JMIR Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Treatment for Insomnia, Nightmares, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of Wildfires: Pilot Randomized Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Fadia Isaac, Britt Klein, Huy Nguyen, Shaun Watson, Gerard A Kennedy","doi":"10.2196/65228","DOIUrl":"10.2196/65228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Symptoms of insomnia, nightmares, and trauma are highly prevalent. However, there are significant barriers to accessing evidence-based treatments for these conditions, leading to poor mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot trial evaluated the feasibility of a 4-week, digital self-paced intervention combining cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy for nightmares in survivors of wildfires from Australia, Canada, and the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study participants were recruited between May 2023 and December 2023 through social media platforms, workshops, conferences, and radio interviews. Participants had to meet at least one of the following criteria: a score of ≥8 on the Insomnia Severity Index, a score of ≥3 on the Nightmare Disorder Index, or a score of ≥31 on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. In total, 30 survivors of wildfires were allocated to either the treatment group (n=16, 53%) or the waitlist control group (n=14, 47%) in a sequential manner. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 79 years, with a mean age of 52.50 (SD 16.26) years. The cohort consisted of 63% (19/30) female and 37% (11/30) male participants. Participants also completed self-report secondary outcome measures, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, via the HealthZone digital platform. Assessments were conducted at baseline, the posttreatment time point, and the 3-month follow-up, with the waitlist group undergoing an additional assessment at the pretreatment time point, after 4 weeks of waiting and before crossing over to treatment. This study used intention-to-treat analysis as a primary analysis and per-protocol analysis as a secondary analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed-effects linear regression models and difference-in-differences analyses were used to assess the intervention's effects. The intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant improvements over time (main effect of time), with a 1.64-point reduction (P=.001) on the Nightmare Disorder Index and 10.64-point reduction (P=.009) on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 at the postintervention time point. No significant changes were observed in insomnia symptoms. On the secondary measures, there was an interaction effect of condition × time, with a 2.22-point reduction (P<.001) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a main effect of time, with a 6.48-point reduction (P<.001) on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. No changes were detected on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. The per-protocol analysis yielded comparable results for both the primary and secondary measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this pilot trial demonstrated a reduction in nightmares and trauma symptoms. Future research studies should aim at evaluating the intervention in a more definitive trial with ","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e65228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SMS Ward Round Notifications on Inpatient Experience in Acute Medical Settings: Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jongchan Lee, Soyeon Ahn, Jung Hun Ohn, Eun Sun Kim, Yejee Lim, Hye Won Kim, Hee-Sun Park, Jae Ho Cho, Sun-Wook Kim, Jiwon Ryu, Jihye Kim, Hak Chul Jang, Nak-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.2196/57470","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ward rounds are an essential component of inpatient care. Patient participation in rounds is increasingly encouraged, despite the occasional complicated circumstances, especially in acute care settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of real-time ward round notifications using SMS text messaging on the satisfaction of inpatients in an acute medical ward.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since January 2021, a service implementing real-time ward round notifications via text messaging (WR-SMS) has been operational at a tertiary-care medical center in Korea. To assess its impact, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the acute medical unit who participated in a patient experience survey. Patient satisfaction was compared between patients admitted in 2020 (pre-WR-SMS group) and 2021 (post-WR-SMS group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 2020 to December 2021, a total of 100 patients were enrolled (53 patients in the pre-WR-SMS group and 47 patients in the post-WR-SMS group). Compared with the pre-WR-SMS group, the post-WR-SMS group showed significantly greater satisfaction about being informed about round schedules (mean 3.43, SD 0.910 vs mean 3.89, SD 0.375; P<.001) and felt more emotionally supported during admission (mean 3.49, SD 0.800 vs mean 3.87, SD 0.397; P<.001). Regarding other questionnaire scores, the post-WR-SMS group showed an overall, although statistically insignificant, improvement compared with the pre-WR-SMS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Real-time round notifications using a user-friendly SMS may improve inpatient satisfaction effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e57470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Barriers to mHealth in Hypertension Care: Qualitative Study With German Health Care Professionals.","authors":"Susann May, Felix Muehlensiepen, Eileen Wengemuth, Frances Seifert, Martin Heinze, Dunja Bruch, Sebastian Spethmann","doi":"10.2196/52544","DOIUrl":"10.2196/52544","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Digital health technologies, particularly mobile health (mHealth) apps and wearable devices, have emerged as crucial assets in the battle against hypertension. By enabling lifestyle modifications, facilitating home blood pressure monitoring, and promoting treatment adherence, these technologies have significantly enhanced hypertension treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to explore the perspectives of health care professionals (HCPs) regarding the perceived benefits and barriers associated with the integration of mHealth apps into routine hypertension care. Additionally, strategies for overcoming these barriers will be identified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Through qualitative analysis via semistructured interviews, general practitioners (n=10), cardiologists (n=14), and nurses (n=3) were purposefully selected between October 2022 and March 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results unveiled 3 overarching themes highlighting the benefits of mHealth apps in hypertension care from the perspective of HCPs. First, these technologies possess the potential to enhance patient safety by facilitating continuous monitoring and early detection of abnormalities. Second, they can empower patients, fostering autonomy in managing their health conditions, thereby promoting active participation in their care. Lastly, mHealth apps may provide valuable support to medical care by offering real-time data that aids in decision-making and treatment adjustments. Despite these benefits, the study identified several barriers hindering the seamless integration of mHealth apps into hypertension care. Challenges predominantly revolved around data management, communication contexts, daily routines, and system handling. HCPs underscored the necessity for structural and procedural modifications in their daily practices to effectively address these challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In conclusion, the effective usage of digital tools such as mHealth apps necessitates overcoming various obstacles. This entails meeting the information needs of both HCPs and patients, tackling interoperability issues to ensure seamless data exchange between different systems, clarifying uncertainties surrounding reimbursement policies, and establishing the specific clinical benefits of these technologies. Active engagement of users throughout the design and implementation phases is crucial for ensuring the usability and acceptance of mHealth apps. Moreover, enhancing knowledge accessibility through the provision of easily understandable information about mHealth apps is essential for eliminating barriers and fostering their widespread adoption in hypertension care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029761; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00029761.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International registered report identi","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e52544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With the Intention to Use mHealth Among Thai Middle-Aged Adults and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nida Buawangpong, Wachiranun Sirikul, Penprapa Siviroj","doi":"10.2196/63607","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobile health care (mHealth) apps are emerging worldwide as a vital component of internet health care, but there are issues, especially among older adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use (ITU) mHealth apps, focusing on those with and without prior mHealth experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 included Thai citizens aged 45 years or older. Self-reported questionnaires collected data on sociodemographic information, health conditions, smartphone or tablet ownership, and mHealth usage experience. The Thai mHealth Senior Technology Acceptance Model questionnaires with a 10-point Likert scale evaluated mHealth acceptance. A multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, education, income, and living area, was performed for 2 subgroups: those who used ITU mHealth apps and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1100 participants, 537 (48.8%) intended to use mHealth apps, while 563 (51.2%) did not. The ITU group had a younger average age, higher education levels, higher income, and fewer underlying diseases compared to those who did not intend to use mHealth apps. For those who had never used mHealth apps, having a smartphone was strongly associated with higher odds of ITU (adjusted odds ratio 2.81, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.93; P<.001), while having any underlying disease was associated with lower odds of ITU (adjusted odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97; P=.034). Higher acceptance levels, characterized by a positive attitude toward mHealth and lower fear of making mistakes, were also associated with higher ITU. For those with prior mHealth experience, acceptance in areas such as perceived ease of use, gerontechnology anxiety, and facilitating conditions was significantly associated with ITU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among inexperienced users, a positive attitude toward mHealth significantly enhanced ITU. Conversely, having an underlying disease decreased ITU, indicating a need for tailored mHealth apps. For experienced users, acceptance levels in areas such as ease of use and gerontechnology anxiety were crucial. Future research should explore specific mHealth apps for more targeted insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e63607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Strategies for Home Management of Ostomy Care: Content Analysis of YouTube.","authors":"Marketa Haughey, David M Neyens, Casey S Hopkins, Christofer Gonzaga, Melinda Harman","doi":"10.2196/66634","DOIUrl":"10.2196/66634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The social media platform YouTube is a recognized educational resource for health information, but few studies have explored its value for conveying the lived experience of individuals managing chronic health conditions and end users' interactions with medical device technology. Our study explores self-care strategies and end user needs of people living with a stoma because patient education and engagement in ostomy self-care are essential for avoiding ostomy-related complications. Ostomy surgery creates a stoma (an opening) in the abdomen to alter the route of excreta from digestive and urinary organs into a detachable external pouching system. After hospital discharge, people who have undergone ostomies perform critical self-care tasks including frequent ostomy appliance changes and stomal and peristomal skin maintenance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to systematically assess YouTube videos narrated by people who have undergone ostomies about their ostomy self-care in home (nonhospital) settings with a focus on identifying end user needs and different strategies used by people who have undergone ostomies during critical self-care tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using predefined search terms and clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified YouTube videos depicting narrators who have undergone ostomies and their ostomy self-care in home settings. Using a consensus coding approach among 3 independent reviewers, all videos were analyzed to collect metadata, data of narrators who have undergone ostomies, and specific content data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 65 user-generated YouTube videos that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These videos were posted by 28 unique content creators representing a broad range of ages who used a variety of supplies. The common challenges discussed were peristomal skin complications, inadequate appliance adhesion and subsequent leakage, and supplies-related challenges. Narrators who have undergone ostomies discussed various expert tricks and tips to successfully combat these challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study used a novel approach to gain insights about end user interactions with medical devices while performing ostomy self-care, which are difficult to gain using traditional behavioral techniques. The analysis revealed that people who have undergone ostomies are willing to share their personal experience with ostomy self-care on the web and that these videos are viewed by the public. User-generated videos demonstrated a variety of supplies used, end user needs, and different strategies for performing ostomy self-care. Future research should examine how these findings connect to YouTube ostomy self-care content generated by health care professionals and organizations and to guidelines for ostomy self-care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e66634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Patient-Centered Symptom-Reporting Application in Pharmacy Settings Using a Hierarchical Patient-Friendly Symptom List: Developmental and Usability Study.","authors":"Seiya Watanabe, Hayato Kizaki, Satoko Hori","doi":"10.2196/71439","DOIUrl":"10.2196/71439","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Effective symptom identification, a key responsibility for community pharmacists, requires patients to describe their symptoms accurately and comprehensively. However, current practices in pharmacies may be insufficient in capturing patient-reported symptoms comprehensively, potentially affecting the quality of pharmaceutical care and patient safety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to construct a new, hierarchical symptom list derived from the Patient-Friendly Term List of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and to develop and evaluate a mobile app incorporating this list for facilitating symptom reporting by patients in pharmacy settings. The study also aimed to assess the usability and acceptance of this app among potential users.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Subjective symptom-related terms were extracted from the Patient-Friendly Term List version 23.0 of the MedDRA. These terms were systematically consolidated and organized into a hierarchical, user-friendly symptom list. A mobile app incorporating this list was developed for pharmacy settings, featuring a symptom selection interface and a free-text input field for additional symptoms. The app included an instructional video explaining the importance of symptom reporting and guidance on navigation. Usability tests and semistructured interviews were conducted with participants aged &gt;20 years. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to evaluate factors influencing the acceptance of technology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;From the initial 1440 terms in the Patient-Friendly Term List, 795 relevant terms were selected and organized into 40 site-specific subcategories, which were then grouped into broader site categories (mental, head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb, physical condition, and others). These terms were further consolidated into 211 patient-friendly symptom terms, forming a hierarchical symptom list. The app's interface design limited options to 10 items per screen to assist with decision-making. A total of 5 adults participated in the usability test. Participants found the interface intuitive and easy to use, requiring minimal effort, and provided positive feedback regarding the potential utility of the app in pharmacy settings. The UTAUT analysis identified several facilitating factors, including ease of use and the potential for enhanced pharmacist-patient communication. However, concerns were raised about usability for older adults and the need for simplified technical terminology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The user-friendly app with a hierarchically structured symptom list and complementary free-text entry has potential benefits for improving the accuracy and efficiency of symptom reporting in pharmacy settings. The positive user acceptance and identified areas for improvement provide a foundation for further development a","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e71439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preadolescent Children Using Real-Time Heart Rate During Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Lincoln Lu, Danielle E Jake-Schoffman, Hannah A Lavoie, Maedeh Agharazidermani, Kristy Elizabeth Boyer","doi":"10.2196/58715","DOIUrl":"10.2196/58715","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Given the global burden of insufficient physical activity (PA) in children, effective behavioral interventions are needed to increase PA levels. Novel technologies can help expand the reach and accessibility of these programs. Despite the potential to use heart rate (HR) to target moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), most HR research to date has focused on the accuracy of HR devices or used HR for PA surveillance rather than as an intervention tool. Furthermore, most commercial HR sensors are designed for adults, and their suitability for children is unknown. Further research about the feasibility and usability of commercial HR devices is required to understand how children may use HR during PA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to explore the use of a chest-worn HR sensor paired with a real-time HR display as an intervention tool among preadolescent children and the usability of a custom-designed app (Connexx) for viewing real-time HR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed Connexx, an HR information display app with an HR analytics portal to view HR tracking. Children were recruited via flyers distributed at local public schools, word of mouth, and social media posts. Eligible participants were children aged 9 to 12 years who did not have any medical contraindications to MVPA. Participants took part in a single in-person study session where they monitored their own HR using a commercial HR sensor, learned about HR, and engaged in a series of PAs while using the Connexx app to view their real-time HR. We took field note observations about participant interactions with the HR devices. Participants engaged in a semistructured interview about their experience using Connexx and HR during PA and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) about the Connexx app. Study sessions were audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 11 participants (n=6, 55% male; n=9, 82%, non-Hispanic White) with an average age of 10.4 (SD 1.0) years were recruited for the study. Data from observations, interviews, and SUS indicated that preadolescent children can use real-time HR information during MVPA. Observational and interview data indicated that the participants were able to understand their HR after a basic lesson and demonstrated the ability to make use of their HR information during PA. Interview and SUS responses demonstrated that the Connexx app was highly usable, despite some accessibility challenges (eg, small display font). Feedback about usability issues has been incorporated into a redesign of the Connexx app, including larger, color-coded fonts for HR information.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of this study indicate that preadolescent children understood their HR data and were able to use it in real time during PA. The findings suggest that future interventions targeting MVPA in this population should test strategies to use HR and","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e58715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of an AI Chatbot With a Nurse Hotline in Reducing Anxiety and Depression Levels in the General Population: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chen Chen, Kok Tai Lam, Ka Man Yip, Hung Kwan So, Terry Yat Sang Lum, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Jason C Yam, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Patrick Ip","doi":"10.2196/65785","DOIUrl":"10.2196/65785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have been customized to deliver on-demand support for people with mental health problems. However, the effectiveness of AI chatbots in tackling mental health problems among the general public in Hong Kong remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a local AI chatbot and compare the effectiveness of the AI chatbot with a conventional nurse hotline in reducing the level of anxiety and depression among individuals in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted from October 2022 to March 2023, involving 124 participants allocated randomly (1:1 ratio) into the AI chatbot and nurse hotline groups. Among these, 62 participants in the AI chatbot group and 41 in the nurse hotline group completed both the pre- and postquestionnaires, including the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7), PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and satisfaction questionnaire. Comparisons were conducted using independent and paired sample t tests (2-tailed) and the χ2 test to analyze changes in anxiety and depression levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the mean baseline score of 5.13 (SD 4.623), the mean postdepression score in the chatbot group was 3.68 (SD 4.397), which was significantly lower (P=.008). Similarly, a reduced anxiety score was also observed after the chatbot test (pre vs post: mean 4.74, SD 4.742 vs mean 3.4, SD 3.748; P=.005), respectively. No significant differences were found in the pre-post scores for either depression (P=.38) or anxiety (P=.19). No statistically significant difference was observed in service satisfaction between the two platforms (P=.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI chatbot was comparable to the traditional nurse hotline in alleviating participants' anxiety and depression after responding to inquiries. Moreover, the AI chatbot has shown potential in alleviating short-term anxiety and depression compared to the nurse hotline. While the AI chatbot presents a promising solution for offering accessible strategies to the public, more extensive randomized controlled studies are necessary to further validate its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e65785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Decentralized Biobanking App for Research Transparency and Patient Engagement: Participatory Design Study.","authors":"Ananya Dewan, M Eifler, Amelia Hood, William Sanchez, Marielle Gross","doi":"10.2196/59485","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59485","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Patient-derived biospecimens are invaluable tools in biomedical research. Currently, there are no mechanisms for patients to follow along and learn about the uses of their donated samples. Incorporating patients as stakeholders and meaningfully engaging them in biomedical research first requires transparency of research activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In this paper, we describe the use of participatory design methods to build a decentralized biobanking \"de-bi\" mobile app where patients could learn about biobanking, track their specimens, and engage with ongoing research via patient-friendly interfaces overlaying institutional biobank databases, initially developed for a breast cancer use case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This research occurred in 2 phases. In phase 1, we designed app screens from which patients could learn about ongoing research involving their samples. We embedded these screens in a survey (n=94) to gauge patients' interests regarding types of feedback and engagement opportunities; survey responses were probed during 6 comprehensive follow-up interviews. We then held an immersive participatory design workshop where participants (approximately 50) provided general feedback about our approach, with an embedded codesign workshop where a subset (n=15) provided targeted feedback on screen designs. For phase 2, we refined user interfaces and developed a functional app prototype in consultation with institutional stakeholders to ensure regulatory compliance, workflow compatibility, and composability with local data architectures. We presented the app at a second workshop, where participants (n=25, across 9 groups) shared thoughts on the app's usability and design. In this phase, we conducted cognitive walkthroughs (n=13) to gain in-depth feedback on in-app task navigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Most of the survey participants (61/81, 75%) were interested in learning the outcomes of research on their specimens, and 49% (41/83) were interested in connecting with others with the same diagnosis. Participants (47/60, 78%) expressed strong interest in receiving patient-friendly summaries of scientific information from scientists using their biospecimens. The first design workshop identified confusion in terminology and data presentation (eg, 9/15, 60% of co-designers were unclear on the biospecimens \"in use\"), though many appreciated the ability to view their personal biospecimens (7/15, 47%), and most were excited about connecting with others (12/15, 80%). In the second workshop, all groups found the app's information valuable. Moreover, 44% (5/9) noted they did not like the onboarding process, which was echoed in cognitive walkthroughs. Walkthroughs further confirmed interest in biospecimen tracking, and 23% (3/13) had confusion about not finding any of their biospecimens in the app. These findings guided refinements in onboarding, design, and user experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclu","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e59485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legitimacy as Social Infrastructure: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Literature on Legitimacy in Health and Technology.","authors":"Sydney Howe, Carin Uyl-de Groot, Rik Wehrens","doi":"10.2196/48955","DOIUrl":"10.2196/48955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As technology is integrated into health care delivery, research on adoption and acceptance of health technologies leaves large gaps in practice and provides limited explanation of how and why certain technologies are adopted and others are not. In these discussions, the concept of legitimacy is omnipresent but often implicit and underdeveloped. There is no agreement about what legitimacy is or how it works across social science disciplines, despite a prolific volume of the literature centering legitimacy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the meaning of legitimacy in health and technology as conceptualized in the distinctive disciplines of organization and management studies, science and technology studies, and medical anthropology and sociology, including how legitimacy is produced and used. This allows us to critically combine insights across disciplines and generate new theory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis literature review. Searches were conducted iteratively and were guided by preset eligibility criteria determined through thematic analysis, beginning with the selection of disciplines, followed by journals, and finally articles. We selected disciplines and journals in organization and management studies, science and technology studies, and medical anthropology and sociology using results from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and disciplinary expert-curated journal lists, focusing on the depth of legitimacy conceptualization. We selected 30 journals, yielding 796 abstracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 97 articles were included. The synthesis of the literature allowed us to produce a novel conceptualization of legitimacy as a form of social infrastructure, approaching legitimacy as a binding fabric of relationships, narratives, and materialities. We argue that the notion of legitimacy as social infrastructure is a flexible and adaptable framework for working with legitimacy both theoretically and practically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The legitimacy as social infrastructure framework can aid both academics and decision makers by providing more coherent and holistic explanations for how and why new technologies are adopted or not in health care practice. For academics, our framework makes legitimacy and technology adoption empirically approachable from an ethnographic perspective; for decision makers, legitimacy as social infrastructure allows for a practical, action-oriented focus that can be assessed iteratively at any stage of the technology development and implementation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":36351,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Human Factors","volume":"12 ","pages":"e48955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}