.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87784841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cessation of non-marital cohabitation and shared custody of pets 停止非婚同居和共同抚养宠物

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.5565/rev/da.412

Margherita Pittalis

引用次数: 0

Gisele Kronhardt Scheffer (coord.). Direito animal e ciências criminais - Canal Ciências Criminais (Porto Alegre/RS/Brazil, 2018) 160 p. 吉赛尔·克伦哈特·谢弗(coord)。动物法与刑事科学-刑事科学频道(阿雷格里港/RS/巴西，2018)160页。

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-14 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.403

V. Júnior

引用次数: 1

Legal training days in animal law – Fuerteventura, November 2018 动物法律培训日-富埃特文图拉，2018年11月

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-13 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.402

Maria Teresa Bautista Garrastazu, Carolina Cruz Moreno

{"title":"Legal training days in animal law – Fuerteventura, November 2018","authors":"Maria Teresa Bautista Garrastazu, Carolina Cruz Moreno","doi":"10.5565/REV/DA.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/REV/DA.402","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos pasados 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2018 se celebraron en Fuerteventura las jornadas juridicas de la campana nacional “YO HABLO POR TI” organizada por el zoologico y centro CITES Oasis Fuerteventura, asi como por el Gobierno de Canarias. El dia 9 se centro en las intervenciones de Autoridades como los diversos tipos de Agentes de las Fuerzas y Seguridad del Estado, Magistrados y Fiscales. El dia 10 se destino a la formacion general para Asociaciones Protectoras de Animales, impartida basicamente por abogados y veterinarios. Jornadas intensisimas donde todo el que participo dio lo maximo posible, y los asistentes enriquecieron las exposiciones con su participacion activa. La conclusion genera a la que todos llegaron era la necesidad de una formacion rigurosa en materia de Derecho Animal tanto a nivel de los Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado, como en el ambito Judicial y de Fiscalia. EnglishOn the 9th and 10th November 2018, the legal training days related to the national campaign \"I SPEAK FOR YOU\" were held in Fuerteventura, organized by CITES Oasis Fuerteventura zoo and centre, as well as by the Government of Canary Islands. November 9th focused on the interventions of authorities, such as different officers of the State Security Forces, judges and prosecutors. The 10th was the day of general training given to the members of animal protection associations, provided by lawyers and veterinarians. Both were very intense days where every participant gave as much as possible, and the attendees enriched the presentations with their active participation. The shared conclusion was the need for a rigorous training in animal law matters both at State Security Forces and Corps level, as well as at the judicial and prosecutor's offices level.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78924494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Arthur H. P. Régis. Vulnerabilidade como fundamento para os direitos dos animais: uma proposta para um novo enquadramento jurídico - Novas Edições Acadêmicas (2018) p. 132 Arthur H. P. regis。脆弱性作为动物权利的基础:新法律框架的建议-新学术版本(2018)第132页

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-11 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.405

Luciano Rocha Santana

{"title":"Arthur H. P. Régis. Vulnerabilidade como fundamento para os direitos dos animais: uma proposta para um novo enquadramento jurídico - Novas Edições Acadêmicas (2018) p. 132","authors":"Luciano Rocha Santana","doi":"10.5565/REV/DA.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/REV/DA.405","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn su obra, de claro estilo academico, pero con una narrativa fluida, Arthur Regis se centra en analizar el ordenamiento juridico brasileno con el interes de fundamentar un nuevo marco juridico para los animales. Asi, el hace un paralelo con diversos grupos vulnerables (ninos, ancianos, mujeres, afroamericanos, amerindios, personas con discapacidad) y la situacion de los animales no humanos en el Derecho brasileno. Por ello, Regis propone la vulnerabilidad como un fundamento para el cambio del status juridico de los animales. Asi pues, a pesar de las consideraciones hechas, seguramente este libro es de lectura importante para todos los interesados en conocer una nueva propuesta de fundamentacion de los derechos de los animales que tiene su apoyo en el pensamiento de la Bioetica brasilena. EnglishIn his work, of an evident academic style, but with a very smooth narrative, Arthur Regis concentrates on examining the Brazilian legal system with a view to substantiating a new legal framework for animals. In so doing, he draws parallels between various vulnerable groups (children, the elderly, women, African-Americans, Amerindians, people with disabilities) and the situation of non-human animals in Brazilian law. Therefore, Regis argues for vulnerability as a rationale for modifying the legal status of animals. That is why, in spite of the comments made, this book is surely an important reading for all those interested in hearing a brand new ground for animal rights that is supported by the thinking of Brazilian Bioethics.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86565762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silent slaughter: how freedom of speech and expression restrictions keep animal abuses hidden and stifle animal welfare activism in Europe and the United States 无声的屠杀:言论自由和言论限制如何隐藏动物虐待行为，并扼杀欧洲和美国的动物福利活动

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-11 DOI: 10.5565/REV/DA.364

Mahalia Kahsay

{"title":"Silent slaughter: how freedom of speech and expression restrictions keep animal abuses hidden and stifle animal welfare activism in Europe and the United States","authors":"Mahalia Kahsay","doi":"10.5565/REV/DA.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5565/REV/DA.364","url":null,"abstract":"Billions of animals worldwide are used annually for human consumption. The agricultural industry enjoys a high-level of state protection because of its role in supplying the populace with food, and in turn, supporting the nation’s security. In Europe and the United States, activists make similar challenges to status quo animal industry practices: activists use video cameras to expose animal abuses and share their findings with the public. Several U.S. states with strong animal agricultural industries have passed “ag-gag” laws aimed at outlawing many of these activities, including filming undercover and entering slaughterhouses under false pretenses. Finding these laws restrict free speech and impede efforts to gather evidence for whistling blowing operations, activists have challenged these laws in U.S. federal district courts. This paper examines three of these lawsuits, including two in which activists won rather “easily” under favorable U.S. free speech jurisprudence. Next, I compare these cases to three free speech and expression cases brought by animal activists in Europe. I use this comparison to argue that even well written and strategically crafted “ag-gag” laws are unlikely to withstand judicial scrutiny in the future because U.S. free speech jurisprudence exists to protect against the very purpose of ag-gag laws: government-led silencing of speech at the request of a powerful industry group.","PeriodicalId":36357,"journal":{"name":"Derecho Animal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85503310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animal Law in South Africa: “Until the lions have their own lawyers, the law will continue to protect the hunter” 南非动物法:“在狮子有自己的律师之前，法律将继续保护猎人。”

Derecho Animal Pub Date : 2019-01-11 DOI: 10.5565/rev/da.399

Amy P. Wilson

引用次数: 5